RhetorClick - User contributions [en]

Contribution to Wiki, Spring 2012

2012-04-13T20:38:06Z

Amber B.:

Please list your name and tentative ideas for wiki contributions:

Ryan- style guide, graduate resources 
Jennifer- style guide, content 
Nicole- alphabetized [[Theories and Movements]] page, Feminist Criticism authors Condit and Japp, article summaries for Sidler and Hea, 4 added [[Glossary]] definitions. 
Noah- created [[Authors]] page for [[Cheryl E. Ball]], created an [[Article Summaries]] page: ([[Ball, Cheryl et al., "Integrating Multimodality in Composition Curricula: Survey Methodology and Results from a CCCC Research Grant"]]), made copy edits throughout, made layout adjustments for continuity throughout. 
Amber- created [[Authors]] pages for [[Walter Fisher]] and [[Patricia Bizzell]], added a commentary to the article summary section of [[Jim W. Corder]], added terms to [[Glossary]], and made copy edits and tried to maintain continuity where it was off.

Glossary

2012-04-13T20:37:31Z

Amber B.: /* N */

This page is dedicated to key terms from the readings.

== A ==

*'''Adumbration:''' the act of providing vague advance indications of a concept to come; also known as "prefiguration" (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Aesthetics''': study of the mind and emotions in relation to the sense of beauty (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])
*'''Affective fallacy''': coined by Wimsatt and Berdsley, the mistake of confusing a rhetorical artifact with its result; evaluating literature by its affect on the reader(see [["How to Read a Page" by I. A. Richards]])
* '''Agency''': The ability to act and communicate (See [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process"]])
*'''Agitator:''' someone who urges others to protest or rebel (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Aleatoric''': chaotic; random; according to chance (see [[Ede, Lisa S. and Andrea A. Lunsford "On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric"]])
*'''Ancillary:''' providing necessary but secondary support to an organization, institution, or industry (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Animism''': the spiritual belief, subscribed to by Aristotle, that all objects have souls (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Antistrophos''': counterpart; opposite companion (see [[Ede, Lisa S. and Andrea A. Lunsford "On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric"]])
*'''Antithetical''': in direct and unequivocal opposition (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])
*'''Antilogy''': a contradiction in terms or ideas (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])
*'''Aphorism''': a pithy observation that contains a general truth(see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])
*'''Apodictic philosophy''': something demonstrated therefore true (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])
*'''Articulation:''': a connection or linking of parts to form a unity. (see [[Hea, Amy C. Kimme "Riding The Wave"]])
*'''Articulation Theory''': is well-suited to examinations of technology because it addresses a range of cultural concerns manifest in the design, development, production, circulation, and consumption of technologies. (see [[Hea, Amy C. Kimme "Riding The Wave"]])
*'''Axiological:''' relating to the study of values (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])
*'''Axiom''': a self-evident truth that requires no proof (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])

== B ==
*'''Backing''': in the [[Toulmin Model of Argument]], a fact or set of facts that support an argument's warrant (see [[Toulmin, Stephen "The Layout of Arguments"]])
*'''Bombast''': pretentious or inflated speech or writing
*'''Bricolage''': in art or literature, construction or creation from a diverse range of available things (see [[April 5 Class Notes]])

== C ==

*'''Canonical''': accepted as being accurate and authoritative (see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])
*'''Categorical imperative''': the philosophical concept proposed by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanuel_Kant Immanuel Kant] that moral obligations are binding in all circumstances, regardless of positive or negative consequences (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])
*'''Chariot allegory''': Socrates compares the soul to chariot horses and their rider. He believes the soul (chariot rider) is immortal and consists of one good horse and one bad horse. The soul is in constant struggle balancing and choosing between the two horses. Through the good soul only, the chariot can make it to eternity or heaven (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])
*'''Classical rhetoric''': theory of persuasive discourse (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])
*'''Close reading''': meticulous, word-level interpretation, rather than general analysis; has greatly influenced modern criticism (Richards [[February 1 Class Notes]])
*'''Compendia''': a brief summary of a larger work or of a field of knowledge (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Continuum''': a continuous spectrum; a sequence in which the extremes are quite distinct while individual adjacent elements are similar (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])

== D ==

*'''Datum''':
*'''Death of the Author''': Roland Barthe's essay argues that the author's personal background should be irrelevant to interpretation of his or her writing; the concept proposed in the essay (see [[Barthes, Roland "Death of the Author"]])
*'''Deictic''': denoting a word or expression whose meaning is dependent on the context in which it is used (see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])
*'''Dialectic''': two-sided dialogue, formal argumentation system, conversation (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Doxa''': constantly evolving day-to-day knowledge, sometimes culturally based (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Dialectical reasoning''': moving back and forth between contrary lines of reasoning examing both arguments (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])
*'''Diachronic''': relating to phenomena, often literary or cultural, as they occur or change over a period of time (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])
*'''Dispositio''': the system used for the organization of arguments in Western classical rhetoric (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])

== E ==
*'''Ecriture''': the idea that a text's author becomes a "transcendental anonymity"; the French word for "writing"(see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])
*'''Elocutio''': the mastery of stylistic elements in Western classical rhetoric and comes from the Latin ''loqui'', "to speak" (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Endoxa''':
*'''Entelechy''': a realization or actuality as opposed to a potentiality; the actualization of form-giving cause as contrasted with potential existence (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Enthymeme''': abbreviated form of a syllogism which assumes one of two premises is a given (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Episteme''': knowledge of the absolute, eternal truth (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Esperanto''': an artificial international language based as far as possible on words common to the chief European languages (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])
*'''Ethos''': the persuasive appeal of one's character, credibility, or apparent trustworthiness, especially how this character is established by means of speech or discourse (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]]
*'''Etymology''': the study of the history of words and their evolution over time (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Existentialism''': a philosophical theory emphasizing the individual as a free and responsible agent determining his or her own development through acts of the will (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])
*'''Exegesis''': interpretation of a text often exploring its historical context and seeking to identify its cultural significance (see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])
*'''Exordium''': the introduction, especially of a discourse or treatise (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])
*'''Extrinsic''': not part of the essential nature of someone or something (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])

== F ==
*'''Fallacious''': containing or based on a fallacy (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])
*'''Forensic speaking''': use of rhetoric to attack or defend someone in a judicial setting; defined by [[Aristotle]] as one of three forms of rhetoric (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])

== G ==
*'''Gaze''': to see, accidentally or on purpose, behind the curtain of public disclosure and into the private lives of research subjects. (see [[Sidler, Michelle "Playing Scavenger and Gazer with Scientific Discourse: Opportunities and Ethics for Online Research"]])
* '''Genre''': a continuous and structured activity; anything that a large group of people do similarly (see [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process" ]])
* '''Genre agents''': documents and websites which offer key information involved in the genre process (see [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process" ]] )
* '''Genre field''': everything that goes into making a genre (see [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process"]])

== H ==

*'''Heteroglossia''': the qualities of a language (such as ideology, perspective, etc.) that are extralinguistic but common to all languages (see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Bakhtin#The_Dialogic_Imagination:_Chronotope.2C_Heteroglossia The Dialogic Imagination])
*'''Homonymy''': the relation between two words that are spelled the same way but differ in meaning (see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])
*'''Hypertext''': non-sequential, often digital, writing; writing "in which the logical connections between elements are primarily associative rather than syllogistic" (Slatin [[March 22 Class Notes]])

== I ==
*'''Inventio''': the system or method used for the discovery of arguments in Western rhetoric (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Intentional fallacy''': the concept that an author's words alone, not intent, should be examined because an author's mind can never be truly known (Richards [[February 1 Class Notes]])
*'''Interpretant''': how a person perceives a sign or representation (Peirce [[January 25 Class Notes]])
*'''Inter-textual variations''': differences in the way texts are structured through alphanumeric cues (headings and numbers), spatial cues (horizontal and vertical distribution of text) and graphic cues (bullets, arrows, lines, etc.) (see [https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/alred/www/pdf/kostelnick-rhetoricoftext.pdf Rhetoric of Text])
*'''Intra-textual variations''': changes in typography and design within a document (see [https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/alred/www/pdf/kostelnick-rhetoricoftext.pdf Rhetoric of Text])
*'''Inventio''': the system or method used for the discovery of arguments in Western rhetoric (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Isomorphous''': being of identical or similar form, shape, or structure (see [["Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences" by Mikhail Bakhtin]])
*'''Instrumental value judgment''': an argument that uses values as a means to alread accepted ends, or as obstacles to their attainment (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])
*'''Intuitionism''': the theory that primary truths and principles, especially those of ethics and metaphysics, are known through intuition rather than learning (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])

== J ==

== K ==

*'''Krisis''': point of judgment, moment of decision (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])

== L ==

*'''Lexia''': parts of a text that are separated from the meaning of the work as a whole to show the multiplicity of meaning and references
*'''Logology''': study of language and symbols (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Logomachies''': a dispute over or about words
*'''Logos''': the logical appeal that attempts to persuade the audience using intellect and reason (Persuasive appeals: [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Logical empiricism''': the school of philosophy that combines empiricism (the idea that observational evidence is indispensable for knowledge of the world) with a version of rationalism incorporating mathematical and logico-linguistic constructs (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])

== M ==

*'''Modal Qualifiers''':

== N ==
*'''Natura naturans''': nature doing what nature does (see [["Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences" by Mikhail Bakhtin]])
*'''Natura naurata''': nature already created (see [["Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences" by Mikhail Bakhtin]])
*'''New Criticism''': a movement that viewed texts as completely autonomous (Richards [[February 1 Class Notes]])
*'''New Rhetoric''': theory of argumentation (See [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])
*'''Node''': any object which is linked to another object (Slatin [[March 22 Class Notes]])
*'''Nominalism''': the belief that universals are mere names without any reality (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])
*'''Narrative paradigm''': [[Walter Fisher]]'s theory that all forms of communication are a type of storytelling, and all human experience evolves as a type of "narrative." This was in contrast to the [[Rational World Paradigm]])

== O ==

*'''Object''': the action you take (Peirce [[January 25 Class Notes]])
*'''Organon''': an instrument for acquiring knowledge; specifically, a body of principles of scientific or philosophic investigation (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Orthographic''': projection of a single view of an object onto a drawing surface in which the lines of projection are perpendicular to the drawing surface (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])

== P ==
*'''Parlance''': a particular way of speaking or using words, especially a way common to those with a particular job or interest (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Paradeigma''': use of example or anecdotal evidence to prove a point (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Pathos''': the appeal to emotion and shared values; often used in advertising and thought to be manipulative but also extrmeely effective (Persuasive appeals: [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]]
*'''Pejorative''': a word or phrase that has negative connotations or that is intended to disparage or belittle (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Perennial''': continuing without interruption (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Phoneme''': a unit of the phonetic system of a language that corresponds to a set of similar speech sounds perceived to be a single distinctive sound in the language (e.g., the velar \k\ of cool and the palatal \k\ of keel) (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])
*'''Pisteis''': proofs, persuasive appeals: (logos, ethos, pathos); artistic (logical, logos, nonlogical, ethos and pathos) and inartistic (tangible evidence) (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
* '''Play theory''': the theory that any and all activities have rules, specific outcomes, and some sort of strategy to win (See [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process"]] )
* '''Player agents''': people involved in the process of play theory (See [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process"]] )
*'''Poeis''': fine arts (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Polyglossia''': the hybrid nature of language (see [[Mikhail Bakhtin]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Bakhtin#The_Dialogic_Imagination:_Chronotope.2C_Heteroglossia The Dialogic Imagination]
*'''Positivist empiricism''': emphasizes role of experience and evidence especially sensory perception (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])
*'''Priori''': relating to or derived by reasoning from self-evident propositions (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])
*'''Promulgation''': to make known by open declaration; publish; proclaim formally or put into operation (a law, decree of a court, etc.). (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Proofs''': Justification, reasoning, argumentation. (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])

== Q ==

== R ==

*'''Rationalism''': truth is not sensory, but intellectual and deductive. You only know thought through deductive reasoning. (See [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])
*'''Rationalistic idealism''': criterion of truth is not sensory but intelluctual and deductive (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])
*'''Rediscovers''': the effects of analogy or isomorphism with current forms of knowledge that allow the perception of forgotten or obscured figures (See [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])
*'''Representame'''n: what something represents to you personally (creates in the mind of that person an equivalent sign, or perhaps a more developed sign) (Peirce [[January 25 Class Notes]])
* '''Rhetoric''': (see [[Definitions of Rhetoric]])

== S ==
*'''Scavenge''': plucking discourse of many types from multiple sources, both historical and (near) real-time. (see [[Sidler, Michelle "Playing Scavenger and Gazer with Scientific Discourse: Opportunities and Ethics for Online Research"]])
*'''Semantic''': of or relating to meaning in language (see [["Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences" by Mikhail Bakhtin]])
*'''Semiology''': the study of signs (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])
*'''Signified''': concept in the mind (not a thing but the notion of a thing) (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])
*'''Signifier''': the material (or physical form) of the sign (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])
*'''Spatiotemporal:''' Belonging to both space and time or to space-time (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])
*'''Syllogism''': logical/deductive, conclusion resting on 2 premises (major, minor, conclusion) (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Supra-Textual Structuring''': affects the document globally, with section titles, page headers, tabs, page size, orientation, the placement of extra-textual elements (e.g. data display and pictures), icons, page color, and various line, textures, and marks. Supra-textual cues create visual coherence among units in a document (see [https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/alred/www/pdf/kostelnick-rhetoricoftext.pdf Rhetoric of Text])
*'''Synchronic''': concerned with events existing in a limited time period and ignoring historical antecedents (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])
*'''Suasory:''' Tending to persuade. (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Subjectivism''': doctrine that knowledge is merely subjective and that there is no external or objective truth (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])
*'''Subverter''': to pervert or corrupt by an undermining of morals, allegiance, or faith (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])

== T ==

*'''Tautologies''': a phrase or expression in which the same thing is said twice in different words; a statement that is true by necessity or by virtue of its logical form(see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])
*'''Techne''': art, craft (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Telos''': an ultimate end. (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Trivium''': An introductory curriculum at a medieval university involving the study of grammar, rhetoric, and logic. (Bryant [[February 3 Class Notes]])
*'''Tropism''': growth toward or away from external stimulus (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])

== U ==

== V ==

== W ==
*'''Warrant''': in the [[Toulmin Model of Argument]], an often implicit assumption that supports the inference of the claim from the data/evidence (see [[Toulmin, Stephen "The Layout of Arguments"]])

== X ==

== Y ==

== Z ==

Contribution to Wiki, Spring 2012

2012-04-13T20:34:11Z

Amber B.:

Please list your name and tentative ideas for wiki contributions:

Ryan- style guide, graduate resources 
Jennifer- style guide, content 
Nicole- alphabetized [[Theories and Movements]] page, Feminist Criticism authors Condit and Japp, article summaries for Sidler and Hea, 4 added [[Glossary]] definitions. 
Noah- created [[Authors]] page for [[Cheryl E. Ball]], created an [[Article Summaries]] page: ([[Ball, Cheryl et al., "Integrating Multimodality in Composition Curricula: Survey Methodology and Results from a CCCC Research Grant"]]), made copy edits throughout, made layout adjustments for continuity throughout. 
Amber- created [[Authors]] pages for [[Walter Fisher]] and [[Patricia Bizzell]], added a commentary to the article summary section of [[Jim W. Corder]], made copy edits and tried to maintain continuity where it was off.

Contribution to Wiki, Spring 2012

2012-04-13T20:33:53Z

Amber B.:

Please list your name and tentative ideas for wiki contributions:

Ryan- style guide, graduate resources 
Jennifer- style guide, content 
Nicole- alphabetized [[Theories and Movements]] page, Feminist Criticism authors Condit and Japp, article summaries for Sidler and Hea, 4 added [[Glossary]] definitions. 
Noah- created [[Authors]] page for [[Cheryl E. Ball]], created an [[Article Summaries]] page: ([[Ball, Cheryl et al., "Integrating Multimodality in Composition Curricula: Survey Methodology and Results from a CCCC Research Grant"]]), made copy edits throughout, made layout adjustments for continuity throughout.
Amber- created [[Authors]] pages for [[Walter Fisher]] and [[Patricia Bizzell]], added a commentary to the article summary section of [[Jim W. Corder]], made copy edits and tried to maintain continuity where it was off.

Bizzell, Patricia, "Arguing About Literacy"

2012-04-03T18:14:23Z

Amber B.: Created page with "Bizzell’s essay aims to examine the ways two different types of literacy--the traditional, academic standard, and the type that veers away from the academic norm. She describes..."

Bizzell’s essay aims to examine the ways two different types of literacy--the traditional, academic standard, and the type that veers away from the academic norm. She describes the way minority groups of all types are often at odds with the traditional academic dialogue. She proclaims herself a supporter of “the opposition,” a supporter of change within the style of academic literacy so that it will be more accessible to all scholars. People who support the current standard, she says, want to end debate about who holds the power and what constitutes proper language usage, and end questions relating to the socio-economic and political aspects of academic literacy as it is. She examines the situation by studying students who were previously illiterate and have been taught elementary reading and writing, and then examines what she calls “cultural literacy” in the college level educational system. She examines standard literacy through the eyes of the “humanist” perspective, or the “Great Cognitive Divide” theory, as well as the social scientist lens. Cultural literacy, she says, evolved as a response to the Great Cognitive Divide, and focuses on stylistic and social aspects of knowledge as well as standard literacy. She examines the way rhetors must be “literate” of their audience, and infer and use knowledge from groups they are not a part of. She argues that teaching academic literacy needs to become constructing academic literacy, starting over at the beginning in each class. The problem she sees is that professor and student are not on equal starting ground, and no pedagogy like she has suggested has ever been created because of this foundational problem.--[[User:Amber B.|Amber B.]] 11:14, 3 April 2012 (PDT)

Patricia Bizzell

2012-04-03T18:10:56Z

Amber B.:

== Biography ==

== Article Summaries ==

[[Bizzell, Patricia, "Arguing About Literacy"]]

== Additional Works/ Publications==

==== Books ====

==== Articles/Essays ====

== Further Reading ==

== Other Scholarly Views ==

==== Agreement ====

Those authors that agree with Bizzell.

==== Opposition ====

Those authors that disagree with Bizzell.

== References ==

== External Links ==

Bizzell, Patricia

2012-04-03T17:14:09Z

Patricia Bizzell

2012-04-03T17:13:45Z

Amber B.: Created page with "== Biography == == Article Summaries == Bizzell, Patricia == Additional Works/ Publications== ==== Books ==== ==== Articles/Essays ==== == Further Reading == == Other ..."

== Biography ==

== Article Summaries ==

[[Bizzell, Patricia]]

== Additional Works/ Publications==

==== Books ====

==== Articles/Essays ====

== Further Reading ==

== Other Scholarly Views ==

==== Agreement ====

Those authors that agree with Bizzell.

==== Opposition ====

Those authors that disagree with Bizzell.

== References ==

== External Links ==

Authors

2012-04-03T17:12:58Z

Amber B.:

All authors are organized by their last names. Just click on the corresponding letter.

== A-D ==

*[[Aristotle]]
*[[Mikhail_Bakhtin|Bakhtin, Mikhail]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dennis_Baron Baron, Dennis]
*[[Roland_Barthes|Barthes, Roland]]
*[[Patricia_Bizzell|Bizzell, Patricia]]
*[[Stuart_Blythe|Blythe, Stuart]]
*[[Brent_Douglas|Brent, Douglas]]
*[[Donald_C._Bryant|Bryant, Donald C.]]
*[[Kenneth_Burke|Burke, Kenneth]]
*[[Jim_W._Corder|Corder, Jim W.]]
*[[Kevin_Eric_DePew|DePew, Kevin Eric]]
*[[Douglas_Downs|Downs, Douglas]]

== E-H ==

*[[Lisa_S._Ede|Ede, Lisa S.]]
*[[Walter_Fisher|Fisher, Walter]]
*[[Michel_Foucault|Foucault, Michel]]
*[[Michael_S._Halloran|Halloran, Michael S.]]
*[[Bill_Hart-Davidson|Hart-Davidson, Bill]]

== I-L ==

*[[Johndan_Johnson-Eilola|Johnson-Eilola, Johndan]]
*[[Steven_D._Krause|Krause, Steven D.]]
*[[John_Logie|Logie, John]]
*[[Andrea_A._Lunsford|Lunsford, Andrea A.]]

== M-P ==

*[[Richard_McKeon|McKeon, Richard]]
*[[Richard_Ohmann|Ohmann, Richard]]
*[[Mike_Palmquist|Palmquist, Mike]]
*[[Chaim_Perelman|Perelman, Chaim]]

== Q-T ==

*[[I._A._Richards|Richards, I. A.]]
*[[Ferdinand_de_Saussure|Saussure, Ferdinand de]]
*[[Robert_L._Scott|Scott, Robert L.]]
*[[Cynthia_L._Selfe|Selfe, Cynthia L.]]
*[[Richard_J._Selfe_Jr.|Selfe, Richard L.]]
*[[John_M._Slatin|Slatin, John M.]]
*[[Madeleine_Sorapure|Sorapure, Madeleine]]
*[[Stephen_Toulmin|Toulmin, Stephen]]

== U-Z ==

*[[Elizabeth_Wardle|Wardle, Elizabeth]]
*[[Richard_Weaver|Weaver, Richard]]
*[[Sean_D._Williams|Williams, Sean D.]]
*[[Kathleen_Blake_Yancey|Yancey, Kathleen Blake]]

Corder, Jim W. "Argument as Emergence, Rhetoric as Love"

2012-04-03T17:10:57Z

Amber B.:

'''Summary'''

In “Argument as Emergence, Rhetoric as Love,” [[Jim W. Corder]] claims that we are all constantly creating and adapting our own narratives and arguments as we live our lives. However, sometimes we will come across the narrative/argument of another that conflicts with or undermines ours. What to do in such a situation? Corder first references the therapeutic techniques of Carl Rogers, which were adapted to a rhetorical philosophy based on mutual understanding of the positions of each rhetor. But Corder thinks this isn’t sufficient to resolve some conflicts, as with heated political issues like abortion or war. In these situations he proposes we “see each other,” “know each other,” “be present to each other,” and “embrace each other” (421). As he writes, argument is not a display or presentation; it is an emergence towards the other: rhetoric should allow for a more commodious space in which conflicting views can coexist. Corder offers a variety of ways to facilitate this, such as learning to argue provisionally, or to remain “perpetually open and always closing” (425).

'''Additional Thoughts''' (feel free to add your own opinions here!)

Continuing with the idea of looking at and teaching arguments in the dramatic contexts in which they typically occur, I tend to agree with Corder. I know at some point in class discussion, someone mentioned that it is not helpful to put the human-condition lens on arguments when trying to study them, but I disagree. I think we need to always take human condition into account when studying anything -- especially argumentation; otherwise, what we do in the classroom is merely theory. If we can’t go out and put into practice what we are learning, then what is the point? And I believe that learning to deal with the human condition of elevated emotions -- fear, denial, anger, passion, etc -- is one of the most important things we, as rhetoricians and rhetors, can do. If we closes ourselves off to analyzing theories in a vacuum, we just might be setting ourselves up to fail in practice. (And, we are going directly against Corder’s idea of constantly opening ourselves up to the world around us.)

----

In section 9, Corder continually says that the arguer “must go alone.” However, I’m not sure there is a way for that to happen practically. Yes, in learning, one could sit and simply absorb the viewpoints and narratives of others in the class or the teacher, but then the arguer would not be alone. The second someone else (even the teacher) spoke his or her viewpoint, the arguer would no longer be alone. There is no way, I don’t think, to learn something while totally alone. In that manner you have only your own viewpoints to consider, and you are unlikely to gain new knowledge looking over things you already know, without an outside point of view. I believe that much of what Corder has to say has great value, however I do not understand how the arguer “going alone” is helpful. While it makes sense that to be silent is to be open to other perspectives, and to speak is to choose, one cannot remain silent their whole life in order to stay open. I believe a balance needs to be found in order to make Corder’s ideas work; one needs to know when to listen, and when to speak up, all while holding respect for the other’s narrative.--[[User:Amber B.|Amber B.]] 10:10, 3 April 2012 (PDT)

Fisher, Walter "Narration as a Human Communication Paradigm"

2012-04-03T17:00:12Z

Amber B.:

In this article, Fisher presents the idea of creating a narrative paradigm to use in the study of rhetoric. This paradigm, he says, would be used in situations where the Rational World Paradigm is not useful. According to Fisher, human communication should be viewed historically, as well as situationally. The narrative paradigm works on the claim that all human experiences and communication is part of a narrative, and that without said narrative, nothing can ever be fully understood. Fisher seems to agree with other rhetors we have read and believes that much of rhetoric in the rational world paradigm gets reduced to shouting over other people’s statements, and trying to prove one right answer. The narrative paradigm would seek to expand the definition of “good reasons” and “good arguments,” and teach people that public moral arguments should be more about discussing and debating which “story” is a better fit; in other words, to promote understanding and open-mindedness instead of forcing people to believe in one correct answer.--[[User:Amber B.|Amber B.]] 10:00, 3 April 2012 (PDT)

Walter Fisher

2012-04-03T16:59:58Z

Amber B.: /* Article Summaries */

== Biography ==
Walter Fisher attended the University of Iowa, where he earned his doctorate in communication studies. He focuses on rhetorical theory and criticism, political communication and argumentation. Fisher has been involved in the writing of five books and has written more than 40 articles and book chapters. He currently teaches at USC Annenberg School for Communication & Journalism[http://annenberg.usc.edu/].--[[User:Amber B.|Amber B.]] 09:59, 3 April 2012 (PDT)

== Article Summaries ==

[[Fisher, Walter "Narration as a Human Communication Paradigm"]]

Briefly, Fisher's Narrative Paradigm was in opposition of what is called the Rational World Paradigm. The key points of both are summarized below for easy comparison.

*Rational World Paradigm:
**Humans are essentially rational beings
**The primary mode of human decision-making and communicating is rational argument
**Different rules apply in different fields: legal, scientific, legislative, public and so on
**Rationality is a function of subject-matter knowledge, argumentative ability, and skill in employing the rules of advocacy
**The world is a set of logical puzzles that can be solved through appropriate analysis and the application of reason.

*Fisher's Narrative Paradigm:
**Human beings are essentially storytellers
**The primary paradigm for human decision-making and communication is “good reasons”
**Good reasons are influenced by history, biography, culture, and character
**Rationality is determined by coherence, narrative probability and narrative fidelity
**The world is a set of stories from which people choose--[[User:Amber B.|Amber B.]] 09:59, 3 April 2012 (PDT)

== Additional Works/ Publications==

==== Books ====

==== Articles/Essays ====

== Further Reading ==

== Other Scholarly Views ==

==== Agreement ====

Those authors that agree with Fisher.

==== Opposition ====

Those authors that disagree with Fisher.

== References ==
Fisher, Walter R. "Narration as a Human Communication Paradigm: The Case of Moral Public Argument." Professing the New Rhetorics: A Sourcebook. By Theresa Enos and Stuart C. Brown. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1994. 374-96. Print.

== External Links ==

Walter Fisher

2012-04-03T16:59:40Z

Amber B.: /* Biography */

== Biography ==
Walter Fisher attended the University of Iowa, where he earned his doctorate in communication studies. He focuses on rhetorical theory and criticism, political communication and argumentation. Fisher has been involved in the writing of five books and has written more than 40 articles and book chapters. He currently teaches at USC Annenberg School for Communication & Journalism[http://annenberg.usc.edu/].--[[User:Amber B.|Amber B.]] 09:59, 3 April 2012 (PDT)

== Article Summaries ==

[[Fisher, Walter "Narration as a Human Communication Paradigm"]]

Briefly, Fisher's Narrative Paradigm was in opposition of what is called the Rational World Paradigm. The key points of both are summarized below for easy comparison.

*Rational World Paradigm:
**Humans are essentially rational beings
**The primary mode of human decision-making and communicating is rational argument
**Different rules apply in different fields: legal, scientific, legislative, public and so on
**Rationality is a function of subject-matter knowledge, argumentative ability, and skill in employing the rules of advocacy
**The world is a set of logical puzzles that can be solved through appropriate analysis and the application of reason.

*Fisher's Narrative Paradigm:
**Human beings are essentially storytellers
**The primary paradigm for human decision-making and communication is “good reasons”
**Good reasons are influenced by history, biography, culture, and character
**Rationality is determined by coherence, narrative probability and narrative fidelity
**The world is a set of stories from which people choose

== Additional Works/ Publications==

==== Books ====

==== Articles/Essays ====

== Further Reading ==

== Other Scholarly Views ==

==== Agreement ====

Those authors that agree with Fisher.

==== Opposition ====

Those authors that disagree with Fisher.

== References ==
Fisher, Walter R. "Narration as a Human Communication Paradigm: The Case of Moral Public Argument." Professing the New Rhetorics: A Sourcebook. By Theresa Enos and Stuart C. Brown. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1994. 374-96. Print.

== External Links ==

Walter Fisher

2012-04-03T16:41:26Z

Amber B.: /* Article Summaries */

== Biography ==

== Article Summaries ==

[[Fisher, Walter "Narration as a Human Communication Paradigm"]]

Briefly, Fisher's Narrative Paradigm was in opposition of what is called the Rational World Paradigm. The key points of both are summarized below for easy comparison.

*Rational World Paradigm:
**Humans are essentially rational beings
**The primary mode of human decision-making and communicating is rational argument
**Different rules apply in different fields: legal, scientific, legislative, public and so on
**Rationality is a function of subject-matter knowledge, argumentative ability, and skill in employing the rules of advocacy
**The world is a set of logical puzzles that can be solved through appropriate analysis and the application of reason.

*Fisher's Narrative Paradigm:
**Human beings are essentially storytellers
**The primary paradigm for human decision-making and communication is “good reasons”
**Good reasons are influenced by history, biography, culture, and character
**Rationality is determined by coherence, narrative probability and narrative fidelity
**The world is a set of stories from which people choose

== Additional Works/ Publications==

==== Books ====

==== Articles/Essays ====

== Further Reading ==

== Other Scholarly Views ==

==== Agreement ====

Those authors that agree with Fisher.

==== Opposition ====

Those authors that disagree with Fisher.

== References ==
Fisher, Walter R. "Narration as a Human Communication Paradigm: The Case of Moral Public Argument." Professing the New Rhetorics: A Sourcebook. By Theresa Enos and Stuart C. Brown. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1994. 374-96. Print.

== External Links ==

Walter Fisher

2012-04-03T16:34:20Z

Amber B.:

== Biography ==

== Article Summaries ==

[[Fisher, Walter "Narration as a Human Communication Paradigm"]]

== Additional Works/ Publications==

==== Books ====

==== Articles/Essays ====

== Further Reading ==

== Other Scholarly Views ==

==== Agreement ====

Those authors that agree with Fisher.

==== Opposition ====

Those authors that disagree with Fisher.

== References ==
Fisher, Walter R. "Narration as a Human Communication Paradigm: The Case of Moral Public Argument." Professing the New Rhetorics: A Sourcebook. By Theresa Enos and Stuart C. Brown. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1994. 374-96. Print.

== External Links ==

Walter Fisher

2012-04-03T16:32:05Z

Amber B.:

Fisher, Walter "Narration as a Human Communication Paradigm"

2012-04-03T16:31:31Z

Amber B.: Created page with "In this article, Fisher presents the idea of creating a narrative paradigm to use in the study of rhetoric. This paradigm, he says, would be used in situations where the Rational..."

Walter Fisher

2012-04-03T16:30:14Z

Amber B.: Created page with "In need of a summary. == Biography == == Article Summaries == Fisher, Walter "Narration as a Human Communication Paradigm" == Additional Works/ Publications== ==== Books..."

In need of a summary.

== Biography ==

== Article Summaries ==

[[Fisher, Walter "Narration as a Human Communication Paradigm"]]

== Additional Works/ Publications==

==== Books ====

==== Articles/Essays ====

== Further Reading ==

== Other Scholarly Views ==

==== Agreement ====

Those authors that agree with Brent.

==== Opposition ====

Those authors that disagree with Brent.

== References ==

== External Links ==

Authors

2012-04-03T16:26:44Z

Amber B.: /* E-H */

All authors are organized by their last names. Just click on the corresponding letter.

== A-D ==

*[[Aristotle]]
*[[Mikhail_Bakhtin|Bakhtin, Mikhail]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dennis_Baron Baron, Dennis]
*[[Roland_Barthes|Barthes, Roland]]
*[[Stuart_Blythe|Blythe, Stuart]]
*[[Brent_Douglas|Brent, Douglas]]
*[[Donald_C._Bryant|Bryant, Donald C.]]
*[[Kenneth_Burke|Burke, Kenneth]]
*[[Jim_W._Corder|Corder, Jim W.]]
*[[Kevin_Eric_DePew|DePew, Kevin Eric]]
*[[Douglas_Downs|Downs, Douglas]]

== E-H ==

*[[Lisa_S._Ede|Ede, Lisa S.]]
*[[Michel_Foucault|Foucault, Michel]]
*[[Michael_S._Halloran|Halloran, Michael S.]]
*[[Bill_Hart-Davidson|Hart-Davidson, Bill]]
*[[Walter_Fisher|Fisher, Walter]]

== I-L ==

*[[Johndan_Johnson-Eilola|Johnson-Eilola, Johndan]]
*[[Steven_D._Krause|Krause, Steven D.]]
*[[John_Logie|Logie, John]]
*[[Andrea_A._Lunsford|Lunsford, Andrea A.]]

== M-P ==

*[[Richard_McKeon|McKeon, Richard]]
*[[Richard_Ohmann|Ohmann, Richard]]
*[[Mike_Palmquist|Palmquist, Mike]]
*[[Chaim_Perelman|Perelman, Chaim]]

== Q-T ==

*[[I._A._Richards|Richards, I. A.]]
*[[Ferdinand_de_Saussure|Saussure, Ferdinand de]]
*[[Robert_L._Scott|Scott, Robert L.]]
*[[Cynthia_L._Selfe|Selfe, Cynthia L.]]
*[[Richard_J._Selfe_Jr.|Selfe, Richard L.]]
*[[John_M._Slatin|Slatin, John M.]]
*[[Madeleine_Sorapure|Sorapure, Madeleine]]
*[[Stephen_Toulmin|Toulmin, Stephen]]

== U-Z ==

*[[Elizabeth_Wardle|Wardle, Elizabeth]]
*[[Richard_Weaver|Weaver, Richard]]
*[[Sean_D._Williams|Williams, Sean D.]]
*[[Kathleen_Blake_Yancey|Yancey, Kathleen Blake]]