Kenneth Burke

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Kenneth Burke (1897-1993) is a major American literary theorist. He worked for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Dial ''The Dial''] in 1923 as an editor, and as a music critic between 1927-1929.  He was influenced by Karl Marx, Sigmund Freud, and Friedrich Nietzsche but did not explicitly follow any particular school of thought. Burke defined humankind as a "symbol using animal."
 
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== Biography ==
== Biography ==
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Kenneth Burke (1897-1993) was a major American literary and rhetorical theorist and critic. He was influenced by Karl Marx, Sigmund Freud, and Friedrich Nietzsche, but did not explicitly follow any particular school of thought. Burke defined (hu)mankind as the "symbol-making (symbol-using, symbol-misusing) animal, inventor of the negative (or moralized by the negative), separated from his natural condition by instruments of his own making, goaded by the spirit of hierarchy (or moved by the sense of order), and rotten with perfection" (Definition of Man 53-54).
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'''Education'''
'''Education'''
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== Notable Quotes ==
== Notable Quotes ==
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"The best I can do is state my belief that things might be improved somewhat if enough people began thinking along the lines of this definition; my belief that, if such an approach could be perfected by many kinds of critics and educators and self-admonishers in general, things might be a little less ominous than otherwise" ("Definition of Man" 58 in ''Professing the New Rhetorics'').
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"So far as is known at present, the only typically symbol-using animal existing on Earth is the human organism. The intuitive signaling systems in such social creatures as bees and ants would not be classed as examples of symbolic action. They are not conventional, arbitrary symbol systems such as human speech, which is not inborn but has to be learned depending upon where the child happens to be "thrown," an accident of birth that determines whether the child learns Chinese, or French, or whatever idiom may prevail in the given locality. Symbol systems of that sort also differ from intuitive signaling systems in that they have a second-level (or "reflexive") aspect. That is to say: they can talk about themselves. Cicero could both orate and write a treatise on oratory. A dog can bark but he can't bark a tract on barking."
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"(Nonsymbolic) Motion/(Symbolic) Action" (141 in [http://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=kt1j49p9r4;brand=ucpress ''On Human Nature: A Gathering While Everything Flows 1967-1984''], edited by Rueckert and Bonadonna)
== Article Summaries ==
== Article Summaries ==
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== Additional Works/ Publications ==
== Additional Works/ Publications ==
A full lists of Burke's publications can be found [http://www.kbjournal.org/node/58 here]
A full lists of Burke's publications can be found [http://www.kbjournal.org/node/58 here]
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==== Books ====
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: [http://books.google.com/books?id=pH2cw_ku1hMC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Towards+a+better+life&hl=en&src=bmrr&ei=lR-_TYL0HIKatwej1KnkBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Towards a Better Life'']
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: [http://books.google.com/books?id=HXF3HMi1zQ4C&printsec=frontcover&dq=Language+as+Symbolic+Action:+Essays+on+Life,+Literature,+and+Method&hl=en&ei=uSG_Tc3iCajw0gGw2eC9BQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Language as Symbolic Action: Essays on Life, Literature, and Method'']
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: [http://books.google.com/books?id=E4_BU8v2TPUC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Permanence+and+Change:+An+Anatomy+of+Purpose&hl=en&ei=HCK_TYaYIcHq0QGxyYC4Ag&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Permanence and Change: An Anatomy of Purpose'']
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==== Articles/Essays ====
== Further Readings ==
== Further Readings ==
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[http://www.comm.umn.edu/burke/ University of Minnesota, Kenneth Burke Resources Website]
[http://www.comm.umn.edu/burke/ University of Minnesota, Kenneth Burke Resources Website]
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[http://books.google.com/books?id=pH2cw_ku1hMC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Towards+a+better+life&hl=en&src=bmrr&ei=lR-_TYL0HIKatwej1KnkBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Towards a Better Life'']
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== Other Scholarly Views ==
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==== Agreement ====
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Those authors that agree with Burke.
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[http://books.google.com/books?id=HXF3HMi1zQ4C&printsec=frontcover&dq=Language+as+Symbolic+Action:+Essays+on+Life,+Literature,+and+Method&hl=en&ei=uSG_Tc3iCajw0gGw2eC9BQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Language as Symbolic Action: Essays on Life, Literature, and Method'']
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==== Opposition ====
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[http://books.google.com/books?id=E4_BU8v2TPUC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Permanence+and+Change:+An+Anatomy+of+Purpose&hl=en&ei=HCK_TYaYIcHq0QGxyYC4Ag&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Permanence and Change: An Anatomy of Purpose'']
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Those authors that disagree with Burke.
== References ==
== References ==
== External Links ==
== External Links ==
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[http://www.kbjournal.org/kbs The Kenneth Burke Society]
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* [http://www.kbjournal.org/kbs ''KB Journal'' (journal of The Kenneth Burke Society)]
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* [http://ac-journal.org/journal/vol1/iss3/burke/rountree.html "Coming to Terms with Kenneth Burke's Pentad"], article by Clarke Rountree
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* [http://ac-journal.org/journal/vol1/iss3/burke/quigley.html "Identification as a Key Term in Kenneth Burke's Rhetorical Theory"], article by Brooke L. Quigley
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* [http://www.bookrags.com/biography/kenneth-burke/ "Encyclopedia of World Biography on Kenneth Burke"]

Latest revision as of 19:43, 13 April 2012

Contents

Biography

Kenneth Burke (1897-1993) was a major American literary and rhetorical theorist and critic. He was influenced by Karl Marx, Sigmund Freud, and Friedrich Nietzsche, but did not explicitly follow any particular school of thought. Burke defined (hu)mankind as the "symbol-making (symbol-using, symbol-misusing) animal, inventor of the negative (or moralized by the negative), separated from his natural condition by instruments of his own making, goaded by the spirit of hierarchy (or moved by the sense of order), and rotten with perfection" (Definition of Man 53-54).


Education

Notable Quotes

"The best I can do is state my belief that things might be improved somewhat if enough people began thinking along the lines of this definition; my belief that, if such an approach could be perfected by many kinds of critics and educators and self-admonishers in general, things might be a little less ominous than otherwise" ("Definition of Man" 58 in Professing the New Rhetorics).

"So far as is known at present, the only typically symbol-using animal existing on Earth is the human organism. The intuitive signaling systems in such social creatures as bees and ants would not be classed as examples of symbolic action. They are not conventional, arbitrary symbol systems such as human speech, which is not inborn but has to be learned depending upon where the child happens to be "thrown," an accident of birth that determines whether the child learns Chinese, or French, or whatever idiom may prevail in the given locality. Symbol systems of that sort also differ from intuitive signaling systems in that they have a second-level (or "reflexive") aspect. That is to say: they can talk about themselves. Cicero could both orate and write a treatise on oratory. A dog can bark but he can't bark a tract on barking." "(Nonsymbolic) Motion/(Symbolic) Action" (141 in On Human Nature: A Gathering While Everything Flows 1967-1984, edited by Rueckert and Bonadonna)

Article Summaries

Burke, Kenneth "Definition of Man"

Additional Works/ Publications

A full lists of Burke's publications can be found here

Books

Towards a Better Life
Language as Symbolic Action: Essays on Life, Literature, and Method
Permanence and Change: An Anatomy of Purpose

Articles/Essays

Further Readings

University of Minnesota, Kenneth Burke Resources Website

Other Scholarly Views

Agreement

Those authors that agree with Burke.

Opposition

Those authors that disagree with Burke.

References

External Links

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