Chaim Perelman - Revision history

Callie Chiang at 00:15, 14 April 2012

2012-04-14T00:15:28Z

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-	'''Chaïm Perelman''' (1912-1984) was a Polish Jewish philosopher best known for his book The New Rhetoric: A Treatise on Argumentation (Traité de L'argumentation - La Nouvelle Rhétorique) ~~in 1958~~ with Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca. Perelman was a professor of logic and metaphysics at Université Libre in Brussels in 1944 and spent most of his career there. His focus on mathematical logic would later shift to forms of discursive reasoning and notions of justice.	+	'''Chaïm Perelman''' (1912-1984) was a Polish Jewish philosopher best known for his 1958 book The New Rhetoric: A Treatise on Argumentation (Traité de L'argumentation - La Nouvelle Rhétorique) with Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca. Perelman was a professor of logic and metaphysics at Université Libre in Brussels in 1944 and spent most of his career there. His focus on mathematical logic would later shift to forms of discursive reasoning and notions of justice.

	== Biography ==		== Biography ==

Callie Chiang at 23:49, 13 April 2012

2012-04-13T23:49:53Z

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	* [http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0015_0_15571.html]		* [http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0015_0_15571.html]
	* [https://encrypted.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=the%20new%20rhetoric%2C%20judaism%2C%20and%20post-enlightenment%20thought%3A%20the%20cultural%20origins%20of%20perelmanian%20philosophy&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CCQQFjAA&url=https%3A%2F%2Fscholarsbank.uoregon.edu%2Fjspui%2Fbitstream%2F1794%2F10815%2F1%2FNew%2520Rhetoric%2520and%2520Judaism.pdf&ei=Q5tvT4aZJ8iF2AWOgYHyAQ&usg=AFQjCNGp4KSq9CKMPr5jZfauHGT8YbOKRA&sig2=jce-8iBKXVGnrrlMAQbEdQ&cad=rja]		* [https://encrypted.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=the%20new%20rhetoric%2C%20judaism%2C%20and%20post-enlightenment%20thought%3A%20the%20cultural%20origins%20of%20perelmanian%20philosophy&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CCQQFjAA&url=https%3A%2F%2Fscholarsbank.uoregon.edu%2Fjspui%2Fbitstream%2F1794%2F10815%2F1%2FNew%2520Rhetoric%2520and%2520Judaism.pdf&ei=Q5tvT4aZJ8iF2AWOgYHyAQ&usg=AFQjCNGp4KSq9CKMPr5jZfauHGT8YbOKRA&sig2=jce-8iBKXVGnrrlMAQbEdQ&cad=rja]
		+	* Perelman, Chaim. "The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning." Professing The New Rhetorics: A Sourcebook. Ed. Theresa Enos and Stuart C. Brown. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1994. 145. Print.

	== External Links ==		== External Links ==

Callie Chiang at 23:45, 13 April 2012

2012-04-13T23:45:49Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:45, 13 April 2012
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-	'''Chaïm Perelman''' (1912-1984) was a Jewish philosopher best known for his book The New Rhetoric: A Treatise on Argumentation (Traité de L'argumentation - La Nouvelle Rhétorique) in 1958 with Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca. Perelman was a professor of logic and metaphysics at Université Libre in Brussels in 1944 and spent most of his career there. His focus on mathematical logic would later shift to forms of discursive reasoning and notions of justice.	+	'''Chaïm Perelman''' (1912-1984) was a Polish Jewish philosopher best known for his book The New Rhetoric: A Treatise on Argumentation (Traité de L'argumentation - La Nouvelle Rhétorique) in 1958 with Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca. Perelman was a professor of logic and metaphysics at Université Libre in Brussels in 1944 and spent most of his career there. His focus on mathematical logic would later shift to forms of discursive reasoning and notions of justice.

	== Biography ==		== Biography ==
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	Perelman's Jewish heritage had a profound impact on his outlook on life and strongly influenced his views on justice, a key to his concept of argumentation and The New Rhetoric. Perelman, experiencing post-World World I Europe, the rise of Hitler, and widespread antisemitism, created and lead the Jewish wing of the Belgium resistance movement. The horrors of the Holocaust lead him to publicly announce his devotion to the Jewish notion of justice and cultural Judaism.		Perelman's Jewish heritage had a profound impact on his outlook on life and strongly influenced his views on justice, a key to his concept of argumentation and The New Rhetoric. Perelman, experiencing post-World World I Europe, the rise of Hitler, and widespread antisemitism, created and lead the Jewish wing of the Belgium resistance movement. The horrors of the Holocaust lead him to publicly announce his devotion to the Jewish notion of justice and cultural Judaism.
		+
		+	'''Education'''
		+
		+	Perelman attended Université Libre in Brussels where he earned doctorates in philosophy and law. "His interest in law and justice led to his studying the traditional distinction between philosophical or formal logic and everyday reasoning and finding them arbitrary and unproductive" (Enos, Brown 145). He would later become dean of the philosophy and letters department, as well as director of Educational Sciences. At the Hebrew University he was a member of the board of governors.

	== The New Rhetoric ==		== The New Rhetoric ==

Jeff: /* External Links */

2012-04-13T17:58:07Z

External Links

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	== External Links ==		== External Links ==
	* [http://home.uchicago.edu/~ahkissel/rhetoric/perelman.html Adam Kissel's Reading Notes on ''The New Rhetoric'']		* [http://home.uchicago.edu/~ahkissel/rhetoric/perelman.html Adam Kissel's Reading Notes on ''The New Rhetoric'']
		+	*[http://www.argumentations.com/Argumentations/Help/Tutorials/MET-POT.aspx Argumentations.com on ''The New Rhetoric'']
	* [http://www.americanrhetoric.com/rca/RCAWordDocuments/jewishcountermodelfrank.pdf "The Jewish Countermodel: Talmudic Argumentation, the New Rhetoric Project, and the Classical Tradition of Rhetoric"], article by David A. Frank		* [http://www.americanrhetoric.com/rca/RCAWordDocuments/jewishcountermodelfrank.pdf "The Jewish Countermodel: Talmudic Argumentation, the New Rhetoric Project, and the Classical Tradition of Rhetoric"], article by David A. Frank
	* [http://www.jaconlinejournal.com/archives/vol4/long-role.pdf "The Role of Audience in Chaim Perelman's New Rhetoric"], article by Richard Long		* [http://www.jaconlinejournal.com/archives/vol4/long-role.pdf "The Role of Audience in Chaim Perelman's New Rhetoric"], article by Richard Long
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	*[http://youtu.be/6CkCnbZilCk "Promise of Reason" Conference Lecture on YouTube--Jeanne Fahnestock and Francis J. Mootz III]		*[http://youtu.be/6CkCnbZilCk "Promise of Reason" Conference Lecture on YouTube--Jeanne Fahnestock and Francis J. Mootz III]
	*[http://youtu.be/7Ch-jZseKBk "Promise of Reason" Conference Lecture on YouTube--Barbara Warnick and Christopher W. Tinsdale]		*[http://youtu.be/7Ch-jZseKBk "Promise of Reason" Conference Lecture on YouTube--Barbara Warnick and Christopher W. Tinsdale]
-	*[http://www.argumentations.com/Argumentations/Help/Tutorials/MET-POT.aspx Argumentations.com on New Rhetoric]

Jeff: /* External Links */

2012-04-13T17:57:28Z

External Links

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:57, 13 April 2012
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	*[http://youtu.be/6CkCnbZilCk "Promise of Reason" Conference Lecture on YouTube--Jeanne Fahnestock and Francis J. Mootz III]		*[http://youtu.be/6CkCnbZilCk "Promise of Reason" Conference Lecture on YouTube--Jeanne Fahnestock and Francis J. Mootz III]
	*[http://youtu.be/7Ch-jZseKBk "Promise of Reason" Conference Lecture on YouTube--Barbara Warnick and Christopher W. Tinsdale]		*[http://youtu.be/7Ch-jZseKBk "Promise of Reason" Conference Lecture on YouTube--Barbara Warnick and Christopher W. Tinsdale]
		+	*[http://www.argumentations.com/Argumentations/Help/Tutorials/MET-POT.aspx Argumentations.com on New Rhetoric]

Jeff: /* The New Rhetoric */ tried to work in a more explicit mention of convince vs persuade

2012-04-13T14:59:00Z

The New Rhetoric: tried to work in a more explicit mention of convince vs persuade

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:59, 13 April 2012
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	'''The Universal Audience'''		'''The Universal Audience'''

-	Perelman uses the term universal audience in order to distinguish it from particular audiences, which applies to particular people, particular places, particular times, particular groups, etc. The universal audience is employed in argumentation in order to transcend particulars and make broad appeals. If the distinction of the universal audience was not made, "there would be no difference between an effective argument and a valid one, and rhetoric would be more vulnerable to the classical philosophical attacks," which is that rhetoric is merely flattery (Crosswhite 162).	+	Perelman uses the term universal audience in order to distinguish it from particular audiences, which applies to particular people, particular places, particular times, particular groups, etc. The universal audience is employed in argumentation in order to transcend particulars and make broad appeals: arguments aimed at particular audiences, Perelman argues, are meant to persuade, while arguments aimed at universal audiences are meant to convince. If the distinction of the universal audience was not made, "there would be no difference between an effective argument and a valid one, and rhetoric would be more vulnerable to the classical philosophical attacks," which is that rhetoric is merely flattery (Crosswhite 162).

	The concept of the universal audience has roots in Jewish tradition as well. Like the Jewish thought, "the New Rhetoric prioritizes the community of minds, and it is the human audience rather than God, formal logic, or the individual that judges the merits of an argument" (Frank 320). When it comes to argumentation, it is more important to know what the audience regards as true rather than what the speaker thinks is true. With the focus on the community or audience's values, Perelman had a strong alliance with the epideictic. He believed "audiences are taught fundamental values used in making judgments" through epideictic discourse and that these values can be used to stand up against injustices (Frank 320).		The concept of the universal audience has roots in Jewish tradition as well. Like the Jewish thought, "the New Rhetoric prioritizes the community of minds, and it is the human audience rather than God, formal logic, or the individual that judges the merits of an argument" (Frank 320). When it comes to argumentation, it is more important to know what the audience regards as true rather than what the speaker thinks is true. With the focus on the community or audience's values, Perelman had a strong alliance with the epideictic. He believed "audiences are taught fundamental values used in making judgments" through epideictic discourse and that these values can be used to stand up against injustices (Frank 320).

Callie Chiang: /* The New Rhetoric */

2012-04-05T00:07:54Z

The New Rhetoric

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	'''Judaism, Justice, and The New Rhetoric'''		'''Judaism, Justice, and The New Rhetoric'''

-	Perelman turned heavily to the Jewish notions of justice in order to make sense of the widespread destruction he witnessed in World War II. He realized ~~ealized~~ "that apodictic logic could not lead to a workable concept of justice for use in life and argument led him to reconsider the question of justification" (Frank 313). Heavily influenced by the Jewish psychologist Henri Baruk, Perelman took in the "Jewish tradition... of justification that avoided dualism and worked to blend love and justice, truth and peace" (Frank 313). The Jewish tradition of justice requires a reason that includes emotion, empathy, and rationality and insists that those who judge should be compassionate.	+	Perelman turned heavily to the Jewish notions of justice in order to make sense of the widespread destruction he witnessed in World War II. He realized "that apodictic logic could not lead to a workable concept of justice for use in life and argument led him to reconsider the question of justification" (Frank 313). Heavily influenced by the Jewish psychologist Henri Baruk, Perelman took in the "Jewish tradition... of justification that avoided dualism and worked to blend love and justice, truth and peace" (Frank 313). The Jewish tradition of justice requires a reason that includes emotion, empathy, and rationality and insists that those who judge should be compassionate.

	Drawing inspiration from Talmudic texts, a collection of Jewish laws and traditions, Perelman contrasted Jewish pluralism with the Western notion of dualistic rationality. Perelman believed the Enlightenment rationalists, specifically Descartes, had a limited view of reason and argued against the notion that there must be one answer to a given question. Perelman embraced Talmudic reasoning, which states that "reason is plural, revealing many answers to the same question" (Frank 314). With pluralism, "opinions can conflict, coexist, and remain in the realm of the reasonable" (Frank 315).		Drawing inspiration from Talmudic texts, a collection of Jewish laws and traditions, Perelman contrasted Jewish pluralism with the Western notion of dualistic rationality. Perelman believed the Enlightenment rationalists, specifically Descartes, had a limited view of reason and argued against the notion that there must be one answer to a given question. Perelman embraced Talmudic reasoning, which states that "reason is plural, revealing many answers to the same question" (Frank 314). With pluralism, "opinions can conflict, coexist, and remain in the realm of the reasonable" (Frank 315).

Drew Loewe: /* External Links */

2012-03-29T22:25:08Z

External Links

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:25, 29 March 2012
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	* [http://www.jaconlinejournal.com/archives/vol4/long-role.pdf "The Role of Audience in Chaim Perelman's New Rhetoric"], article by Richard Long		* [http://www.jaconlinejournal.com/archives/vol4/long-role.pdf "The Role of Audience in Chaim Perelman's New Rhetoric"], article by Richard Long
	* [http://www.scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/jspui/bitstream/.../After-New-Rhetoric.pdf "After the New Rhetoric"], book review by David A. Frank (reviews Gross and Dearin's ''Chaim Perelman'')		* [http://www.scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/jspui/bitstream/.../After-New-Rhetoric.pdf "After the New Rhetoric"], book review by David A. Frank (reviews Gross and Dearin's ''Chaim Perelman'')
-	* [http://youtu.be/byY8lAqIg3M "Promise of Reason" Conference Lecture--Scott Pratt and Steven Shankman]	+	* [http://youtu.be/byY8lAqIg3M "Promise of Reason" Conference Lecture on YouTube--Scott Pratt and Steven Shankman]
-	*[http://youtu.be/G6tTc-pZeFo "Promise of Reason" Conference Lecture--Noemi Perelman (P's daughter)]; she starts at about 10:30	+	*[http://youtu.be/G6tTc-pZeFo "Promise of Reason" Conference Lecture on YouTube--Noemi Perelman (P's daughter)]; she starts at about 10:30
-	*[http://youtu.be/4be1PoWTtf8 "Promise of Reason" Conference Lecture--Alan G. Gross and Michael Leff]	+	*[http://youtu.be/4be1PoWTtf8 "Promise of Reason" Conference Lecture on YouTube--Alan G. Gross and Michael Leff]
-	*[http://youtu.be/6CkCnbZilCk "Promise of Reason" Conference Lecture--Jeanne Fahnestock and Francis J. Mootz III]	+	*[http://youtu.be/6CkCnbZilCk "Promise of Reason" Conference Lecture on YouTube--Jeanne Fahnestock and Francis J. Mootz III]
-	*[http://youtu.be/7Ch-jZseKBk "Promise of Reason" Conference Lecture--Barbara Warnick and Christopher W. Tinsdale]	+	*[http://youtu.be/7Ch-jZseKBk "Promise of Reason" Conference Lecture on YouTube--Barbara Warnick and Christopher W. Tinsdale]

Drew Loewe: /* External Links */

2012-03-29T22:24:14Z

External Links

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:24, 29 March 2012
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	* [http://www.jaconlinejournal.com/archives/vol4/long-role.pdf "The Role of Audience in Chaim Perelman's New Rhetoric"], article by Richard Long		* [http://www.jaconlinejournal.com/archives/vol4/long-role.pdf "The Role of Audience in Chaim Perelman's New Rhetoric"], article by Richard Long
	* [http://www.scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/jspui/bitstream/.../After-New-Rhetoric.pdf "After the New Rhetoric"], book review by David A. Frank (reviews Gross and Dearin's ''Chaim Perelman'')		* [http://www.scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/jspui/bitstream/.../After-New-Rhetoric.pdf "After the New Rhetoric"], book review by David A. Frank (reviews Gross and Dearin's ''Chaim Perelman'')
		+	* [http://youtu.be/byY8lAqIg3M "Promise of Reason" Conference Lecture--Scott Pratt and Steven Shankman]
		+	*[http://youtu.be/G6tTc-pZeFo "Promise of Reason" Conference Lecture--Noemi Perelman (P's daughter)]; she starts at about 10:30
		+	*[http://youtu.be/4be1PoWTtf8 "Promise of Reason" Conference Lecture--Alan G. Gross and Michael Leff]
		+	*[http://youtu.be/6CkCnbZilCk "Promise of Reason" Conference Lecture--Jeanne Fahnestock and Francis J. Mootz III]
		+	*[http://youtu.be/7Ch-jZseKBk "Promise of Reason" Conference Lecture--Barbara Warnick and Christopher W. Tinsdale]

Callie Chiang: /* The New Rhetoric */

2012-03-28T02:10:49Z

The New Rhetoric

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:10, 28 March 2012
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	'''Judaism, Justice, and The New Rhetoric'''		'''Judaism, Justice, and The New Rhetoric'''

-	Perelman turned heavily to the Jewish notions of justice in order to make sense of the widespread destruction he witnessed in World War II. Heavily influenced by the Jewish psychologist Henri Baruk, Perelman took in the "Jewish tradition... of justification that avoided dualism and worked to blend love and justice, truth and peace" (Frank 313). The Jewish tradition of justice requires a reason that includes emotion, empathy, and rationality and insists that those who judge should be compassionate.	+	Perelman turned heavily to the Jewish notions of justice in order to make sense of the widespread destruction he witnessed in World War II. He realized ealized "that apodictic logic could not lead to a workable concept of justice for use in life and argument led him to reconsider the question of justification" (Frank 313). Heavily influenced by the Jewish psychologist Henri Baruk, Perelman took in the "Jewish tradition... of justification that avoided dualism and worked to blend love and justice, truth and peace" (Frank 313). The Jewish tradition of justice requires a reason that includes emotion, empathy, and rationality and insists that those who judge should be compassionate.

-	Drawing inspiration from Talmudic texts, a collection of Jewish laws and traditions, Perelman contrasted Jewish pluralism with the Western notion of dualistic rationality. Perelman believed the Enlightenment rationalists had a limited view of reason and argued against the notion that there must be one answer to a given question. Perelman embraced Talmudic reasoning, which states that "reason is plural, revealing many answers to the same question" (Frank 314).	+	Drawing inspiration from Talmudic texts, a collection of Jewish laws and traditions, Perelman contrasted Jewish pluralism with the Western notion of dualistic rationality. Perelman believed the Enlightenment rationalists, specifically Descartes, had a limited view of reason and argued against the notion that there must be one answer to a given question. Perelman embraced Talmudic reasoning, which states that "reason is plural, revealing many answers to the same question" (Frank 314). With pluralism, "opinions can conflict, coexist, and remain in the realm of the reasonable" (Frank 315).

	Due to his acceptance of pluralism, Perelman recognized the limitations of syllogisms. This can be seen in his view of the audience as the focal point in argumentation, since the aim of argumentation is to persuade or convince an audience to adapt or adhere to a thesis.		Due to his acceptance of pluralism, Perelman recognized the limitations of syllogisms. This can be seen in his view of the audience as the focal point in argumentation, since the aim of argumentation is to persuade or convince an audience to adapt or adhere to a thesis.