RhetorClick - User contributions [en]

https://rhetorclick.com/index.php?feed=atom&target=Gretchen&title=Special%3AContributions%2FGretchen RhetorClick - User contributions [en] 2026-05-07T06:01:16Z From RhetorClick MediaWiki 1.16.1 https://rhetorclick.com/wiki/Contribution_to_Wiki,_Spring_2012 Contribution to Wiki, Spring 2012 2012-04-13T21:32:03Z

<p>Gretchen: </p> <hr /> <div>Please list your name and tentative ideas for wiki contributions: <br /> <br /> '''Ryan'''- style guide, graduate resources<br><br /> '''Jennifer'''- style guide, content<br><br /> '''Nicole'''- alphabetized [[Theories and Movements]] page, Feminist Criticism authors Condit and Japp, article summaries for Sidler and Hea, 4 added [[Glossary]] definitions. <br><br /> '''Noah'''- created [[Authors]] page for [[Cheryl E. Ball]], created an [[Article Summaries]] page: ([[Ball, Cheryl et al., "Integrating Multimodality in Composition Curricula: Survey Methodology and Results from a CCCC Research Grant"]]), made copy edits throughout, made layout adjustments for continuity throughout.<br><br /> '''Amber'''- created [[Authors]] pages for [[Walter Fisher]] and [[Patricia Bizzell]], added a commentary to the article summary section of [[Jim W. Corder]], added terms to [[Glossary]], and made copy edits and tried to maintain continuity where it was off. <br><br /> '''Gretchen'''- added biography, article summary, additional reading, and footnote references for [[Stuart Blythe]]; added 14 terms (comprehensive sampling, convenience sampling, criterion sampling, data coding, evidentials, latent content, manifest content, method, methodology, nonverbal units, random sampling, rhetorical units, t-units, and verbal units) to [[Glossary]]</div>

Gretchen https://rhetorclick.com/wiki/Stuart_Blythe Stuart Blythe 2012-04-13T21:30:22Z

<p>Gretchen: /* Article Summaries */</p> <hr /> <div>== Biography ==<br /> <br /> Stuart Blythe is an associate professor in the Department of English and Linguistics at Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne, where he teaches courses in writing, multimedia, editing, and the teaching of composition. His recent work has appeared in <em>College Composition and Communication</em>, <em>Computers and Composition</em>, the <em>Journal of Business and Technical Communication</em>, and <em>Works and Days</em>. <ref name="Bio">McKee, Heidi A., and Danielle Nicole DeVoss, eds. Digital Writing Research. Cresskill: Hampton Press, Inc., 2007. Print.</ref><br /> <br /> == Article Summaries ==<br /> <br /> [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]]<br /> <br /> Stuart Blythe mainly attempts to show that digital coding of texts is important for studying patterns in human behavior. He explains that the method is important to perform/provide the best research possible, and can reveal a lot about the creator’s intentions and attitudes toward the subject. Methodology can reveal more information about how data is received to answer questions like “who is involved”, “what is their view”, and “how often do they participate”. <ref name="Coding Digital Texts">Blythe, Stuart. "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia" Digital Writing Research. Ed. Heidi A. McKee and Danielle Nicole DeVoss. Cresskill: Hampton Press, Inc., 1997. 203-227. Print.</ref><br /> <br /> Still, it is limited in not being able to explain why unless analyzed using critical research that aims to benefit the participants and the public as much as the researcher. In digital data coding, the participant may help in performing the research and learn about the patterns they use in order to reflect on personal attitudes and actions. Reflection, Blythe argues, is extremely important because it may show new doors worth opening and a continued expansion of understanding. Essentially, “the key,” as Blythe puts it, is to approach digital data coding with the ability to put the pieces together/see the patterns “in order to create a more complete picture.”<br /> <br /> == Additional Works/Publications ==<br /> <br /> == Further Readings ==<br /> <br /> Thomas, Sari. “Artifactual Study In The Analysis Of Culture: A Defense Of Content Analysis In A Postmodern Age.” Communication Research 21.6 (1994): 683-697. PsycINFO. Web.<br /> <br /> == Other Scholarly Views ==<br /> <br /> ==== Agreement ====<br /> <br /> Those authors that agree with Blythe.<br /> <br /> ==== Opposition ====<br /> <br /> Those authors that disagree with Blythe.<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> <references><br /> <ref name="Bio">McKee, Heidi A., and Danielle Nicole DeVoss, eds. Digital Writing Research. Cresskill: Hampton Press, Inc., 2007. Print.</ref><br><br /> <ref name="Coding Digital Texts">Blythe, Stuart. "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia" Digital Writing Research. Ed. Heidi A. McKee and Danielle Nicole DeVoss. Cresskill: Hampton Press, Inc., 1997. 203-227. Print.</ref><br /> </references><br /> <br /> == External Links ==</div>

Gretchen https://rhetorclick.com/wiki/Stuart_Blythe Stuart Blythe 2012-04-13T21:29:08Z

<p>Gretchen: /* Biography */</p> <hr /> <div>== Biography ==<br /> <br /> Stuart Blythe is an associate professor in the Department of English and Linguistics at Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne, where he teaches courses in writing, multimedia, editing, and the teaching of composition. His recent work has appeared in <em>College Composition and Communication</em>, <em>Computers and Composition</em>, the <em>Journal of Business and Technical Communication</em>, and <em>Works and Days</em>. <ref name="Bio">McKee, Heidi A., and Danielle Nicole DeVoss, eds. Digital Writing Research. Cresskill: Hampton Press, Inc., 2007. Print.</ref><br /> <br /> == Article Summaries ==<br /> <br /> [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]]<br /> <br /> Stuart Blythe mainly attempts to show that digital coding of texts is important for studying patterns in human behavior. He explains that the method is important to perform/provide the best research possible, and can reveal a lot about the creator’s intentions and attitudes toward the subject. Methodology can reveal more information about how data is received to answer questions like “who is involved”, “what is their view”, and “how often do they participate”. <br /> <br /> Still, it is limited in not being able to explain why unless analyzed using critical research that aims to benefit the participants and the public as much as the researcher. In digital data coding, the participant may help in performing the research and learn about the patterns they use in order to reflect on personal attitudes and actions. Reflection, Blythe argues, is extremely important because it may show new doors worth opening and a continued expansion of understanding. Essentially, “the key,” as Blythe puts it, is to approach digital data coding with the ability to put the pieces together/see the patterns “in order to create a more complete picture.”<br /> <br /> == Additional Works/Publications ==<br /> <br /> == Further Readings ==<br /> <br /> Thomas, Sari. “Artifactual Study In The Analysis Of Culture: A Defense Of Content Analysis In A Postmodern Age.” Communication Research 21.6 (1994): 683-697. PsycINFO. Web.<br /> <br /> == Other Scholarly Views ==<br /> <br /> ==== Agreement ====<br /> <br /> Those authors that agree with Blythe.<br /> <br /> ==== Opposition ====<br /> <br /> Those authors that disagree with Blythe.<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> <references><br /> <ref name="Bio">McKee, Heidi A., and Danielle Nicole DeVoss, eds. Digital Writing Research. Cresskill: Hampton Press, Inc., 2007. Print.</ref><br><br /> <ref name="Coding Digital Texts">Blythe, Stuart. "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia" Digital Writing Research. Ed. Heidi A. McKee and Danielle Nicole DeVoss. Cresskill: Hampton Press, Inc., 1997. 203-227. Print.</ref><br /> </references><br /> <br /> == External Links ==</div>

Gretchen https://rhetorclick.com/wiki/Stuart_Blythe Stuart Blythe 2012-04-13T21:28:15Z

<p>Gretchen: /* References */</p> <hr /> <div>== Biography ==<br /> <br /> Stuart Blythe is an associate professor in the Department of English and Linguistics at Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne, where he teaches courses in writing, multimedia, editing, and the teaching of composition. His recent work has appeared in <em>College Composition and Communication</em>, <em>Computers and Composition</em>, the <em>Journal of Business and Technical Communication</em>, and <em>Works and Days</em>. <ref>McKee, Heidi A., and Danielle Nicole DeVoss, eds. Digital Writing Research. Cresskill: Hampton Press, Inc., 2007. Print.</ref><br /> <br /> == Article Summaries ==<br /> <br /> [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]]<br /> <br /> Stuart Blythe mainly attempts to show that digital coding of texts is important for studying patterns in human behavior. He explains that the method is important to perform/provide the best research possible, and can reveal a lot about the creator’s intentions and attitudes toward the subject. Methodology can reveal more information about how data is received to answer questions like “who is involved”, “what is their view”, and “how often do they participate”. <br /> <br /> Still, it is limited in not being able to explain why unless analyzed using critical research that aims to benefit the participants and the public as much as the researcher. In digital data coding, the participant may help in performing the research and learn about the patterns they use in order to reflect on personal attitudes and actions. Reflection, Blythe argues, is extremely important because it may show new doors worth opening and a continued expansion of understanding. Essentially, “the key,” as Blythe puts it, is to approach digital data coding with the ability to put the pieces together/see the patterns “in order to create a more complete picture.”<br /> <br /> == Additional Works/Publications ==<br /> <br /> == Further Readings ==<br /> <br /> Thomas, Sari. “Artifactual Study In The Analysis Of Culture: A Defense Of Content Analysis In A Postmodern Age.” Communication Research 21.6 (1994): 683-697. PsycINFO. Web.<br /> <br /> == Other Scholarly Views ==<br /> <br /> ==== Agreement ====<br /> <br /> Those authors that agree with Blythe.<br /> <br /> ==== Opposition ====<br /> <br /> Those authors that disagree with Blythe.<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> <references><br /> <ref name="Bio">McKee, Heidi A., and Danielle Nicole DeVoss, eds. Digital Writing Research. Cresskill: Hampton Press, Inc., 2007. Print.</ref><br><br /> <ref name="Coding Digital Texts">Blythe, Stuart. "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia" Digital Writing Research. Ed. Heidi A. McKee and Danielle Nicole DeVoss. Cresskill: Hampton Press, Inc., 1997. 203-227. Print.</ref><br /> </references><br /> <br /> == External Links ==</div>

Gretchen https://rhetorclick.com/wiki/Stuart_Blythe Stuart Blythe 2012-04-13T21:17:04Z

<p>Gretchen: /* Biography */</p> <hr /> <div>== Biography ==<br /> <br /> Stuart Blythe is an associate professor in the Department of English and Linguistics at Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne, where he teaches courses in writing, multimedia, editing, and the teaching of composition. His recent work has appeared in <em>College Composition and Communication</em>, <em>Computers and Composition</em>, the <em>Journal of Business and Technical Communication</em>, and <em>Works and Days</em>. <ref>McKee, Heidi A., and Danielle Nicole DeVoss, eds. Digital Writing Research. Cresskill: Hampton Press, Inc., 2007. Print.</ref><br /> <br /> == Article Summaries ==<br /> <br /> [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]]<br /> <br /> Stuart Blythe mainly attempts to show that digital coding of texts is important for studying patterns in human behavior. He explains that the method is important to perform/provide the best research possible, and can reveal a lot about the creator’s intentions and attitudes toward the subject. Methodology can reveal more information about how data is received to answer questions like “who is involved”, “what is their view”, and “how often do they participate”. <br /> <br /> Still, it is limited in not being able to explain why unless analyzed using critical research that aims to benefit the participants and the public as much as the researcher. In digital data coding, the participant may help in performing the research and learn about the patterns they use in order to reflect on personal attitudes and actions. Reflection, Blythe argues, is extremely important because it may show new doors worth opening and a continued expansion of understanding. Essentially, “the key,” as Blythe puts it, is to approach digital data coding with the ability to put the pieces together/see the patterns “in order to create a more complete picture.”<br /> <br /> == Additional Works/Publications ==<br /> <br /> == Further Readings ==<br /> <br /> Thomas, Sari. “Artifactual Study In The Analysis Of Culture: A Defense Of Content Analysis In A Postmodern Age.” Communication Research 21.6 (1994): 683-697. PsycINFO. Web.<br /> <br /> == Other Scholarly Views ==<br /> <br /> ==== Agreement ====<br /> <br /> Those authors that agree with Blythe.<br /> <br /> ==== Opposition ====<br /> <br /> Those authors that disagree with Blythe.<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> Blythe, Stuart. "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia" Digital Writing Research. Ed. Heidi A. McKee and Danielle Nicole DeVoss. Cresskill: Hampton Press, Inc., 1997. 203-227. Print.<br /> <br /> McKee, Heidi A., and Danielle Nicole DeVoss, eds. Digital Writing Research. Cresskill: Hampton Press, Inc., 2007. Print.<br /> <br /> == External Links ==</div>

Gretchen https://rhetorclick.com/wiki/Contribution_to_Wiki,_Spring_2012 Contribution to Wiki, Spring 2012 2012-04-13T21:13:54Z

<p>Gretchen: </p> <hr /> <div>Please list your name and tentative ideas for wiki contributions: <br /> <br /> '''Ryan'''- style guide, graduate resources<br><br /> '''Jennifer'''- style guide, content<br><br /> '''Nicole'''- alphabetized [[Theories and Movements]] page, Feminist Criticism authors Condit and Japp, article summaries for Sidler and Hea, 4 added [[Glossary]] definitions. <br><br /> '''Noah'''- created [[Authors]] page for [[Cheryl E. Ball]], created an [[Article Summaries]] page: ([[Ball, Cheryl et al., "Integrating Multimodality in Composition Curricula: Survey Methodology and Results from a CCCC Research Grant"]]), made copy edits throughout, made layout adjustments for continuity throughout.<br><br /> '''Amber'''- created [[Authors]] pages for [[Walter Fisher]] and [[Patricia Bizzell]], added a commentary to the article summary section of [[Jim W. Corder]], added terms to [[Glossary]], and made copy edits and tried to maintain continuity where it was off. <br><br /> '''Gretchen'''- added biography, article summary, additional reading, and resources for [[Stuart Blythe]]; added 14 terms (comprehensive sampling, convenience sampling, criterion sampling, data coding, evidentials, latent content, manifest content, method, methodology, nonverbal units, random sampling, rhetorical units, t-units, and verbal units) to [[Glossary]]</div>

Gretchen https://rhetorclick.com/wiki/Contribution_to_Wiki,_Spring_2012 Contribution to Wiki, Spring 2012 2012-04-13T21:13:21Z

<p>Gretchen: </p> <hr /> <div>Please list your name and tentative ideas for wiki contributions: <br /> <br /> '''Ryan'''- style guide, graduate resources<br><br /> '''Jennifer'''- style guide, content<br><br /> '''Nicole'''- alphabetized [[Theories and Movements]] page, Feminist Criticism authors Condit and Japp, article summaries for Sidler and Hea, 4 added [[Glossary]] definitions. <br><br /> '''Noah'''- created [[Authors]] page for [[Cheryl E. Ball]], created an [[Article Summaries]] page: ([[Ball, Cheryl et al., "Integrating Multimodality in Composition Curricula: Survey Methodology and Results from a CCCC Research Grant"]]), made copy edits throughout, made layout adjustments for continuity throughout.<br><br /> '''Amber'''- created [[Authors]] pages for [[Walter Fisher]] and [[Patricia Bizzell]], added a commentary to the article summary section of [[Jim W. Corder]], added terms to [[Glossary]], and made copy edits and tried to maintain continuity where it was off. <br><br /> '''Gretchen'''- Added biography, article summary, additional reading, and resources for [[Stuart Blythe]]; added 14 terms (comprehensive sampling, convenience sampling, criterion sampling, data coding, evidentials, latent content, manifest content, method, methodology, nonverbal units, random sampling, rhetorical units, t-units, and verbal units) to [[Glossary]]</div>

Gretchen https://rhetorclick.com/wiki/Contribution_to_Wiki,_Spring_2012 Contribution to Wiki, Spring 2012 2012-04-13T21:12:40Z

<p>Gretchen: </p> <hr /> <div>Please list your name and tentative ideas for wiki contributions: <br /> <br /> Ryan- style guide, graduate resources<br><br /> Jennifer- style guide, content<br><br /> Nicole- alphabetized [[Theories and Movements]] page, Feminist Criticism authors Condit and Japp, article summaries for Sidler and Hea, 4 added [[Glossary]] definitions. <br><br /> Noah- created [[Authors]] page for [[Cheryl E. Ball]], created an [[Article Summaries]] page: ([[Ball, Cheryl et al., "Integrating Multimodality in Composition Curricula: Survey Methodology and Results from a CCCC Research Grant"]]), made copy edits throughout, made layout adjustments for continuity throughout.<br><br /> Amber- created [[Authors]] pages for [[Walter Fisher]] and [[Patricia Bizzell]], added a commentary to the article summary section of [[Jim W. Corder]], added terms to [[Glossary]], and made copy edits and tried to maintain continuity where it was off. <br><br /> Gretchen - Added biography, article summary, additional reading, and resources for [[Stuart Blythe]]; added 14 terms (comprehensive sampling, convenience sampling, criterion sampling, data coding, evidentials, latent content, manifest content, method, methodology, nonverbal units, random sampling, rhetorical units, t-units, and verbal units) to [[Glossary]]</div>

Gretchen https://rhetorclick.com/wiki/Contribution_to_Wiki,_Spring_2012 Contribution to Wiki, Spring 2012 2012-04-13T21:12:20Z

<p>Gretchen: </p> <hr /> <div>Please list your name and tentative ideas for wiki contributions: <br /> <br /> Ryan- style guide, graduate resources<br><br /> Jennifer- style guide, content<br><br /> Nicole- alphabetized [[Theories and Movements]] page, Feminist Criticism authors Condit and Japp, article summaries for Sidler and Hea, 4 added [[Glossary]] definitions. <br><br /> Noah- created [[Authors]] page for [[Cheryl E. Ball]], created an [[Article Summaries]] page: ([[Ball, Cheryl et al., "Integrating Multimodality in Composition Curricula: Survey Methodology and Results from a CCCC Research Grant"]]), made copy edits throughout, made layout adjustments for continuity throughout.<br><br /> Amber- created [[Authors]] pages for [[Walter Fisher]] and [[Patricia Bizzell]], added a commentary to the article summary section of [[Jim W. Corder]], added terms to [[Glossary]], and made copy edits and tried to maintain continuity where it was off.<br /> Gretchen - Added biography, article summary, additional reading, and resources for [[Stuart Blythe]]; added 14 terms (comprehensive sampling, convenience sampling, criterion sampling, data coding, evidentials, latent content, manifest content, method, methodology, nonverbal units, random sampling, rhetorical units, t-units, and verbal units) to [[Glossary]]</div>

Gretchen https://rhetorclick.com/wiki/Glossary Glossary 2012-04-13T21:11:57Z

<p>Gretchen: /* D */</p> <hr /> <div>This page is dedicated to key terms from the readings.<br /> <br /> <br /> == A ==<br /> <br /> *'''Adumbration:''' the act of providing vague advance indications of a concept to come; also known as "prefiguration" (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]]) <br /> *'''Aesthetics''': study of the mind and emotions in relation to the sense of beauty (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Affective fallacy''': coined by Wimsatt and Berdsley, the mistake of confusing a rhetorical artifact with its result; evaluating literature by its affect on the reader(see [["How to Read a Page" by I. A. Richards]])<br /> * '''Agency''': The ability to act and communicate (See [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process"]])<br /> *'''Agitator:''' someone who urges others to protest or rebel (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Aleatoric''': chaotic; random; according to chance (see [[Ede, Lisa S. and Andrea A. Lunsford "On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric"]])<br /> *'''Ancillary:''' providing necessary but secondary support to an organization, institution, or industry (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Animism''': the spiritual belief, subscribed to by Aristotle, that all objects have souls (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Antistrophos''': counterpart; opposite companion (see [[Ede, Lisa S. and Andrea A. Lunsford "On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric"]])<br /> *'''Antithetical''': in direct and unequivocal opposition (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Antilogy''': a contradiction in terms or ideas (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Aphorism''': a pithy observation that contains a general truth(see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Apodictic philosophy''': something demonstrated therefore true (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Articulation:''': a connection or linking of parts to form a unity. (see [[Hea, Amy C. Kimme "Riding The Wave"]])<br /> *'''Articulation Theory''': is well-suited to examinations of technology because it addresses a range of cultural concerns manifest in the design, development, production, circulation, and consumption of technologies. (see [[Hea, Amy C. Kimme "Riding The Wave"]])<br /> *'''Axiological:''' relating to the study of values (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> *'''Axiom''': a self-evident truth that requires no proof (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> <br /> == B ==<br /> *'''Backing''': in the [[Toulmin Model of Argument]], a fact or set of facts that support an argument's warrant (see [[Toulmin, Stephen "The Layout of Arguments"]])<br /> *'''Bombast''': pretentious or inflated speech or writing<br /> *'''Bricolage''': in art or literature, construction or creation from a diverse range of available things (see [[April 5 Class Notes]])<br /> <br /> == C ==<br /> <br /> <br /> *'''Canonical''': accepted as being accurate and authoritative (see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Categorical imperative''': the philosophical concept proposed by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanuel_Kant Immanuel Kant] that moral obligations are binding in all circumstances, regardless of positive or negative consequences (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Chariot allegory''': Socrates compares the soul to chariot horses and their rider. He believes the soul (chariot rider) is immortal and consists of one good horse and one bad horse. The soul is in constant struggle balancing and choosing between the two horses. Through the good soul only, the chariot can make it to eternity or heaven (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> *'''Classical rhetoric''': theory of persuasive discourse (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Close reading''': meticulous, word-level interpretation, rather than general analysis; has greatly influenced modern criticism (Richards [[February 1 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Compendia''': a brief summary of a larger work or of a field of knowledge (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Comprehensive Sampling''': small enough to code every item (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Continuum''': a continuous spectrum; a sequence in which the extremes are quite distinct while individual adjacent elements are similar (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Convenience Sampling''': readily available item(s) with little credibility alone (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Criterion Sampling''': texts meet certain criteria such as textual features, author attributes, intended audience, or types of media (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> <br /> == D ==<br /> <br /> *'''Data Coding''': the act of sorting and classifying to quantitatively assess certain aspects of an entity; a five-step process including identifying a set of artifacts, defining a unit worth analyzing within the set, creating codes to classify instances of that unit, testing the reliability of the work, and making it all public (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Datum''':<br /> *'''Death of the Author''': Roland Barthe's essay argues that the author's personal background should be irrelevant to interpretation of his or her writing; the concept proposed in the essay (see [[Barthes, Roland "Death of the Author"]])<br /> *'''Deictic''': denoting a word or expression whose meaning is dependent on the context in which it is used (see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Dialectic''': two-sided dialogue, formal argumentation system, conversation (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Doxa''': constantly evolving day-to-day knowledge, sometimes culturally based (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Dialectical reasoning''': moving back and forth between contrary lines of reasoning examing both arguments (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Diachronic''': relating to phenomena, often literary or cultural, as they occur or change over a period of time (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Dispositio''': the system used for the organization of arguments in Western classical rhetoric (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> <br /> == E ==<br /> *'''Ecriture''': the idea that a text's author becomes a "transcendental anonymity"; the French word for "writing"(see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Elocutio''': the mastery of stylistic elements in Western classical rhetoric and comes from the Latin ''loqui'', "to speak" (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Endoxa''': <br /> *'''Entelechy''': a realization or actuality as opposed to a potentiality; the actualization of form-giving cause as contrasted with potential existence (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Enthymeme''': abbreviated form of a syllogism which assumes one of two premises is a given (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Episteme''': knowledge of the absolute, eternal truth (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Esperanto''': an artificial international language based as far as possible on words common to the chief European languages (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Ethos''': the persuasive appeal of one's character, credibility, or apparent trustworthiness, especially how this character is established by means of speech or discourse (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]]<br /> *'''Etymology''': the study of the history of words and their evolution over time (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Evidentials''': a form of metadiscourse used to express attitudes toward knowledge (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Existentialism''': a philosophical theory emphasizing the individual as a free and responsible agent determining his or her own development through acts of the will (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Exegesis''': interpretation of a text often exploring its historical context and seeking to identify its cultural significance (see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Exordium''': the introduction, especially of a discourse or treatise (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Extrinsic''': not part of the essential nature of someone or something (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> <br /> == F ==<br /> *'''Fallacious''': containing or based on a fallacy (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> *'''Forensic speaking''': use of rhetoric to attack or defend someone in a judicial setting; defined by [[Aristotle]] as one of three forms of rhetoric (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> <br /> == G ==<br /> *'''Gaze''': to see, accidentally or on purpose, behind the curtain of public disclosure and into the private lives of research subjects. (see [[Sidler, Michelle "Playing Scavenger and Gazer with Scientific Discourse: Opportunities and Ethics for Online Research"]])<br /> * '''Genre''': a continuous and structured activity; anything that a large group of people do similarly (see [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process" ]])<br /> * '''Genre agents''': documents and websites which offer key information involved in the genre process (see [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process" ]] ) <br /> * '''Genre field''': everything that goes into making a genre (see [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process"]])<br /> <br /> == H ==<br /> <br /> *'''Heteroglossia''': the qualities of a language (such as ideology, perspective, etc.) that are extralinguistic but common to all languages (see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Bakhtin#The_Dialogic_Imagination:_Chronotope.2C_Heteroglossia The Dialogic Imagination])<br /> *'''Homonymy''': the relation between two words that are spelled the same way but differ in meaning (see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Hypertext''': non-sequential, often digital, writing; writing "in which the logical connections between elements are primarily associative rather than syllogistic" (Slatin [[March 22 Class Notes]])<br /> <br /> == I ==<br /> *'''Inventio''': the system or method used for the discovery of arguments in Western rhetoric (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Intentional fallacy''': the concept that an author's words alone, not intent, should be examined because an author's mind can never be truly known (Richards [[February 1 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Interpretant''': how a person perceives a sign or representation (Peirce [[January 25 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Inter-textual variations''': differences in the way texts are structured through alphanumeric cues (headings and numbers), spatial cues (horizontal and vertical distribution of text) and graphic cues (bullets, arrows, lines, etc.) (see [https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/alred/www/pdf/kostelnick-rhetoricoftext.pdf Rhetoric of Text])<br /> *'''Intra-textual variations''': changes in typography and design within a document (see [https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/alred/www/pdf/kostelnick-rhetoricoftext.pdf Rhetoric of Text])<br /> *'''Inventio''': the system or method used for the discovery of arguments in Western rhetoric (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Isomorphous''': being of identical or similar form, shape, or structure (see [["Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences" by Mikhail Bakhtin]])<br /> *'''Instrumental value judgment''': an argument that uses values as a means to alread accepted ends, or as obstacles to their attainment (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Intuitionism''': the theory that primary truths and principles, especially those of ethics and metaphysics, are known through intuition rather than learning (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> <br /> == J ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == K ==<br /> <br /> *'''Krisis''': point of judgment, moment of decision (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> <br /> == L ==<br /> <br /> *'''Latent Content''': focus on underlying meaning (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Lexia''': parts of a text that are separated from the meaning of the work as a whole to show the multiplicity of meaning and references<br /> *'''Logology''': study of language and symbols (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Logomachies''': a dispute over or about words<br /> *'''Logos''': the logical appeal that attempts to persuade the audience using intellect and reason (Persuasive appeals: [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Logical empiricism''': the school of philosophy that combines empiricism (the idea that observational evidence is indispensable for knowledge of the world) with a version of rationalism incorporating mathematical and logico-linguistic constructs (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> <br /> == M ==<br /> <br /> *'''Manifest Content''': observable in a text, easy to spot, measured quantitatively (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Method''': procedures and techniques, such as content, discourse, and genre analysis (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Methodology''': assumptions and theories; “the underlying theory and analysis of how research does or should proceed” – Kirsch and Sullivan (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Modal Qualifiers''':<br /> <br /> == N ==<br /> *'''Natura naturans''': nature doing what nature does (see [["Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences" by Mikhail Bakhtin]])<br /> *'''Natura naurata''': nature already created (see [["Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences" by Mikhail Bakhtin]])<br /> *'''New Criticism''': a movement that viewed texts as completely autonomous (Richards [[February 1 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''New Rhetoric''': theory of argumentation (See [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Node''': any object which is linked to another object (Slatin [[March 22 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Nominalism''': the belief that universals are mere names without any reality (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> *'''Nonverbal Units''': help explore how something is communicated through physical phenomena (gestures, facial expressions) or aspects of speech (loudness, pitch, rate of speech) (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Narrative paradigm''': [[Walter Fisher]]'s theory that all forms of communication are a type of storytelling, and all human experience evolves as a type of "narrative." This was in contrast to the [[Rational World Paradigm]])<br /> <br /> == O ==<br /> <br /> *'''Object''': the action you take (Peirce [[January 25 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Organon''': an instrument for acquiring knowledge; specifically, a body of principles of scientific or philosophic investigation (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Orthographic''': projection of a single view of an object onto a drawing surface in which the lines of projection are perpendicular to the drawing surface (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> <br /> == P ==<br /> *'''Parlance''': a particular way of speaking or using words, especially a way common to those with a particular job or interest (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Paradeigma''': use of example or anecdotal evidence to prove a point (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Pathos''': the appeal to emotion and shared values; often used in advertising and thought to be manipulative but also extrmeely effective (Persuasive appeals: [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]]<br /> *'''Pejorative''': a word or phrase that has negative connotations or that is intended to disparage or belittle (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Perennial''': continuing without interruption (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Phoneme''': a unit of the phonetic system of a language that corresponds to a set of similar speech sounds perceived to be a single distinctive sound in the language (e.g., the velar \k\ of cool and the palatal \k\ of keel) (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Pisteis''': proofs, persuasive appeals: (logos, ethos, pathos); artistic (logical, logos, nonlogical, ethos and pathos) and inartistic (tangible evidence) (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> * '''Play theory''': the theory that any and all activities have rules, specific outcomes, and some sort of strategy to win (See [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process"]] )<br /> * '''Player agents''': people involved in the process of play theory (See [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process"]] )<br /> *'''Poeis''': fine arts (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Polyglossia''': the hybrid nature of language (see [[Mikhail Bakhtin]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Bakhtin#The_Dialogic_Imagination:_Chronotope.2C_Heteroglossia The Dialogic Imagination]<br /> *'''Positivist empiricism''': emphasizes role of experience and evidence especially sensory perception (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Priori''': relating to or derived by reasoning from self-evident propositions (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Promulgation''': to make known by open declaration; publish; proclaim formally or put into operation (a law, decree of a court, etc.). (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Proofs''': Justification, reasoning, argumentation. (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> <br /> == Q ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == R ==<br /> <br /> *'''Random Sampling''': assign a number to each element in the overall set, then use a random number generator to randomly select from the set (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Rationalism''': truth is not sensory, but intellectual and deductive. You only know thought through deductive reasoning. (See [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Rationalistic idealism''': criterion of truth is not sensory but intelluctual and deductive (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Rediscovers''': the effects of analogy or isomorphism with current forms of knowledge that allow the perception of forgotten or obscured figures (See [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Representame'''n: what something represents to you personally (creates in the mind of that person an equivalent sign, or perhaps a more developed sign) (Peirce [[January 25 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Rhetoric''': (see [[Definitions of Rhetoric]])<br /> *'''Rhetorical Units''': a rhetorical move with the same author, intended audience, and purpose, which can vary in length (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> <br /> == S ==<br /> *'''Scavenge''': plucking discourse of many types from multiple sources, both historical and (near) real-time. (see [[Sidler, Michelle "Playing Scavenger and Gazer with Scientific Discourse: Opportunities and Ethics for Online Research"]])<br /> *'''Semantic''': of or relating to meaning in language (see [["Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences" by Mikhail Bakhtin]])<br /> *'''Semiology''': the study of signs (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Signified''': concept in the mind (not a thing but the notion of a thing) (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Signifier''': the material (or physical form) of the sign (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Spatiotemporal:''' Belonging to both space and time or to space-time (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> *'''Syllogism''': logical/deductive, conclusion resting on 2 premises (major, minor, conclusion) (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Supra-Textual Structuring''': affects the document globally, with section titles, page headers, tabs, page size, orientation, the placement of extra-textual elements (e.g. data display and pictures), icons, page color, and various line, textures, and marks. Supra-textual cues create visual coherence among units in a document (see [https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/alred/www/pdf/kostelnick-rhetoricoftext.pdf Rhetoric of Text])<br /> *'''Synchronic''': concerned with events existing in a limited time period and ignoring historical antecedents (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Suasory:''' Tending to persuade. (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]]) <br /> *'''Subjectivism''': doctrine that knowledge is merely subjective and that there is no external or objective truth (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Subverter''': to pervert or corrupt by an undermining of morals, allegiance, or faith (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> <br /> == T ==<br /> <br /> *'''T-Units''': “consist of a principle clause and any subordinate clauses or nonclausal structures attached to or embedded in it” – Geisler (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Tautologies''': a phrase or expression in which the same thing is said twice in different words; a statement that is true by necessity or by virtue of its logical form(see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Techne''': art, craft (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Telos''': an ultimate end. (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Trivium''': An introductory curriculum at a medieval university involving the study of grammar, rhetoric, and logic. (Bryant [[February 3 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Tropism''': growth toward or away from external stimulus (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> <br /> == U ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == V ==<br /> <br /> *'''Verbal Units''': words, phrases, and clauses that help identify how author orients reader to other phenomena, metaphors used in describing various things, the extent to which a group communicates intentions, etc.; also includes '''T-Units''' and '''Rhetorical Units''' (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> <br /> == W ==<br /> *'''Warrant''': in the [[Toulmin Model of Argument]], an often implicit assumption that supports the inference of the claim from the data/evidence (see [[Toulmin, Stephen "The Layout of Arguments"]])<br /> <br /> == X ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == Y ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == Z ==</div>

Gretchen https://rhetorclick.com/wiki/Glossary Glossary 2012-04-13T21:10:22Z

<p>Gretchen: /* V */</p> <hr /> <div>This page is dedicated to key terms from the readings.<br /> <br /> <br /> == A ==<br /> <br /> *'''Adumbration:''' the act of providing vague advance indications of a concept to come; also known as "prefiguration" (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]]) <br /> *'''Aesthetics''': study of the mind and emotions in relation to the sense of beauty (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Affective fallacy''': coined by Wimsatt and Berdsley, the mistake of confusing a rhetorical artifact with its result; evaluating literature by its affect on the reader(see [["How to Read a Page" by I. A. Richards]])<br /> * '''Agency''': The ability to act and communicate (See [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process"]])<br /> *'''Agitator:''' someone who urges others to protest or rebel (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Aleatoric''': chaotic; random; according to chance (see [[Ede, Lisa S. and Andrea A. Lunsford "On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric"]])<br /> *'''Ancillary:''' providing necessary but secondary support to an organization, institution, or industry (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Animism''': the spiritual belief, subscribed to by Aristotle, that all objects have souls (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Antistrophos''': counterpart; opposite companion (see [[Ede, Lisa S. and Andrea A. Lunsford "On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric"]])<br /> *'''Antithetical''': in direct and unequivocal opposition (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Antilogy''': a contradiction in terms or ideas (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Aphorism''': a pithy observation that contains a general truth(see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Apodictic philosophy''': something demonstrated therefore true (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Articulation:''': a connection or linking of parts to form a unity. (see [[Hea, Amy C. Kimme "Riding The Wave"]])<br /> *'''Articulation Theory''': is well-suited to examinations of technology because it addresses a range of cultural concerns manifest in the design, development, production, circulation, and consumption of technologies. (see [[Hea, Amy C. Kimme "Riding The Wave"]])<br /> *'''Axiological:''' relating to the study of values (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> *'''Axiom''': a self-evident truth that requires no proof (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> <br /> == B ==<br /> *'''Backing''': in the [[Toulmin Model of Argument]], a fact or set of facts that support an argument's warrant (see [[Toulmin, Stephen "The Layout of Arguments"]])<br /> *'''Bombast''': pretentious or inflated speech or writing<br /> *'''Bricolage''': in art or literature, construction or creation from a diverse range of available things (see [[April 5 Class Notes]])<br /> <br /> == C ==<br /> <br /> <br /> *'''Canonical''': accepted as being accurate and authoritative (see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Categorical imperative''': the philosophical concept proposed by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanuel_Kant Immanuel Kant] that moral obligations are binding in all circumstances, regardless of positive or negative consequences (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Chariot allegory''': Socrates compares the soul to chariot horses and their rider. He believes the soul (chariot rider) is immortal and consists of one good horse and one bad horse. The soul is in constant struggle balancing and choosing between the two horses. Through the good soul only, the chariot can make it to eternity or heaven (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> *'''Classical rhetoric''': theory of persuasive discourse (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Close reading''': meticulous, word-level interpretation, rather than general analysis; has greatly influenced modern criticism (Richards [[February 1 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Compendia''': a brief summary of a larger work or of a field of knowledge (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Comprehensive Sampling''': small enough to code every item (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Continuum''': a continuous spectrum; a sequence in which the extremes are quite distinct while individual adjacent elements are similar (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Convenience Sampling''': readily available item(s) with little credibility alone (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Criterion Sampling''': texts meet certain criteria such as textual features, author attributes, intended audience, or types of media (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> <br /> == D ==<br /> <br /> *'''Data Coding''': the act of sorting and classifying information; a five-step process including identifying a set of artifacts, defining a unit worth analyzing within the set, creating codes to classify instances of that unit, testing the reliability of the work, and making it all public (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Datum''':<br /> *'''Death of the Author''': Roland Barthe's essay argues that the author's personal background should be irrelevant to interpretation of his or her writing; the concept proposed in the essay (see [[Barthes, Roland "Death of the Author"]])<br /> *'''Deictic''': denoting a word or expression whose meaning is dependent on the context in which it is used (see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Dialectic''': two-sided dialogue, formal argumentation system, conversation (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Doxa''': constantly evolving day-to-day knowledge, sometimes culturally based (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Dialectical reasoning''': moving back and forth between contrary lines of reasoning examing both arguments (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Diachronic''': relating to phenomena, often literary or cultural, as they occur or change over a period of time (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Dispositio''': the system used for the organization of arguments in Western classical rhetoric (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> <br /> == E ==<br /> *'''Ecriture''': the idea that a text's author becomes a "transcendental anonymity"; the French word for "writing"(see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Elocutio''': the mastery of stylistic elements in Western classical rhetoric and comes from the Latin ''loqui'', "to speak" (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Endoxa''': <br /> *'''Entelechy''': a realization or actuality as opposed to a potentiality; the actualization of form-giving cause as contrasted with potential existence (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Enthymeme''': abbreviated form of a syllogism which assumes one of two premises is a given (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Episteme''': knowledge of the absolute, eternal truth (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Esperanto''': an artificial international language based as far as possible on words common to the chief European languages (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Ethos''': the persuasive appeal of one's character, credibility, or apparent trustworthiness, especially how this character is established by means of speech or discourse (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]]<br /> *'''Etymology''': the study of the history of words and their evolution over time (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Evidentials''': a form of metadiscourse used to express attitudes toward knowledge (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Existentialism''': a philosophical theory emphasizing the individual as a free and responsible agent determining his or her own development through acts of the will (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Exegesis''': interpretation of a text often exploring its historical context and seeking to identify its cultural significance (see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Exordium''': the introduction, especially of a discourse or treatise (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Extrinsic''': not part of the essential nature of someone or something (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> <br /> == F ==<br /> *'''Fallacious''': containing or based on a fallacy (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> *'''Forensic speaking''': use of rhetoric to attack or defend someone in a judicial setting; defined by [[Aristotle]] as one of three forms of rhetoric (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> <br /> == G ==<br /> *'''Gaze''': to see, accidentally or on purpose, behind the curtain of public disclosure and into the private lives of research subjects. (see [[Sidler, Michelle "Playing Scavenger and Gazer with Scientific Discourse: Opportunities and Ethics for Online Research"]])<br /> * '''Genre''': a continuous and structured activity; anything that a large group of people do similarly (see [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process" ]])<br /> * '''Genre agents''': documents and websites which offer key information involved in the genre process (see [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process" ]] ) <br /> * '''Genre field''': everything that goes into making a genre (see [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process"]])<br /> <br /> == H ==<br /> <br /> *'''Heteroglossia''': the qualities of a language (such as ideology, perspective, etc.) that are extralinguistic but common to all languages (see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Bakhtin#The_Dialogic_Imagination:_Chronotope.2C_Heteroglossia The Dialogic Imagination])<br /> *'''Homonymy''': the relation between two words that are spelled the same way but differ in meaning (see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Hypertext''': non-sequential, often digital, writing; writing "in which the logical connections between elements are primarily associative rather than syllogistic" (Slatin [[March 22 Class Notes]])<br /> <br /> == I ==<br /> *'''Inventio''': the system or method used for the discovery of arguments in Western rhetoric (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Intentional fallacy''': the concept that an author's words alone, not intent, should be examined because an author's mind can never be truly known (Richards [[February 1 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Interpretant''': how a person perceives a sign or representation (Peirce [[January 25 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Inter-textual variations''': differences in the way texts are structured through alphanumeric cues (headings and numbers), spatial cues (horizontal and vertical distribution of text) and graphic cues (bullets, arrows, lines, etc.) (see [https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/alred/www/pdf/kostelnick-rhetoricoftext.pdf Rhetoric of Text])<br /> *'''Intra-textual variations''': changes in typography and design within a document (see [https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/alred/www/pdf/kostelnick-rhetoricoftext.pdf Rhetoric of Text])<br /> *'''Inventio''': the system or method used for the discovery of arguments in Western rhetoric (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Isomorphous''': being of identical or similar form, shape, or structure (see [["Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences" by Mikhail Bakhtin]])<br /> *'''Instrumental value judgment''': an argument that uses values as a means to alread accepted ends, or as obstacles to their attainment (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Intuitionism''': the theory that primary truths and principles, especially those of ethics and metaphysics, are known through intuition rather than learning (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> <br /> == J ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == K ==<br /> <br /> *'''Krisis''': point of judgment, moment of decision (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> <br /> == L ==<br /> <br /> *'''Latent Content''': focus on underlying meaning (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Lexia''': parts of a text that are separated from the meaning of the work as a whole to show the multiplicity of meaning and references<br /> *'''Logology''': study of language and symbols (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Logomachies''': a dispute over or about words<br /> *'''Logos''': the logical appeal that attempts to persuade the audience using intellect and reason (Persuasive appeals: [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Logical empiricism''': the school of philosophy that combines empiricism (the idea that observational evidence is indispensable for knowledge of the world) with a version of rationalism incorporating mathematical and logico-linguistic constructs (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> <br /> == M ==<br /> <br /> *'''Manifest Content''': observable in a text, easy to spot, measured quantitatively (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Method''': procedures and techniques, such as content, discourse, and genre analysis (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Methodology''': assumptions and theories; “the underlying theory and analysis of how research does or should proceed” – Kirsch and Sullivan (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Modal Qualifiers''':<br /> <br /> == N ==<br /> *'''Natura naturans''': nature doing what nature does (see [["Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences" by Mikhail Bakhtin]])<br /> *'''Natura naurata''': nature already created (see [["Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences" by Mikhail Bakhtin]])<br /> *'''New Criticism''': a movement that viewed texts as completely autonomous (Richards [[February 1 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''New Rhetoric''': theory of argumentation (See [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Node''': any object which is linked to another object (Slatin [[March 22 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Nominalism''': the belief that universals are mere names without any reality (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> *'''Nonverbal Units''': help explore how something is communicated through physical phenomena (gestures, facial expressions) or aspects of speech (loudness, pitch, rate of speech) (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Narrative paradigm''': [[Walter Fisher]]'s theory that all forms of communication are a type of storytelling, and all human experience evolves as a type of "narrative." This was in contrast to the [[Rational World Paradigm]])<br /> <br /> == O ==<br /> <br /> *'''Object''': the action you take (Peirce [[January 25 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Organon''': an instrument for acquiring knowledge; specifically, a body of principles of scientific or philosophic investigation (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Orthographic''': projection of a single view of an object onto a drawing surface in which the lines of projection are perpendicular to the drawing surface (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> <br /> == P ==<br /> *'''Parlance''': a particular way of speaking or using words, especially a way common to those with a particular job or interest (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Paradeigma''': use of example or anecdotal evidence to prove a point (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Pathos''': the appeal to emotion and shared values; often used in advertising and thought to be manipulative but also extrmeely effective (Persuasive appeals: [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]]<br /> *'''Pejorative''': a word or phrase that has negative connotations or that is intended to disparage or belittle (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Perennial''': continuing without interruption (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Phoneme''': a unit of the phonetic system of a language that corresponds to a set of similar speech sounds perceived to be a single distinctive sound in the language (e.g., the velar \k\ of cool and the palatal \k\ of keel) (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Pisteis''': proofs, persuasive appeals: (logos, ethos, pathos); artistic (logical, logos, nonlogical, ethos and pathos) and inartistic (tangible evidence) (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> * '''Play theory''': the theory that any and all activities have rules, specific outcomes, and some sort of strategy to win (See [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process"]] )<br /> * '''Player agents''': people involved in the process of play theory (See [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process"]] )<br /> *'''Poeis''': fine arts (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Polyglossia''': the hybrid nature of language (see [[Mikhail Bakhtin]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Bakhtin#The_Dialogic_Imagination:_Chronotope.2C_Heteroglossia The Dialogic Imagination]<br /> *'''Positivist empiricism''': emphasizes role of experience and evidence especially sensory perception (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Priori''': relating to or derived by reasoning from self-evident propositions (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Promulgation''': to make known by open declaration; publish; proclaim formally or put into operation (a law, decree of a court, etc.). (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Proofs''': Justification, reasoning, argumentation. (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> <br /> == Q ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == R ==<br /> <br /> *'''Random Sampling''': assign a number to each element in the overall set, then use a random number generator to randomly select from the set (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Rationalism''': truth is not sensory, but intellectual and deductive. You only know thought through deductive reasoning. (See [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Rationalistic idealism''': criterion of truth is not sensory but intelluctual and deductive (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Rediscovers''': the effects of analogy or isomorphism with current forms of knowledge that allow the perception of forgotten or obscured figures (See [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Representame'''n: what something represents to you personally (creates in the mind of that person an equivalent sign, or perhaps a more developed sign) (Peirce [[January 25 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Rhetoric''': (see [[Definitions of Rhetoric]])<br /> *'''Rhetorical Units''': a rhetorical move with the same author, intended audience, and purpose, which can vary in length (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> <br /> == S ==<br /> *'''Scavenge''': plucking discourse of many types from multiple sources, both historical and (near) real-time. (see [[Sidler, Michelle "Playing Scavenger and Gazer with Scientific Discourse: Opportunities and Ethics for Online Research"]])<br /> *'''Semantic''': of or relating to meaning in language (see [["Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences" by Mikhail Bakhtin]])<br /> *'''Semiology''': the study of signs (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Signified''': concept in the mind (not a thing but the notion of a thing) (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Signifier''': the material (or physical form) of the sign (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Spatiotemporal:''' Belonging to both space and time or to space-time (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> *'''Syllogism''': logical/deductive, conclusion resting on 2 premises (major, minor, conclusion) (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Supra-Textual Structuring''': affects the document globally, with section titles, page headers, tabs, page size, orientation, the placement of extra-textual elements (e.g. data display and pictures), icons, page color, and various line, textures, and marks. Supra-textual cues create visual coherence among units in a document (see [https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/alred/www/pdf/kostelnick-rhetoricoftext.pdf Rhetoric of Text])<br /> *'''Synchronic''': concerned with events existing in a limited time period and ignoring historical antecedents (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Suasory:''' Tending to persuade. (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]]) <br /> *'''Subjectivism''': doctrine that knowledge is merely subjective and that there is no external or objective truth (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Subverter''': to pervert or corrupt by an undermining of morals, allegiance, or faith (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> <br /> == T ==<br /> <br /> *'''T-Units''': “consist of a principle clause and any subordinate clauses or nonclausal structures attached to or embedded in it” – Geisler (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Tautologies''': a phrase or expression in which the same thing is said twice in different words; a statement that is true by necessity or by virtue of its logical form(see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Techne''': art, craft (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Telos''': an ultimate end. (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Trivium''': An introductory curriculum at a medieval university involving the study of grammar, rhetoric, and logic. (Bryant [[February 3 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Tropism''': growth toward or away from external stimulus (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> <br /> == U ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == V ==<br /> <br /> *'''Verbal Units''': words, phrases, and clauses that help identify how author orients reader to other phenomena, metaphors used in describing various things, the extent to which a group communicates intentions, etc.; also includes '''T-Units''' and '''Rhetorical Units''' (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> <br /> == W ==<br /> *'''Warrant''': in the [[Toulmin Model of Argument]], an often implicit assumption that supports the inference of the claim from the data/evidence (see [[Toulmin, Stephen "The Layout of Arguments"]])<br /> <br /> == X ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == Y ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == Z ==</div>

Gretchen https://rhetorclick.com/wiki/Glossary Glossary 2012-04-13T21:06:12Z

<p>Gretchen: /* T */</p> <hr /> <div>This page is dedicated to key terms from the readings.<br /> <br /> <br /> == A ==<br /> <br /> *'''Adumbration:''' the act of providing vague advance indications of a concept to come; also known as "prefiguration" (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]]) <br /> *'''Aesthetics''': study of the mind and emotions in relation to the sense of beauty (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Affective fallacy''': coined by Wimsatt and Berdsley, the mistake of confusing a rhetorical artifact with its result; evaluating literature by its affect on the reader(see [["How to Read a Page" by I. A. Richards]])<br /> * '''Agency''': The ability to act and communicate (See [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process"]])<br /> *'''Agitator:''' someone who urges others to protest or rebel (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Aleatoric''': chaotic; random; according to chance (see [[Ede, Lisa S. and Andrea A. Lunsford "On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric"]])<br /> *'''Ancillary:''' providing necessary but secondary support to an organization, institution, or industry (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Animism''': the spiritual belief, subscribed to by Aristotle, that all objects have souls (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Antistrophos''': counterpart; opposite companion (see [[Ede, Lisa S. and Andrea A. Lunsford "On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric"]])<br /> *'''Antithetical''': in direct and unequivocal opposition (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Antilogy''': a contradiction in terms or ideas (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Aphorism''': a pithy observation that contains a general truth(see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Apodictic philosophy''': something demonstrated therefore true (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Articulation:''': a connection or linking of parts to form a unity. (see [[Hea, Amy C. Kimme "Riding The Wave"]])<br /> *'''Articulation Theory''': is well-suited to examinations of technology because it addresses a range of cultural concerns manifest in the design, development, production, circulation, and consumption of technologies. (see [[Hea, Amy C. Kimme "Riding The Wave"]])<br /> *'''Axiological:''' relating to the study of values (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> *'''Axiom''': a self-evident truth that requires no proof (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> <br /> == B ==<br /> *'''Backing''': in the [[Toulmin Model of Argument]], a fact or set of facts that support an argument's warrant (see [[Toulmin, Stephen "The Layout of Arguments"]])<br /> *'''Bombast''': pretentious or inflated speech or writing<br /> *'''Bricolage''': in art or literature, construction or creation from a diverse range of available things (see [[April 5 Class Notes]])<br /> <br /> == C ==<br /> <br /> <br /> *'''Canonical''': accepted as being accurate and authoritative (see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Categorical imperative''': the philosophical concept proposed by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanuel_Kant Immanuel Kant] that moral obligations are binding in all circumstances, regardless of positive or negative consequences (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Chariot allegory''': Socrates compares the soul to chariot horses and their rider. He believes the soul (chariot rider) is immortal and consists of one good horse and one bad horse. The soul is in constant struggle balancing and choosing between the two horses. Through the good soul only, the chariot can make it to eternity or heaven (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> *'''Classical rhetoric''': theory of persuasive discourse (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Close reading''': meticulous, word-level interpretation, rather than general analysis; has greatly influenced modern criticism (Richards [[February 1 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Compendia''': a brief summary of a larger work or of a field of knowledge (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Comprehensive Sampling''': small enough to code every item (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Continuum''': a continuous spectrum; a sequence in which the extremes are quite distinct while individual adjacent elements are similar (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Convenience Sampling''': readily available item(s) with little credibility alone (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Criterion Sampling''': texts meet certain criteria such as textual features, author attributes, intended audience, or types of media (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> <br /> == D ==<br /> <br /> *'''Data Coding''': the act of sorting and classifying information; a five-step process including identifying a set of artifacts, defining a unit worth analyzing within the set, creating codes to classify instances of that unit, testing the reliability of the work, and making it all public (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Datum''':<br /> *'''Death of the Author''': Roland Barthe's essay argues that the author's personal background should be irrelevant to interpretation of his or her writing; the concept proposed in the essay (see [[Barthes, Roland "Death of the Author"]])<br /> *'''Deictic''': denoting a word or expression whose meaning is dependent on the context in which it is used (see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Dialectic''': two-sided dialogue, formal argumentation system, conversation (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Doxa''': constantly evolving day-to-day knowledge, sometimes culturally based (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Dialectical reasoning''': moving back and forth between contrary lines of reasoning examing both arguments (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Diachronic''': relating to phenomena, often literary or cultural, as they occur or change over a period of time (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Dispositio''': the system used for the organization of arguments in Western classical rhetoric (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> <br /> == E ==<br /> *'''Ecriture''': the idea that a text's author becomes a "transcendental anonymity"; the French word for "writing"(see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Elocutio''': the mastery of stylistic elements in Western classical rhetoric and comes from the Latin ''loqui'', "to speak" (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Endoxa''': <br /> *'''Entelechy''': a realization or actuality as opposed to a potentiality; the actualization of form-giving cause as contrasted with potential existence (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Enthymeme''': abbreviated form of a syllogism which assumes one of two premises is a given (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Episteme''': knowledge of the absolute, eternal truth (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Esperanto''': an artificial international language based as far as possible on words common to the chief European languages (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Ethos''': the persuasive appeal of one's character, credibility, or apparent trustworthiness, especially how this character is established by means of speech or discourse (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]]<br /> *'''Etymology''': the study of the history of words and their evolution over time (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Evidentials''': a form of metadiscourse used to express attitudes toward knowledge (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Existentialism''': a philosophical theory emphasizing the individual as a free and responsible agent determining his or her own development through acts of the will (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Exegesis''': interpretation of a text often exploring its historical context and seeking to identify its cultural significance (see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Exordium''': the introduction, especially of a discourse or treatise (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Extrinsic''': not part of the essential nature of someone or something (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> <br /> == F ==<br /> *'''Fallacious''': containing or based on a fallacy (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> *'''Forensic speaking''': use of rhetoric to attack or defend someone in a judicial setting; defined by [[Aristotle]] as one of three forms of rhetoric (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> <br /> == G ==<br /> *'''Gaze''': to see, accidentally or on purpose, behind the curtain of public disclosure and into the private lives of research subjects. (see [[Sidler, Michelle "Playing Scavenger and Gazer with Scientific Discourse: Opportunities and Ethics for Online Research"]])<br /> * '''Genre''': a continuous and structured activity; anything that a large group of people do similarly (see [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process" ]])<br /> * '''Genre agents''': documents and websites which offer key information involved in the genre process (see [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process" ]] ) <br /> * '''Genre field''': everything that goes into making a genre (see [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process"]])<br /> <br /> == H ==<br /> <br /> *'''Heteroglossia''': the qualities of a language (such as ideology, perspective, etc.) that are extralinguistic but common to all languages (see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Bakhtin#The_Dialogic_Imagination:_Chronotope.2C_Heteroglossia The Dialogic Imagination])<br /> *'''Homonymy''': the relation between two words that are spelled the same way but differ in meaning (see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Hypertext''': non-sequential, often digital, writing; writing "in which the logical connections between elements are primarily associative rather than syllogistic" (Slatin [[March 22 Class Notes]])<br /> <br /> == I ==<br /> *'''Inventio''': the system or method used for the discovery of arguments in Western rhetoric (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Intentional fallacy''': the concept that an author's words alone, not intent, should be examined because an author's mind can never be truly known (Richards [[February 1 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Interpretant''': how a person perceives a sign or representation (Peirce [[January 25 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Inter-textual variations''': differences in the way texts are structured through alphanumeric cues (headings and numbers), spatial cues (horizontal and vertical distribution of text) and graphic cues (bullets, arrows, lines, etc.) (see [https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/alred/www/pdf/kostelnick-rhetoricoftext.pdf Rhetoric of Text])<br /> *'''Intra-textual variations''': changes in typography and design within a document (see [https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/alred/www/pdf/kostelnick-rhetoricoftext.pdf Rhetoric of Text])<br /> *'''Inventio''': the system or method used for the discovery of arguments in Western rhetoric (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Isomorphous''': being of identical or similar form, shape, or structure (see [["Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences" by Mikhail Bakhtin]])<br /> *'''Instrumental value judgment''': an argument that uses values as a means to alread accepted ends, or as obstacles to their attainment (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Intuitionism''': the theory that primary truths and principles, especially those of ethics and metaphysics, are known through intuition rather than learning (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> <br /> == J ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == K ==<br /> <br /> *'''Krisis''': point of judgment, moment of decision (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> <br /> == L ==<br /> <br /> *'''Latent Content''': focus on underlying meaning (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Lexia''': parts of a text that are separated from the meaning of the work as a whole to show the multiplicity of meaning and references<br /> *'''Logology''': study of language and symbols (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Logomachies''': a dispute over or about words<br /> *'''Logos''': the logical appeal that attempts to persuade the audience using intellect and reason (Persuasive appeals: [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Logical empiricism''': the school of philosophy that combines empiricism (the idea that observational evidence is indispensable for knowledge of the world) with a version of rationalism incorporating mathematical and logico-linguistic constructs (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> <br /> == M ==<br /> <br /> *'''Manifest Content''': observable in a text, easy to spot, measured quantitatively (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Method''': procedures and techniques, such as content, discourse, and genre analysis (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Methodology''': assumptions and theories; “the underlying theory and analysis of how research does or should proceed” – Kirsch and Sullivan (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Modal Qualifiers''':<br /> <br /> == N ==<br /> *'''Natura naturans''': nature doing what nature does (see [["Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences" by Mikhail Bakhtin]])<br /> *'''Natura naurata''': nature already created (see [["Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences" by Mikhail Bakhtin]])<br /> *'''New Criticism''': a movement that viewed texts as completely autonomous (Richards [[February 1 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''New Rhetoric''': theory of argumentation (See [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Node''': any object which is linked to another object (Slatin [[March 22 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Nominalism''': the belief that universals are mere names without any reality (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> *'''Nonverbal Units''': help explore how something is communicated through physical phenomena (gestures, facial expressions) or aspects of speech (loudness, pitch, rate of speech) (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Narrative paradigm''': [[Walter Fisher]]'s theory that all forms of communication are a type of storytelling, and all human experience evolves as a type of "narrative." This was in contrast to the [[Rational World Paradigm]])<br /> <br /> == O ==<br /> <br /> *'''Object''': the action you take (Peirce [[January 25 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Organon''': an instrument for acquiring knowledge; specifically, a body of principles of scientific or philosophic investigation (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Orthographic''': projection of a single view of an object onto a drawing surface in which the lines of projection are perpendicular to the drawing surface (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> <br /> == P ==<br /> *'''Parlance''': a particular way of speaking or using words, especially a way common to those with a particular job or interest (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Paradeigma''': use of example or anecdotal evidence to prove a point (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Pathos''': the appeal to emotion and shared values; often used in advertising and thought to be manipulative but also extrmeely effective (Persuasive appeals: [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]]<br /> *'''Pejorative''': a word or phrase that has negative connotations or that is intended to disparage or belittle (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Perennial''': continuing without interruption (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Phoneme''': a unit of the phonetic system of a language that corresponds to a set of similar speech sounds perceived to be a single distinctive sound in the language (e.g., the velar \k\ of cool and the palatal \k\ of keel) (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Pisteis''': proofs, persuasive appeals: (logos, ethos, pathos); artistic (logical, logos, nonlogical, ethos and pathos) and inartistic (tangible evidence) (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> * '''Play theory''': the theory that any and all activities have rules, specific outcomes, and some sort of strategy to win (See [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process"]] )<br /> * '''Player agents''': people involved in the process of play theory (See [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process"]] )<br /> *'''Poeis''': fine arts (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Polyglossia''': the hybrid nature of language (see [[Mikhail Bakhtin]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Bakhtin#The_Dialogic_Imagination:_Chronotope.2C_Heteroglossia The Dialogic Imagination]<br /> *'''Positivist empiricism''': emphasizes role of experience and evidence especially sensory perception (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Priori''': relating to or derived by reasoning from self-evident propositions (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Promulgation''': to make known by open declaration; publish; proclaim formally or put into operation (a law, decree of a court, etc.). (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Proofs''': Justification, reasoning, argumentation. (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> <br /> == Q ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == R ==<br /> <br /> *'''Random Sampling''': assign a number to each element in the overall set, then use a random number generator to randomly select from the set (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Rationalism''': truth is not sensory, but intellectual and deductive. You only know thought through deductive reasoning. (See [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Rationalistic idealism''': criterion of truth is not sensory but intelluctual and deductive (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Rediscovers''': the effects of analogy or isomorphism with current forms of knowledge that allow the perception of forgotten or obscured figures (See [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Representame'''n: what something represents to you personally (creates in the mind of that person an equivalent sign, or perhaps a more developed sign) (Peirce [[January 25 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Rhetoric''': (see [[Definitions of Rhetoric]])<br /> *'''Rhetorical Units''': a rhetorical move with the same author, intended audience, and purpose, which can vary in length (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> <br /> == S ==<br /> *'''Scavenge''': plucking discourse of many types from multiple sources, both historical and (near) real-time. (see [[Sidler, Michelle "Playing Scavenger and Gazer with Scientific Discourse: Opportunities and Ethics for Online Research"]])<br /> *'''Semantic''': of or relating to meaning in language (see [["Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences" by Mikhail Bakhtin]])<br /> *'''Semiology''': the study of signs (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Signified''': concept in the mind (not a thing but the notion of a thing) (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Signifier''': the material (or physical form) of the sign (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Spatiotemporal:''' Belonging to both space and time or to space-time (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> *'''Syllogism''': logical/deductive, conclusion resting on 2 premises (major, minor, conclusion) (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Supra-Textual Structuring''': affects the document globally, with section titles, page headers, tabs, page size, orientation, the placement of extra-textual elements (e.g. data display and pictures), icons, page color, and various line, textures, and marks. Supra-textual cues create visual coherence among units in a document (see [https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/alred/www/pdf/kostelnick-rhetoricoftext.pdf Rhetoric of Text])<br /> *'''Synchronic''': concerned with events existing in a limited time period and ignoring historical antecedents (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Suasory:''' Tending to persuade. (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]]) <br /> *'''Subjectivism''': doctrine that knowledge is merely subjective and that there is no external or objective truth (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Subverter''': to pervert or corrupt by an undermining of morals, allegiance, or faith (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> <br /> == T ==<br /> <br /> *'''T-Units''': “consist of a principle clause and any subordinate clauses or nonclausal structures attached to or embedded in it” – Geisler (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Tautologies''': a phrase or expression in which the same thing is said twice in different words; a statement that is true by necessity or by virtue of its logical form(see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Techne''': art, craft (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Telos''': an ultimate end. (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Trivium''': An introductory curriculum at a medieval university involving the study of grammar, rhetoric, and logic. (Bryant [[February 3 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Tropism''': growth toward or away from external stimulus (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> <br /> == U ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == V ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == W ==<br /> *'''Warrant''': in the [[Toulmin Model of Argument]], an often implicit assumption that supports the inference of the claim from the data/evidence (see [[Toulmin, Stephen "The Layout of Arguments"]])<br /> <br /> == X ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == Y ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == Z ==</div>

Gretchen https://rhetorclick.com/wiki/Glossary Glossary 2012-04-13T21:04:53Z

<p>Gretchen: /* R */</p> <hr /> <div>This page is dedicated to key terms from the readings.<br /> <br /> <br /> == A ==<br /> <br /> *'''Adumbration:''' the act of providing vague advance indications of a concept to come; also known as "prefiguration" (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]]) <br /> *'''Aesthetics''': study of the mind and emotions in relation to the sense of beauty (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Affective fallacy''': coined by Wimsatt and Berdsley, the mistake of confusing a rhetorical artifact with its result; evaluating literature by its affect on the reader(see [["How to Read a Page" by I. A. Richards]])<br /> * '''Agency''': The ability to act and communicate (See [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process"]])<br /> *'''Agitator:''' someone who urges others to protest or rebel (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Aleatoric''': chaotic; random; according to chance (see [[Ede, Lisa S. and Andrea A. Lunsford "On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric"]])<br /> *'''Ancillary:''' providing necessary but secondary support to an organization, institution, or industry (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Animism''': the spiritual belief, subscribed to by Aristotle, that all objects have souls (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Antistrophos''': counterpart; opposite companion (see [[Ede, Lisa S. and Andrea A. Lunsford "On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric"]])<br /> *'''Antithetical''': in direct and unequivocal opposition (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Antilogy''': a contradiction in terms or ideas (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Aphorism''': a pithy observation that contains a general truth(see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Apodictic philosophy''': something demonstrated therefore true (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Articulation:''': a connection or linking of parts to form a unity. (see [[Hea, Amy C. Kimme "Riding The Wave"]])<br /> *'''Articulation Theory''': is well-suited to examinations of technology because it addresses a range of cultural concerns manifest in the design, development, production, circulation, and consumption of technologies. (see [[Hea, Amy C. Kimme "Riding The Wave"]])<br /> *'''Axiological:''' relating to the study of values (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> *'''Axiom''': a self-evident truth that requires no proof (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> <br /> == B ==<br /> *'''Backing''': in the [[Toulmin Model of Argument]], a fact or set of facts that support an argument's warrant (see [[Toulmin, Stephen "The Layout of Arguments"]])<br /> *'''Bombast''': pretentious or inflated speech or writing<br /> *'''Bricolage''': in art or literature, construction or creation from a diverse range of available things (see [[April 5 Class Notes]])<br /> <br /> == C ==<br /> <br /> <br /> *'''Canonical''': accepted as being accurate and authoritative (see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Categorical imperative''': the philosophical concept proposed by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanuel_Kant Immanuel Kant] that moral obligations are binding in all circumstances, regardless of positive or negative consequences (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Chariot allegory''': Socrates compares the soul to chariot horses and their rider. He believes the soul (chariot rider) is immortal and consists of one good horse and one bad horse. The soul is in constant struggle balancing and choosing between the two horses. Through the good soul only, the chariot can make it to eternity or heaven (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> *'''Classical rhetoric''': theory of persuasive discourse (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Close reading''': meticulous, word-level interpretation, rather than general analysis; has greatly influenced modern criticism (Richards [[February 1 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Compendia''': a brief summary of a larger work or of a field of knowledge (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Comprehensive Sampling''': small enough to code every item (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Continuum''': a continuous spectrum; a sequence in which the extremes are quite distinct while individual adjacent elements are similar (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Convenience Sampling''': readily available item(s) with little credibility alone (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Criterion Sampling''': texts meet certain criteria such as textual features, author attributes, intended audience, or types of media (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> <br /> == D ==<br /> <br /> *'''Data Coding''': the act of sorting and classifying information; a five-step process including identifying a set of artifacts, defining a unit worth analyzing within the set, creating codes to classify instances of that unit, testing the reliability of the work, and making it all public (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Datum''':<br /> *'''Death of the Author''': Roland Barthe's essay argues that the author's personal background should be irrelevant to interpretation of his or her writing; the concept proposed in the essay (see [[Barthes, Roland "Death of the Author"]])<br /> *'''Deictic''': denoting a word or expression whose meaning is dependent on the context in which it is used (see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Dialectic''': two-sided dialogue, formal argumentation system, conversation (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Doxa''': constantly evolving day-to-day knowledge, sometimes culturally based (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Dialectical reasoning''': moving back and forth between contrary lines of reasoning examing both arguments (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Diachronic''': relating to phenomena, often literary or cultural, as they occur or change over a period of time (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Dispositio''': the system used for the organization of arguments in Western classical rhetoric (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> <br /> == E ==<br /> *'''Ecriture''': the idea that a text's author becomes a "transcendental anonymity"; the French word for "writing"(see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Elocutio''': the mastery of stylistic elements in Western classical rhetoric and comes from the Latin ''loqui'', "to speak" (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Endoxa''': <br /> *'''Entelechy''': a realization or actuality as opposed to a potentiality; the actualization of form-giving cause as contrasted with potential existence (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Enthymeme''': abbreviated form of a syllogism which assumes one of two premises is a given (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Episteme''': knowledge of the absolute, eternal truth (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Esperanto''': an artificial international language based as far as possible on words common to the chief European languages (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Ethos''': the persuasive appeal of one's character, credibility, or apparent trustworthiness, especially how this character is established by means of speech or discourse (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]]<br /> *'''Etymology''': the study of the history of words and their evolution over time (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Evidentials''': a form of metadiscourse used to express attitudes toward knowledge (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Existentialism''': a philosophical theory emphasizing the individual as a free and responsible agent determining his or her own development through acts of the will (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Exegesis''': interpretation of a text often exploring its historical context and seeking to identify its cultural significance (see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Exordium''': the introduction, especially of a discourse or treatise (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Extrinsic''': not part of the essential nature of someone or something (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> <br /> == F ==<br /> *'''Fallacious''': containing or based on a fallacy (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> *'''Forensic speaking''': use of rhetoric to attack or defend someone in a judicial setting; defined by [[Aristotle]] as one of three forms of rhetoric (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> <br /> == G ==<br /> *'''Gaze''': to see, accidentally or on purpose, behind the curtain of public disclosure and into the private lives of research subjects. (see [[Sidler, Michelle "Playing Scavenger and Gazer with Scientific Discourse: Opportunities and Ethics for Online Research"]])<br /> * '''Genre''': a continuous and structured activity; anything that a large group of people do similarly (see [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process" ]])<br /> * '''Genre agents''': documents and websites which offer key information involved in the genre process (see [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process" ]] ) <br /> * '''Genre field''': everything that goes into making a genre (see [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process"]])<br /> <br /> == H ==<br /> <br /> *'''Heteroglossia''': the qualities of a language (such as ideology, perspective, etc.) that are extralinguistic but common to all languages (see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Bakhtin#The_Dialogic_Imagination:_Chronotope.2C_Heteroglossia The Dialogic Imagination])<br /> *'''Homonymy''': the relation between two words that are spelled the same way but differ in meaning (see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Hypertext''': non-sequential, often digital, writing; writing "in which the logical connections between elements are primarily associative rather than syllogistic" (Slatin [[March 22 Class Notes]])<br /> <br /> == I ==<br /> *'''Inventio''': the system or method used for the discovery of arguments in Western rhetoric (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Intentional fallacy''': the concept that an author's words alone, not intent, should be examined because an author's mind can never be truly known (Richards [[February 1 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Interpretant''': how a person perceives a sign or representation (Peirce [[January 25 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Inter-textual variations''': differences in the way texts are structured through alphanumeric cues (headings and numbers), spatial cues (horizontal and vertical distribution of text) and graphic cues (bullets, arrows, lines, etc.) (see [https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/alred/www/pdf/kostelnick-rhetoricoftext.pdf Rhetoric of Text])<br /> *'''Intra-textual variations''': changes in typography and design within a document (see [https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/alred/www/pdf/kostelnick-rhetoricoftext.pdf Rhetoric of Text])<br /> *'''Inventio''': the system or method used for the discovery of arguments in Western rhetoric (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Isomorphous''': being of identical or similar form, shape, or structure (see [["Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences" by Mikhail Bakhtin]])<br /> *'''Instrumental value judgment''': an argument that uses values as a means to alread accepted ends, or as obstacles to their attainment (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Intuitionism''': the theory that primary truths and principles, especially those of ethics and metaphysics, are known through intuition rather than learning (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> <br /> == J ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == K ==<br /> <br /> *'''Krisis''': point of judgment, moment of decision (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> <br /> == L ==<br /> <br /> *'''Latent Content''': focus on underlying meaning (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Lexia''': parts of a text that are separated from the meaning of the work as a whole to show the multiplicity of meaning and references<br /> *'''Logology''': study of language and symbols (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Logomachies''': a dispute over or about words<br /> *'''Logos''': the logical appeal that attempts to persuade the audience using intellect and reason (Persuasive appeals: [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Logical empiricism''': the school of philosophy that combines empiricism (the idea that observational evidence is indispensable for knowledge of the world) with a version of rationalism incorporating mathematical and logico-linguistic constructs (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> <br /> == M ==<br /> <br /> *'''Manifest Content''': observable in a text, easy to spot, measured quantitatively (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Method''': procedures and techniques, such as content, discourse, and genre analysis (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Methodology''': assumptions and theories; “the underlying theory and analysis of how research does or should proceed” – Kirsch and Sullivan (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Modal Qualifiers''':<br /> <br /> == N ==<br /> *'''Natura naturans''': nature doing what nature does (see [["Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences" by Mikhail Bakhtin]])<br /> *'''Natura naurata''': nature already created (see [["Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences" by Mikhail Bakhtin]])<br /> *'''New Criticism''': a movement that viewed texts as completely autonomous (Richards [[February 1 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''New Rhetoric''': theory of argumentation (See [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Node''': any object which is linked to another object (Slatin [[March 22 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Nominalism''': the belief that universals are mere names without any reality (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> *'''Nonverbal Units''': help explore how something is communicated through physical phenomena (gestures, facial expressions) or aspects of speech (loudness, pitch, rate of speech) (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Narrative paradigm''': [[Walter Fisher]]'s theory that all forms of communication are a type of storytelling, and all human experience evolves as a type of "narrative." This was in contrast to the [[Rational World Paradigm]])<br /> <br /> == O ==<br /> <br /> *'''Object''': the action you take (Peirce [[January 25 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Organon''': an instrument for acquiring knowledge; specifically, a body of principles of scientific or philosophic investigation (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Orthographic''': projection of a single view of an object onto a drawing surface in which the lines of projection are perpendicular to the drawing surface (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> <br /> == P ==<br /> *'''Parlance''': a particular way of speaking or using words, especially a way common to those with a particular job or interest (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Paradeigma''': use of example or anecdotal evidence to prove a point (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Pathos''': the appeal to emotion and shared values; often used in advertising and thought to be manipulative but also extrmeely effective (Persuasive appeals: [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]]<br /> *'''Pejorative''': a word or phrase that has negative connotations or that is intended to disparage or belittle (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Perennial''': continuing without interruption (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Phoneme''': a unit of the phonetic system of a language that corresponds to a set of similar speech sounds perceived to be a single distinctive sound in the language (e.g., the velar \k\ of cool and the palatal \k\ of keel) (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Pisteis''': proofs, persuasive appeals: (logos, ethos, pathos); artistic (logical, logos, nonlogical, ethos and pathos) and inartistic (tangible evidence) (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> * '''Play theory''': the theory that any and all activities have rules, specific outcomes, and some sort of strategy to win (See [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process"]] )<br /> * '''Player agents''': people involved in the process of play theory (See [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process"]] )<br /> *'''Poeis''': fine arts (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Polyglossia''': the hybrid nature of language (see [[Mikhail Bakhtin]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Bakhtin#The_Dialogic_Imagination:_Chronotope.2C_Heteroglossia The Dialogic Imagination]<br /> *'''Positivist empiricism''': emphasizes role of experience and evidence especially sensory perception (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Priori''': relating to or derived by reasoning from self-evident propositions (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Promulgation''': to make known by open declaration; publish; proclaim formally or put into operation (a law, decree of a court, etc.). (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Proofs''': Justification, reasoning, argumentation. (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> <br /> == Q ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == R ==<br /> <br /> *'''Random Sampling''': assign a number to each element in the overall set, then use a random number generator to randomly select from the set (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Rationalism''': truth is not sensory, but intellectual and deductive. You only know thought through deductive reasoning. (See [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Rationalistic idealism''': criterion of truth is not sensory but intelluctual and deductive (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Rediscovers''': the effects of analogy or isomorphism with current forms of knowledge that allow the perception of forgotten or obscured figures (See [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Representame'''n: what something represents to you personally (creates in the mind of that person an equivalent sign, or perhaps a more developed sign) (Peirce [[January 25 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Rhetoric''': (see [[Definitions of Rhetoric]])<br /> *'''Rhetorical Units''': a rhetorical move with the same author, intended audience, and purpose, which can vary in length (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> <br /> == S ==<br /> *'''Scavenge''': plucking discourse of many types from multiple sources, both historical and (near) real-time. (see [[Sidler, Michelle "Playing Scavenger and Gazer with Scientific Discourse: Opportunities and Ethics for Online Research"]])<br /> *'''Semantic''': of or relating to meaning in language (see [["Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences" by Mikhail Bakhtin]])<br /> *'''Semiology''': the study of signs (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Signified''': concept in the mind (not a thing but the notion of a thing) (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Signifier''': the material (or physical form) of the sign (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Spatiotemporal:''' Belonging to both space and time or to space-time (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> *'''Syllogism''': logical/deductive, conclusion resting on 2 premises (major, minor, conclusion) (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Supra-Textual Structuring''': affects the document globally, with section titles, page headers, tabs, page size, orientation, the placement of extra-textual elements (e.g. data display and pictures), icons, page color, and various line, textures, and marks. Supra-textual cues create visual coherence among units in a document (see [https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/alred/www/pdf/kostelnick-rhetoricoftext.pdf Rhetoric of Text])<br /> *'''Synchronic''': concerned with events existing in a limited time period and ignoring historical antecedents (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Suasory:''' Tending to persuade. (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]]) <br /> *'''Subjectivism''': doctrine that knowledge is merely subjective and that there is no external or objective truth (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Subverter''': to pervert or corrupt by an undermining of morals, allegiance, or faith (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> <br /> == T ==<br /> <br /> *'''Tautologies''': a phrase or expression in which the same thing is said twice in different words; a statement that is true by necessity or by virtue of its logical form(see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Techne''': art, craft (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Telos''': an ultimate end. (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Trivium''': An introductory curriculum at a medieval university involving the study of grammar, rhetoric, and logic. (Bryant [[February 3 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Tropism''': growth toward or away from external stimulus (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> <br /> == U ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == V ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == W ==<br /> *'''Warrant''': in the [[Toulmin Model of Argument]], an often implicit assumption that supports the inference of the claim from the data/evidence (see [[Toulmin, Stephen "The Layout of Arguments"]])<br /> <br /> == X ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == Y ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == Z ==</div>

Gretchen https://rhetorclick.com/wiki/Glossary Glossary 2012-04-13T21:03:59Z

<p>Gretchen: /* R */</p> <hr /> <div>This page is dedicated to key terms from the readings.<br /> <br /> <br /> == A ==<br /> <br /> *'''Adumbration:''' the act of providing vague advance indications of a concept to come; also known as "prefiguration" (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]]) <br /> *'''Aesthetics''': study of the mind and emotions in relation to the sense of beauty (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Affective fallacy''': coined by Wimsatt and Berdsley, the mistake of confusing a rhetorical artifact with its result; evaluating literature by its affect on the reader(see [["How to Read a Page" by I. A. Richards]])<br /> * '''Agency''': The ability to act and communicate (See [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process"]])<br /> *'''Agitator:''' someone who urges others to protest or rebel (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Aleatoric''': chaotic; random; according to chance (see [[Ede, Lisa S. and Andrea A. Lunsford "On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric"]])<br /> *'''Ancillary:''' providing necessary but secondary support to an organization, institution, or industry (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Animism''': the spiritual belief, subscribed to by Aristotle, that all objects have souls (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Antistrophos''': counterpart; opposite companion (see [[Ede, Lisa S. and Andrea A. Lunsford "On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric"]])<br /> *'''Antithetical''': in direct and unequivocal opposition (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Antilogy''': a contradiction in terms or ideas (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Aphorism''': a pithy observation that contains a general truth(see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Apodictic philosophy''': something demonstrated therefore true (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Articulation:''': a connection or linking of parts to form a unity. (see [[Hea, Amy C. Kimme "Riding The Wave"]])<br /> *'''Articulation Theory''': is well-suited to examinations of technology because it addresses a range of cultural concerns manifest in the design, development, production, circulation, and consumption of technologies. (see [[Hea, Amy C. Kimme "Riding The Wave"]])<br /> *'''Axiological:''' relating to the study of values (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> *'''Axiom''': a self-evident truth that requires no proof (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> <br /> == B ==<br /> *'''Backing''': in the [[Toulmin Model of Argument]], a fact or set of facts that support an argument's warrant (see [[Toulmin, Stephen "The Layout of Arguments"]])<br /> *'''Bombast''': pretentious or inflated speech or writing<br /> *'''Bricolage''': in art or literature, construction or creation from a diverse range of available things (see [[April 5 Class Notes]])<br /> <br /> == C ==<br /> <br /> <br /> *'''Canonical''': accepted as being accurate and authoritative (see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Categorical imperative''': the philosophical concept proposed by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanuel_Kant Immanuel Kant] that moral obligations are binding in all circumstances, regardless of positive or negative consequences (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Chariot allegory''': Socrates compares the soul to chariot horses and their rider. He believes the soul (chariot rider) is immortal and consists of one good horse and one bad horse. The soul is in constant struggle balancing and choosing between the two horses. Through the good soul only, the chariot can make it to eternity or heaven (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> *'''Classical rhetoric''': theory of persuasive discourse (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Close reading''': meticulous, word-level interpretation, rather than general analysis; has greatly influenced modern criticism (Richards [[February 1 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Compendia''': a brief summary of a larger work or of a field of knowledge (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Comprehensive Sampling''': small enough to code every item (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Continuum''': a continuous spectrum; a sequence in which the extremes are quite distinct while individual adjacent elements are similar (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Convenience Sampling''': readily available item(s) with little credibility alone (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Criterion Sampling''': texts meet certain criteria such as textual features, author attributes, intended audience, or types of media (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> <br /> == D ==<br /> <br /> *'''Data Coding''': the act of sorting and classifying information; a five-step process including identifying a set of artifacts, defining a unit worth analyzing within the set, creating codes to classify instances of that unit, testing the reliability of the work, and making it all public (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Datum''':<br /> *'''Death of the Author''': Roland Barthe's essay argues that the author's personal background should be irrelevant to interpretation of his or her writing; the concept proposed in the essay (see [[Barthes, Roland "Death of the Author"]])<br /> *'''Deictic''': denoting a word or expression whose meaning is dependent on the context in which it is used (see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Dialectic''': two-sided dialogue, formal argumentation system, conversation (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Doxa''': constantly evolving day-to-day knowledge, sometimes culturally based (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Dialectical reasoning''': moving back and forth between contrary lines of reasoning examing both arguments (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Diachronic''': relating to phenomena, often literary or cultural, as they occur or change over a period of time (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Dispositio''': the system used for the organization of arguments in Western classical rhetoric (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> <br /> == E ==<br /> *'''Ecriture''': the idea that a text's author becomes a "transcendental anonymity"; the French word for "writing"(see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Elocutio''': the mastery of stylistic elements in Western classical rhetoric and comes from the Latin ''loqui'', "to speak" (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Endoxa''': <br /> *'''Entelechy''': a realization or actuality as opposed to a potentiality; the actualization of form-giving cause as contrasted with potential existence (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Enthymeme''': abbreviated form of a syllogism which assumes one of two premises is a given (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Episteme''': knowledge of the absolute, eternal truth (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Esperanto''': an artificial international language based as far as possible on words common to the chief European languages (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Ethos''': the persuasive appeal of one's character, credibility, or apparent trustworthiness, especially how this character is established by means of speech or discourse (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]]<br /> *'''Etymology''': the study of the history of words and their evolution over time (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Evidentials''': a form of metadiscourse used to express attitudes toward knowledge (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Existentialism''': a philosophical theory emphasizing the individual as a free and responsible agent determining his or her own development through acts of the will (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Exegesis''': interpretation of a text often exploring its historical context and seeking to identify its cultural significance (see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Exordium''': the introduction, especially of a discourse or treatise (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Extrinsic''': not part of the essential nature of someone or something (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> <br /> == F ==<br /> *'''Fallacious''': containing or based on a fallacy (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> *'''Forensic speaking''': use of rhetoric to attack or defend someone in a judicial setting; defined by [[Aristotle]] as one of three forms of rhetoric (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> <br /> == G ==<br /> *'''Gaze''': to see, accidentally or on purpose, behind the curtain of public disclosure and into the private lives of research subjects. (see [[Sidler, Michelle "Playing Scavenger and Gazer with Scientific Discourse: Opportunities and Ethics for Online Research"]])<br /> * '''Genre''': a continuous and structured activity; anything that a large group of people do similarly (see [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process" ]])<br /> * '''Genre agents''': documents and websites which offer key information involved in the genre process (see [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process" ]] ) <br /> * '''Genre field''': everything that goes into making a genre (see [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process"]])<br /> <br /> == H ==<br /> <br /> *'''Heteroglossia''': the qualities of a language (such as ideology, perspective, etc.) that are extralinguistic but common to all languages (see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Bakhtin#The_Dialogic_Imagination:_Chronotope.2C_Heteroglossia The Dialogic Imagination])<br /> *'''Homonymy''': the relation between two words that are spelled the same way but differ in meaning (see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Hypertext''': non-sequential, often digital, writing; writing "in which the logical connections between elements are primarily associative rather than syllogistic" (Slatin [[March 22 Class Notes]])<br /> <br /> == I ==<br /> *'''Inventio''': the system or method used for the discovery of arguments in Western rhetoric (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Intentional fallacy''': the concept that an author's words alone, not intent, should be examined because an author's mind can never be truly known (Richards [[February 1 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Interpretant''': how a person perceives a sign or representation (Peirce [[January 25 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Inter-textual variations''': differences in the way texts are structured through alphanumeric cues (headings and numbers), spatial cues (horizontal and vertical distribution of text) and graphic cues (bullets, arrows, lines, etc.) (see [https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/alred/www/pdf/kostelnick-rhetoricoftext.pdf Rhetoric of Text])<br /> *'''Intra-textual variations''': changes in typography and design within a document (see [https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/alred/www/pdf/kostelnick-rhetoricoftext.pdf Rhetoric of Text])<br /> *'''Inventio''': the system or method used for the discovery of arguments in Western rhetoric (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Isomorphous''': being of identical or similar form, shape, or structure (see [["Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences" by Mikhail Bakhtin]])<br /> *'''Instrumental value judgment''': an argument that uses values as a means to alread accepted ends, or as obstacles to their attainment (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Intuitionism''': the theory that primary truths and principles, especially those of ethics and metaphysics, are known through intuition rather than learning (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> <br /> == J ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == K ==<br /> <br /> *'''Krisis''': point of judgment, moment of decision (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> <br /> == L ==<br /> <br /> *'''Latent Content''': focus on underlying meaning (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Lexia''': parts of a text that are separated from the meaning of the work as a whole to show the multiplicity of meaning and references<br /> *'''Logology''': study of language and symbols (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Logomachies''': a dispute over or about words<br /> *'''Logos''': the logical appeal that attempts to persuade the audience using intellect and reason (Persuasive appeals: [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Logical empiricism''': the school of philosophy that combines empiricism (the idea that observational evidence is indispensable for knowledge of the world) with a version of rationalism incorporating mathematical and logico-linguistic constructs (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> <br /> == M ==<br /> <br /> *'''Manifest Content''': observable in a text, easy to spot, measured quantitatively (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Method''': procedures and techniques, such as content, discourse, and genre analysis (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Methodology''': assumptions and theories; “the underlying theory and analysis of how research does or should proceed” – Kirsch and Sullivan (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Modal Qualifiers''':<br /> <br /> == N ==<br /> *'''Natura naturans''': nature doing what nature does (see [["Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences" by Mikhail Bakhtin]])<br /> *'''Natura naurata''': nature already created (see [["Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences" by Mikhail Bakhtin]])<br /> *'''New Criticism''': a movement that viewed texts as completely autonomous (Richards [[February 1 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''New Rhetoric''': theory of argumentation (See [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Node''': any object which is linked to another object (Slatin [[March 22 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Nominalism''': the belief that universals are mere names without any reality (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> *'''Nonverbal Units''': help explore how something is communicated through physical phenomena (gestures, facial expressions) or aspects of speech (loudness, pitch, rate of speech) (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Narrative paradigm''': [[Walter Fisher]]'s theory that all forms of communication are a type of storytelling, and all human experience evolves as a type of "narrative." This was in contrast to the [[Rational World Paradigm]])<br /> <br /> == O ==<br /> <br /> *'''Object''': the action you take (Peirce [[January 25 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Organon''': an instrument for acquiring knowledge; specifically, a body of principles of scientific or philosophic investigation (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Orthographic''': projection of a single view of an object onto a drawing surface in which the lines of projection are perpendicular to the drawing surface (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> <br /> == P ==<br /> *'''Parlance''': a particular way of speaking or using words, especially a way common to those with a particular job or interest (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Paradeigma''': use of example or anecdotal evidence to prove a point (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Pathos''': the appeal to emotion and shared values; often used in advertising and thought to be manipulative but also extrmeely effective (Persuasive appeals: [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]]<br /> *'''Pejorative''': a word or phrase that has negative connotations or that is intended to disparage or belittle (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Perennial''': continuing without interruption (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Phoneme''': a unit of the phonetic system of a language that corresponds to a set of similar speech sounds perceived to be a single distinctive sound in the language (e.g., the velar \k\ of cool and the palatal \k\ of keel) (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Pisteis''': proofs, persuasive appeals: (logos, ethos, pathos); artistic (logical, logos, nonlogical, ethos and pathos) and inartistic (tangible evidence) (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> * '''Play theory''': the theory that any and all activities have rules, specific outcomes, and some sort of strategy to win (See [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process"]] )<br /> * '''Player agents''': people involved in the process of play theory (See [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process"]] )<br /> *'''Poeis''': fine arts (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Polyglossia''': the hybrid nature of language (see [[Mikhail Bakhtin]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Bakhtin#The_Dialogic_Imagination:_Chronotope.2C_Heteroglossia The Dialogic Imagination]<br /> *'''Positivist empiricism''': emphasizes role of experience and evidence especially sensory perception (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Priori''': relating to or derived by reasoning from self-evident propositions (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Promulgation''': to make known by open declaration; publish; proclaim formally or put into operation (a law, decree of a court, etc.). (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Proofs''': Justification, reasoning, argumentation. (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> <br /> == Q ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == R ==<br /> <br /> *'''Random Sampling''': assign a number to each element in the overall set, then use a random number generator to randomly select from the set (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Rationalism''': truth is not sensory, but intellectual and deductive. You only know thought through deductive reasoning. (See [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Rationalistic idealism''': criterion of truth is not sensory but intelluctual and deductive (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Rediscovers''': the effects of analogy or isomorphism with current forms of knowledge that allow the perception of forgotten or obscured figures (See [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Representame'''n: what something represents to you personally (creates in the mind of that person an equivalent sign, or perhaps a more developed sign) (Peirce [[January 25 Class Notes]])<br /> * '''Rhetoric''': (see [[Definitions of Rhetoric]])<br /> <br /> == S ==<br /> *'''Scavenge''': plucking discourse of many types from multiple sources, both historical and (near) real-time. (see [[Sidler, Michelle "Playing Scavenger and Gazer with Scientific Discourse: Opportunities and Ethics for Online Research"]])<br /> *'''Semantic''': of or relating to meaning in language (see [["Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences" by Mikhail Bakhtin]])<br /> *'''Semiology''': the study of signs (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Signified''': concept in the mind (not a thing but the notion of a thing) (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Signifier''': the material (or physical form) of the sign (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Spatiotemporal:''' Belonging to both space and time or to space-time (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> *'''Syllogism''': logical/deductive, conclusion resting on 2 premises (major, minor, conclusion) (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Supra-Textual Structuring''': affects the document globally, with section titles, page headers, tabs, page size, orientation, the placement of extra-textual elements (e.g. data display and pictures), icons, page color, and various line, textures, and marks. Supra-textual cues create visual coherence among units in a document (see [https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/alred/www/pdf/kostelnick-rhetoricoftext.pdf Rhetoric of Text])<br /> *'''Synchronic''': concerned with events existing in a limited time period and ignoring historical antecedents (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Suasory:''' Tending to persuade. (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]]) <br /> *'''Subjectivism''': doctrine that knowledge is merely subjective and that there is no external or objective truth (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Subverter''': to pervert or corrupt by an undermining of morals, allegiance, or faith (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> <br /> == T ==<br /> <br /> *'''Tautologies''': a phrase or expression in which the same thing is said twice in different words; a statement that is true by necessity or by virtue of its logical form(see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Techne''': art, craft (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Telos''': an ultimate end. (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Trivium''': An introductory curriculum at a medieval university involving the study of grammar, rhetoric, and logic. (Bryant [[February 3 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Tropism''': growth toward or away from external stimulus (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> <br /> == U ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == V ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == W ==<br /> *'''Warrant''': in the [[Toulmin Model of Argument]], an often implicit assumption that supports the inference of the claim from the data/evidence (see [[Toulmin, Stephen "The Layout of Arguments"]])<br /> <br /> == X ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == Y ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == Z ==</div>

Gretchen https://rhetorclick.com/wiki/Glossary Glossary 2012-04-13T21:02:51Z

<p>Gretchen: /* C */</p> <hr /> <div>This page is dedicated to key terms from the readings.<br /> <br /> <br /> == A ==<br /> <br /> *'''Adumbration:''' the act of providing vague advance indications of a concept to come; also known as "prefiguration" (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]]) <br /> *'''Aesthetics''': study of the mind and emotions in relation to the sense of beauty (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Affective fallacy''': coined by Wimsatt and Berdsley, the mistake of confusing a rhetorical artifact with its result; evaluating literature by its affect on the reader(see [["How to Read a Page" by I. A. Richards]])<br /> * '''Agency''': The ability to act and communicate (See [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process"]])<br /> *'''Agitator:''' someone who urges others to protest or rebel (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Aleatoric''': chaotic; random; according to chance (see [[Ede, Lisa S. and Andrea A. Lunsford "On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric"]])<br /> *'''Ancillary:''' providing necessary but secondary support to an organization, institution, or industry (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Animism''': the spiritual belief, subscribed to by Aristotle, that all objects have souls (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Antistrophos''': counterpart; opposite companion (see [[Ede, Lisa S. and Andrea A. Lunsford "On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric"]])<br /> *'''Antithetical''': in direct and unequivocal opposition (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Antilogy''': a contradiction in terms or ideas (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Aphorism''': a pithy observation that contains a general truth(see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Apodictic philosophy''': something demonstrated therefore true (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Articulation:''': a connection or linking of parts to form a unity. (see [[Hea, Amy C. Kimme "Riding The Wave"]])<br /> *'''Articulation Theory''': is well-suited to examinations of technology because it addresses a range of cultural concerns manifest in the design, development, production, circulation, and consumption of technologies. (see [[Hea, Amy C. Kimme "Riding The Wave"]])<br /> *'''Axiological:''' relating to the study of values (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> *'''Axiom''': a self-evident truth that requires no proof (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> <br /> == B ==<br /> *'''Backing''': in the [[Toulmin Model of Argument]], a fact or set of facts that support an argument's warrant (see [[Toulmin, Stephen "The Layout of Arguments"]])<br /> *'''Bombast''': pretentious or inflated speech or writing<br /> *'''Bricolage''': in art or literature, construction or creation from a diverse range of available things (see [[April 5 Class Notes]])<br /> <br /> == C ==<br /> <br /> <br /> *'''Canonical''': accepted as being accurate and authoritative (see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Categorical imperative''': the philosophical concept proposed by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanuel_Kant Immanuel Kant] that moral obligations are binding in all circumstances, regardless of positive or negative consequences (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Chariot allegory''': Socrates compares the soul to chariot horses and their rider. He believes the soul (chariot rider) is immortal and consists of one good horse and one bad horse. The soul is in constant struggle balancing and choosing between the two horses. Through the good soul only, the chariot can make it to eternity or heaven (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> *'''Classical rhetoric''': theory of persuasive discourse (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Close reading''': meticulous, word-level interpretation, rather than general analysis; has greatly influenced modern criticism (Richards [[February 1 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Compendia''': a brief summary of a larger work or of a field of knowledge (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Comprehensive Sampling''': small enough to code every item (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Continuum''': a continuous spectrum; a sequence in which the extremes are quite distinct while individual adjacent elements are similar (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Convenience Sampling''': readily available item(s) with little credibility alone (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Criterion Sampling''': texts meet certain criteria such as textual features, author attributes, intended audience, or types of media (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> <br /> == D ==<br /> <br /> *'''Data Coding''': the act of sorting and classifying information; a five-step process including identifying a set of artifacts, defining a unit worth analyzing within the set, creating codes to classify instances of that unit, testing the reliability of the work, and making it all public (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Datum''':<br /> *'''Death of the Author''': Roland Barthe's essay argues that the author's personal background should be irrelevant to interpretation of his or her writing; the concept proposed in the essay (see [[Barthes, Roland "Death of the Author"]])<br /> *'''Deictic''': denoting a word or expression whose meaning is dependent on the context in which it is used (see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Dialectic''': two-sided dialogue, formal argumentation system, conversation (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Doxa''': constantly evolving day-to-day knowledge, sometimes culturally based (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Dialectical reasoning''': moving back and forth between contrary lines of reasoning examing both arguments (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Diachronic''': relating to phenomena, often literary or cultural, as they occur or change over a period of time (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Dispositio''': the system used for the organization of arguments in Western classical rhetoric (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> <br /> == E ==<br /> *'''Ecriture''': the idea that a text's author becomes a "transcendental anonymity"; the French word for "writing"(see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Elocutio''': the mastery of stylistic elements in Western classical rhetoric and comes from the Latin ''loqui'', "to speak" (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Endoxa''': <br /> *'''Entelechy''': a realization or actuality as opposed to a potentiality; the actualization of form-giving cause as contrasted with potential existence (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Enthymeme''': abbreviated form of a syllogism which assumes one of two premises is a given (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Episteme''': knowledge of the absolute, eternal truth (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Esperanto''': an artificial international language based as far as possible on words common to the chief European languages (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Ethos''': the persuasive appeal of one's character, credibility, or apparent trustworthiness, especially how this character is established by means of speech or discourse (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]]<br /> *'''Etymology''': the study of the history of words and their evolution over time (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Evidentials''': a form of metadiscourse used to express attitudes toward knowledge (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Existentialism''': a philosophical theory emphasizing the individual as a free and responsible agent determining his or her own development through acts of the will (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Exegesis''': interpretation of a text often exploring its historical context and seeking to identify its cultural significance (see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Exordium''': the introduction, especially of a discourse or treatise (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Extrinsic''': not part of the essential nature of someone or something (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> <br /> == F ==<br /> *'''Fallacious''': containing or based on a fallacy (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> *'''Forensic speaking''': use of rhetoric to attack or defend someone in a judicial setting; defined by [[Aristotle]] as one of three forms of rhetoric (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> <br /> == G ==<br /> *'''Gaze''': to see, accidentally or on purpose, behind the curtain of public disclosure and into the private lives of research subjects. (see [[Sidler, Michelle "Playing Scavenger and Gazer with Scientific Discourse: Opportunities and Ethics for Online Research"]])<br /> * '''Genre''': a continuous and structured activity; anything that a large group of people do similarly (see [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process" ]])<br /> * '''Genre agents''': documents and websites which offer key information involved in the genre process (see [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process" ]] ) <br /> * '''Genre field''': everything that goes into making a genre (see [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process"]])<br /> <br /> == H ==<br /> <br /> *'''Heteroglossia''': the qualities of a language (such as ideology, perspective, etc.) that are extralinguistic but common to all languages (see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Bakhtin#The_Dialogic_Imagination:_Chronotope.2C_Heteroglossia The Dialogic Imagination])<br /> *'''Homonymy''': the relation between two words that are spelled the same way but differ in meaning (see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Hypertext''': non-sequential, often digital, writing; writing "in which the logical connections between elements are primarily associative rather than syllogistic" (Slatin [[March 22 Class Notes]])<br /> <br /> == I ==<br /> *'''Inventio''': the system or method used for the discovery of arguments in Western rhetoric (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Intentional fallacy''': the concept that an author's words alone, not intent, should be examined because an author's mind can never be truly known (Richards [[February 1 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Interpretant''': how a person perceives a sign or representation (Peirce [[January 25 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Inter-textual variations''': differences in the way texts are structured through alphanumeric cues (headings and numbers), spatial cues (horizontal and vertical distribution of text) and graphic cues (bullets, arrows, lines, etc.) (see [https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/alred/www/pdf/kostelnick-rhetoricoftext.pdf Rhetoric of Text])<br /> *'''Intra-textual variations''': changes in typography and design within a document (see [https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/alred/www/pdf/kostelnick-rhetoricoftext.pdf Rhetoric of Text])<br /> *'''Inventio''': the system or method used for the discovery of arguments in Western rhetoric (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Isomorphous''': being of identical or similar form, shape, or structure (see [["Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences" by Mikhail Bakhtin]])<br /> *'''Instrumental value judgment''': an argument that uses values as a means to alread accepted ends, or as obstacles to their attainment (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Intuitionism''': the theory that primary truths and principles, especially those of ethics and metaphysics, are known through intuition rather than learning (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> <br /> == J ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == K ==<br /> <br /> *'''Krisis''': point of judgment, moment of decision (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> <br /> == L ==<br /> <br /> *'''Latent Content''': focus on underlying meaning (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Lexia''': parts of a text that are separated from the meaning of the work as a whole to show the multiplicity of meaning and references<br /> *'''Logology''': study of language and symbols (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Logomachies''': a dispute over or about words<br /> *'''Logos''': the logical appeal that attempts to persuade the audience using intellect and reason (Persuasive appeals: [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Logical empiricism''': the school of philosophy that combines empiricism (the idea that observational evidence is indispensable for knowledge of the world) with a version of rationalism incorporating mathematical and logico-linguistic constructs (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> <br /> == M ==<br /> <br /> *'''Manifest Content''': observable in a text, easy to spot, measured quantitatively (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Method''': procedures and techniques, such as content, discourse, and genre analysis (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Methodology''': assumptions and theories; “the underlying theory and analysis of how research does or should proceed” – Kirsch and Sullivan (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Modal Qualifiers''':<br /> <br /> == N ==<br /> *'''Natura naturans''': nature doing what nature does (see [["Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences" by Mikhail Bakhtin]])<br /> *'''Natura naurata''': nature already created (see [["Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences" by Mikhail Bakhtin]])<br /> *'''New Criticism''': a movement that viewed texts as completely autonomous (Richards [[February 1 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''New Rhetoric''': theory of argumentation (See [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Node''': any object which is linked to another object (Slatin [[March 22 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Nominalism''': the belief that universals are mere names without any reality (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> *'''Nonverbal Units''': help explore how something is communicated through physical phenomena (gestures, facial expressions) or aspects of speech (loudness, pitch, rate of speech) (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Narrative paradigm''': [[Walter Fisher]]'s theory that all forms of communication are a type of storytelling, and all human experience evolves as a type of "narrative." This was in contrast to the [[Rational World Paradigm]])<br /> <br /> == O ==<br /> <br /> *'''Object''': the action you take (Peirce [[January 25 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Organon''': an instrument for acquiring knowledge; specifically, a body of principles of scientific or philosophic investigation (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Orthographic''': projection of a single view of an object onto a drawing surface in which the lines of projection are perpendicular to the drawing surface (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> <br /> == P ==<br /> *'''Parlance''': a particular way of speaking or using words, especially a way common to those with a particular job or interest (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Paradeigma''': use of example or anecdotal evidence to prove a point (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Pathos''': the appeal to emotion and shared values; often used in advertising and thought to be manipulative but also extrmeely effective (Persuasive appeals: [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]]<br /> *'''Pejorative''': a word or phrase that has negative connotations or that is intended to disparage or belittle (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Perennial''': continuing without interruption (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Phoneme''': a unit of the phonetic system of a language that corresponds to a set of similar speech sounds perceived to be a single distinctive sound in the language (e.g., the velar \k\ of cool and the palatal \k\ of keel) (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Pisteis''': proofs, persuasive appeals: (logos, ethos, pathos); artistic (logical, logos, nonlogical, ethos and pathos) and inartistic (tangible evidence) (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> * '''Play theory''': the theory that any and all activities have rules, specific outcomes, and some sort of strategy to win (See [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process"]] )<br /> * '''Player agents''': people involved in the process of play theory (See [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process"]] )<br /> *'''Poeis''': fine arts (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Polyglossia''': the hybrid nature of language (see [[Mikhail Bakhtin]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Bakhtin#The_Dialogic_Imagination:_Chronotope.2C_Heteroglossia The Dialogic Imagination]<br /> *'''Positivist empiricism''': emphasizes role of experience and evidence especially sensory perception (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Priori''': relating to or derived by reasoning from self-evident propositions (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Promulgation''': to make known by open declaration; publish; proclaim formally or put into operation (a law, decree of a court, etc.). (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Proofs''': Justification, reasoning, argumentation. (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> <br /> == Q ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == R ==<br /> <br /> *'''Rationalism''': truth is not sensory, but intellectual and deductive. You only know thought through deductive reasoning. (See [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Rationalistic idealism''': criterion of truth is not sensory but intelluctual and deductive (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Rediscovers''': the effects of analogy or isomorphism with current forms of knowledge that allow the perception of forgotten or obscured figures (See [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Representame'''n: what something represents to you personally (creates in the mind of that person an equivalent sign, or perhaps a more developed sign) (Peirce [[January 25 Class Notes]])<br /> * '''Rhetoric''': (see [[Definitions of Rhetoric]])<br /> <br /> == S ==<br /> *'''Scavenge''': plucking discourse of many types from multiple sources, both historical and (near) real-time. (see [[Sidler, Michelle "Playing Scavenger and Gazer with Scientific Discourse: Opportunities and Ethics for Online Research"]])<br /> *'''Semantic''': of or relating to meaning in language (see [["Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences" by Mikhail Bakhtin]])<br /> *'''Semiology''': the study of signs (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Signified''': concept in the mind (not a thing but the notion of a thing) (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Signifier''': the material (or physical form) of the sign (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Spatiotemporal:''' Belonging to both space and time or to space-time (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> *'''Syllogism''': logical/deductive, conclusion resting on 2 premises (major, minor, conclusion) (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Supra-Textual Structuring''': affects the document globally, with section titles, page headers, tabs, page size, orientation, the placement of extra-textual elements (e.g. data display and pictures), icons, page color, and various line, textures, and marks. Supra-textual cues create visual coherence among units in a document (see [https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/alred/www/pdf/kostelnick-rhetoricoftext.pdf Rhetoric of Text])<br /> *'''Synchronic''': concerned with events existing in a limited time period and ignoring historical antecedents (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Suasory:''' Tending to persuade. (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]]) <br /> *'''Subjectivism''': doctrine that knowledge is merely subjective and that there is no external or objective truth (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Subverter''': to pervert or corrupt by an undermining of morals, allegiance, or faith (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> <br /> == T ==<br /> <br /> *'''Tautologies''': a phrase or expression in which the same thing is said twice in different words; a statement that is true by necessity or by virtue of its logical form(see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Techne''': art, craft (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Telos''': an ultimate end. (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Trivium''': An introductory curriculum at a medieval university involving the study of grammar, rhetoric, and logic. (Bryant [[February 3 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Tropism''': growth toward or away from external stimulus (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> <br /> == U ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == V ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == W ==<br /> *'''Warrant''': in the [[Toulmin Model of Argument]], an often implicit assumption that supports the inference of the claim from the data/evidence (see [[Toulmin, Stephen "The Layout of Arguments"]])<br /> <br /> == X ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == Y ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == Z ==</div>

Gretchen https://rhetorclick.com/wiki/Glossary Glossary 2012-04-13T20:59:40Z

<p>Gretchen: /* L */</p> <hr /> <div>This page is dedicated to key terms from the readings.<br /> <br /> <br /> == A ==<br /> <br /> *'''Adumbration:''' the act of providing vague advance indications of a concept to come; also known as "prefiguration" (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]]) <br /> *'''Aesthetics''': study of the mind and emotions in relation to the sense of beauty (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Affective fallacy''': coined by Wimsatt and Berdsley, the mistake of confusing a rhetorical artifact with its result; evaluating literature by its affect on the reader(see [["How to Read a Page" by I. A. Richards]])<br /> * '''Agency''': The ability to act and communicate (See [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process"]])<br /> *'''Agitator:''' someone who urges others to protest or rebel (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Aleatoric''': chaotic; random; according to chance (see [[Ede, Lisa S. and Andrea A. Lunsford "On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric"]])<br /> *'''Ancillary:''' providing necessary but secondary support to an organization, institution, or industry (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Animism''': the spiritual belief, subscribed to by Aristotle, that all objects have souls (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Antistrophos''': counterpart; opposite companion (see [[Ede, Lisa S. and Andrea A. Lunsford "On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric"]])<br /> *'''Antithetical''': in direct and unequivocal opposition (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Antilogy''': a contradiction in terms or ideas (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Aphorism''': a pithy observation that contains a general truth(see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Apodictic philosophy''': something demonstrated therefore true (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Articulation:''': a connection or linking of parts to form a unity. (see [[Hea, Amy C. Kimme "Riding The Wave"]])<br /> *'''Articulation Theory''': is well-suited to examinations of technology because it addresses a range of cultural concerns manifest in the design, development, production, circulation, and consumption of technologies. (see [[Hea, Amy C. Kimme "Riding The Wave"]])<br /> *'''Axiological:''' relating to the study of values (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> *'''Axiom''': a self-evident truth that requires no proof (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> <br /> == B ==<br /> *'''Backing''': in the [[Toulmin Model of Argument]], a fact or set of facts that support an argument's warrant (see [[Toulmin, Stephen "The Layout of Arguments"]])<br /> *'''Bombast''': pretentious or inflated speech or writing<br /> *'''Bricolage''': in art or literature, construction or creation from a diverse range of available things (see [[April 5 Class Notes]])<br /> <br /> == C ==<br /> <br /> <br /> *'''Canonical''': accepted as being accurate and authoritative (see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Categorical imperative''': the philosophical concept proposed by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanuel_Kant Immanuel Kant] that moral obligations are binding in all circumstances, regardless of positive or negative consequences (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Chariot allegory''': Socrates compares the soul to chariot horses and their rider. He believes the soul (chariot rider) is immortal and consists of one good horse and one bad horse. The soul is in constant struggle balancing and choosing between the two horses. Through the good soul only, the chariot can make it to eternity or heaven (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> *'''Classical rhetoric''': theory of persuasive discourse (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Close reading''': meticulous, word-level interpretation, rather than general analysis; has greatly influenced modern criticism (Richards [[February 1 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Compendia''': a brief summary of a larger work or of a field of knowledge (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Continuum''': a continuous spectrum; a sequence in which the extremes are quite distinct while individual adjacent elements are similar (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> <br /> == D ==<br /> <br /> *'''Data Coding''': the act of sorting and classifying information; a five-step process including identifying a set of artifacts, defining a unit worth analyzing within the set, creating codes to classify instances of that unit, testing the reliability of the work, and making it all public (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Datum''':<br /> *'''Death of the Author''': Roland Barthe's essay argues that the author's personal background should be irrelevant to interpretation of his or her writing; the concept proposed in the essay (see [[Barthes, Roland "Death of the Author"]])<br /> *'''Deictic''': denoting a word or expression whose meaning is dependent on the context in which it is used (see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Dialectic''': two-sided dialogue, formal argumentation system, conversation (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Doxa''': constantly evolving day-to-day knowledge, sometimes culturally based (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Dialectical reasoning''': moving back and forth between contrary lines of reasoning examing both arguments (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Diachronic''': relating to phenomena, often literary or cultural, as they occur or change over a period of time (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Dispositio''': the system used for the organization of arguments in Western classical rhetoric (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> <br /> == E ==<br /> *'''Ecriture''': the idea that a text's author becomes a "transcendental anonymity"; the French word for "writing"(see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Elocutio''': the mastery of stylistic elements in Western classical rhetoric and comes from the Latin ''loqui'', "to speak" (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Endoxa''': <br /> *'''Entelechy''': a realization or actuality as opposed to a potentiality; the actualization of form-giving cause as contrasted with potential existence (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Enthymeme''': abbreviated form of a syllogism which assumes one of two premises is a given (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Episteme''': knowledge of the absolute, eternal truth (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Esperanto''': an artificial international language based as far as possible on words common to the chief European languages (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Ethos''': the persuasive appeal of one's character, credibility, or apparent trustworthiness, especially how this character is established by means of speech or discourse (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]]<br /> *'''Etymology''': the study of the history of words and their evolution over time (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Evidentials''': a form of metadiscourse used to express attitudes toward knowledge (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Existentialism''': a philosophical theory emphasizing the individual as a free and responsible agent determining his or her own development through acts of the will (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Exegesis''': interpretation of a text often exploring its historical context and seeking to identify its cultural significance (see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Exordium''': the introduction, especially of a discourse or treatise (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Extrinsic''': not part of the essential nature of someone or something (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> <br /> == F ==<br /> *'''Fallacious''': containing or based on a fallacy (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> *'''Forensic speaking''': use of rhetoric to attack or defend someone in a judicial setting; defined by [[Aristotle]] as one of three forms of rhetoric (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> <br /> == G ==<br /> *'''Gaze''': to see, accidentally or on purpose, behind the curtain of public disclosure and into the private lives of research subjects. (see [[Sidler, Michelle "Playing Scavenger and Gazer with Scientific Discourse: Opportunities and Ethics for Online Research"]])<br /> * '''Genre''': a continuous and structured activity; anything that a large group of people do similarly (see [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process" ]])<br /> * '''Genre agents''': documents and websites which offer key information involved in the genre process (see [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process" ]] ) <br /> * '''Genre field''': everything that goes into making a genre (see [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process"]])<br /> <br /> == H ==<br /> <br /> *'''Heteroglossia''': the qualities of a language (such as ideology, perspective, etc.) that are extralinguistic but common to all languages (see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Bakhtin#The_Dialogic_Imagination:_Chronotope.2C_Heteroglossia The Dialogic Imagination])<br /> *'''Homonymy''': the relation between two words that are spelled the same way but differ in meaning (see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Hypertext''': non-sequential, often digital, writing; writing "in which the logical connections between elements are primarily associative rather than syllogistic" (Slatin [[March 22 Class Notes]])<br /> <br /> == I ==<br /> *'''Inventio''': the system or method used for the discovery of arguments in Western rhetoric (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Intentional fallacy''': the concept that an author's words alone, not intent, should be examined because an author's mind can never be truly known (Richards [[February 1 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Interpretant''': how a person perceives a sign or representation (Peirce [[January 25 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Inter-textual variations''': differences in the way texts are structured through alphanumeric cues (headings and numbers), spatial cues (horizontal and vertical distribution of text) and graphic cues (bullets, arrows, lines, etc.) (see [https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/alred/www/pdf/kostelnick-rhetoricoftext.pdf Rhetoric of Text])<br /> *'''Intra-textual variations''': changes in typography and design within a document (see [https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/alred/www/pdf/kostelnick-rhetoricoftext.pdf Rhetoric of Text])<br /> *'''Inventio''': the system or method used for the discovery of arguments in Western rhetoric (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Isomorphous''': being of identical or similar form, shape, or structure (see [["Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences" by Mikhail Bakhtin]])<br /> *'''Instrumental value judgment''': an argument that uses values as a means to alread accepted ends, or as obstacles to their attainment (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Intuitionism''': the theory that primary truths and principles, especially those of ethics and metaphysics, are known through intuition rather than learning (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> <br /> == J ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == K ==<br /> <br /> *'''Krisis''': point of judgment, moment of decision (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> <br /> == L ==<br /> <br /> *'''Latent Content''': focus on underlying meaning (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Lexia''': parts of a text that are separated from the meaning of the work as a whole to show the multiplicity of meaning and references<br /> *'''Logology''': study of language and symbols (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Logomachies''': a dispute over or about words<br /> *'''Logos''': the logical appeal that attempts to persuade the audience using intellect and reason (Persuasive appeals: [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Logical empiricism''': the school of philosophy that combines empiricism (the idea that observational evidence is indispensable for knowledge of the world) with a version of rationalism incorporating mathematical and logico-linguistic constructs (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> <br /> == M ==<br /> <br /> *'''Manifest Content''': observable in a text, easy to spot, measured quantitatively (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Method''': procedures and techniques, such as content, discourse, and genre analysis (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Methodology''': assumptions and theories; “the underlying theory and analysis of how research does or should proceed” – Kirsch and Sullivan (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Modal Qualifiers''':<br /> <br /> == N ==<br /> *'''Natura naturans''': nature doing what nature does (see [["Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences" by Mikhail Bakhtin]])<br /> *'''Natura naurata''': nature already created (see [["Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences" by Mikhail Bakhtin]])<br /> *'''New Criticism''': a movement that viewed texts as completely autonomous (Richards [[February 1 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''New Rhetoric''': theory of argumentation (See [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Node''': any object which is linked to another object (Slatin [[March 22 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Nominalism''': the belief that universals are mere names without any reality (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> *'''Nonverbal Units''': help explore how something is communicated through physical phenomena (gestures, facial expressions) or aspects of speech (loudness, pitch, rate of speech) (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Narrative paradigm''': [[Walter Fisher]]'s theory that all forms of communication are a type of storytelling, and all human experience evolves as a type of "narrative." This was in contrast to the [[Rational World Paradigm]])<br /> <br /> == O ==<br /> <br /> *'''Object''': the action you take (Peirce [[January 25 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Organon''': an instrument for acquiring knowledge; specifically, a body of principles of scientific or philosophic investigation (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Orthographic''': projection of a single view of an object onto a drawing surface in which the lines of projection are perpendicular to the drawing surface (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> <br /> == P ==<br /> *'''Parlance''': a particular way of speaking or using words, especially a way common to those with a particular job or interest (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Paradeigma''': use of example or anecdotal evidence to prove a point (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Pathos''': the appeal to emotion and shared values; often used in advertising and thought to be manipulative but also extrmeely effective (Persuasive appeals: [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]]<br /> *'''Pejorative''': a word or phrase that has negative connotations or that is intended to disparage or belittle (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Perennial''': continuing without interruption (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Phoneme''': a unit of the phonetic system of a language that corresponds to a set of similar speech sounds perceived to be a single distinctive sound in the language (e.g., the velar \k\ of cool and the palatal \k\ of keel) (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Pisteis''': proofs, persuasive appeals: (logos, ethos, pathos); artistic (logical, logos, nonlogical, ethos and pathos) and inartistic (tangible evidence) (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> * '''Play theory''': the theory that any and all activities have rules, specific outcomes, and some sort of strategy to win (See [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process"]] )<br /> * '''Player agents''': people involved in the process of play theory (See [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process"]] )<br /> *'''Poeis''': fine arts (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Polyglossia''': the hybrid nature of language (see [[Mikhail Bakhtin]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Bakhtin#The_Dialogic_Imagination:_Chronotope.2C_Heteroglossia The Dialogic Imagination]<br /> *'''Positivist empiricism''': emphasizes role of experience and evidence especially sensory perception (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Priori''': relating to or derived by reasoning from self-evident propositions (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Promulgation''': to make known by open declaration; publish; proclaim formally or put into operation (a law, decree of a court, etc.). (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Proofs''': Justification, reasoning, argumentation. (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> <br /> == Q ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == R ==<br /> <br /> *'''Rationalism''': truth is not sensory, but intellectual and deductive. You only know thought through deductive reasoning. (See [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Rationalistic idealism''': criterion of truth is not sensory but intelluctual and deductive (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Rediscovers''': the effects of analogy or isomorphism with current forms of knowledge that allow the perception of forgotten or obscured figures (See [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Representame'''n: what something represents to you personally (creates in the mind of that person an equivalent sign, or perhaps a more developed sign) (Peirce [[January 25 Class Notes]])<br /> * '''Rhetoric''': (see [[Definitions of Rhetoric]])<br /> <br /> == S ==<br /> *'''Scavenge''': plucking discourse of many types from multiple sources, both historical and (near) real-time. (see [[Sidler, Michelle "Playing Scavenger and Gazer with Scientific Discourse: Opportunities and Ethics for Online Research"]])<br /> *'''Semantic''': of or relating to meaning in language (see [["Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences" by Mikhail Bakhtin]])<br /> *'''Semiology''': the study of signs (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Signified''': concept in the mind (not a thing but the notion of a thing) (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Signifier''': the material (or physical form) of the sign (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Spatiotemporal:''' Belonging to both space and time or to space-time (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> *'''Syllogism''': logical/deductive, conclusion resting on 2 premises (major, minor, conclusion) (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Supra-Textual Structuring''': affects the document globally, with section titles, page headers, tabs, page size, orientation, the placement of extra-textual elements (e.g. data display and pictures), icons, page color, and various line, textures, and marks. Supra-textual cues create visual coherence among units in a document (see [https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/alred/www/pdf/kostelnick-rhetoricoftext.pdf Rhetoric of Text])<br /> *'''Synchronic''': concerned with events existing in a limited time period and ignoring historical antecedents (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Suasory:''' Tending to persuade. (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]]) <br /> *'''Subjectivism''': doctrine that knowledge is merely subjective and that there is no external or objective truth (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Subverter''': to pervert or corrupt by an undermining of morals, allegiance, or faith (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> <br /> == T ==<br /> <br /> *'''Tautologies''': a phrase or expression in which the same thing is said twice in different words; a statement that is true by necessity or by virtue of its logical form(see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Techne''': art, craft (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Telos''': an ultimate end. (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Trivium''': An introductory curriculum at a medieval university involving the study of grammar, rhetoric, and logic. (Bryant [[February 3 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Tropism''': growth toward or away from external stimulus (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> <br /> == U ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == V ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == W ==<br /> *'''Warrant''': in the [[Toulmin Model of Argument]], an often implicit assumption that supports the inference of the claim from the data/evidence (see [[Toulmin, Stephen "The Layout of Arguments"]])<br /> <br /> == X ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == Y ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == Z ==</div>

Gretchen https://rhetorclick.com/wiki/Glossary Glossary 2012-04-13T20:59:00Z

<p>Gretchen: /* E */</p> <hr /> <div>This page is dedicated to key terms from the readings.<br /> <br /> <br /> == A ==<br /> <br /> *'''Adumbration:''' the act of providing vague advance indications of a concept to come; also known as "prefiguration" (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]]) <br /> *'''Aesthetics''': study of the mind and emotions in relation to the sense of beauty (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Affective fallacy''': coined by Wimsatt and Berdsley, the mistake of confusing a rhetorical artifact with its result; evaluating literature by its affect on the reader(see [["How to Read a Page" by I. A. Richards]])<br /> * '''Agency''': The ability to act and communicate (See [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process"]])<br /> *'''Agitator:''' someone who urges others to protest or rebel (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Aleatoric''': chaotic; random; according to chance (see [[Ede, Lisa S. and Andrea A. Lunsford "On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric"]])<br /> *'''Ancillary:''' providing necessary but secondary support to an organization, institution, or industry (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Animism''': the spiritual belief, subscribed to by Aristotle, that all objects have souls (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Antistrophos''': counterpart; opposite companion (see [[Ede, Lisa S. and Andrea A. Lunsford "On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric"]])<br /> *'''Antithetical''': in direct and unequivocal opposition (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Antilogy''': a contradiction in terms or ideas (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Aphorism''': a pithy observation that contains a general truth(see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Apodictic philosophy''': something demonstrated therefore true (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Articulation:''': a connection or linking of parts to form a unity. (see [[Hea, Amy C. Kimme "Riding The Wave"]])<br /> *'''Articulation Theory''': is well-suited to examinations of technology because it addresses a range of cultural concerns manifest in the design, development, production, circulation, and consumption of technologies. (see [[Hea, Amy C. Kimme "Riding The Wave"]])<br /> *'''Axiological:''' relating to the study of values (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> *'''Axiom''': a self-evident truth that requires no proof (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> <br /> == B ==<br /> *'''Backing''': in the [[Toulmin Model of Argument]], a fact or set of facts that support an argument's warrant (see [[Toulmin, Stephen "The Layout of Arguments"]])<br /> *'''Bombast''': pretentious or inflated speech or writing<br /> *'''Bricolage''': in art or literature, construction or creation from a diverse range of available things (see [[April 5 Class Notes]])<br /> <br /> == C ==<br /> <br /> <br /> *'''Canonical''': accepted as being accurate and authoritative (see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Categorical imperative''': the philosophical concept proposed by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanuel_Kant Immanuel Kant] that moral obligations are binding in all circumstances, regardless of positive or negative consequences (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Chariot allegory''': Socrates compares the soul to chariot horses and their rider. He believes the soul (chariot rider) is immortal and consists of one good horse and one bad horse. The soul is in constant struggle balancing and choosing between the two horses. Through the good soul only, the chariot can make it to eternity or heaven (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> *'''Classical rhetoric''': theory of persuasive discourse (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Close reading''': meticulous, word-level interpretation, rather than general analysis; has greatly influenced modern criticism (Richards [[February 1 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Compendia''': a brief summary of a larger work or of a field of knowledge (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Continuum''': a continuous spectrum; a sequence in which the extremes are quite distinct while individual adjacent elements are similar (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> <br /> == D ==<br /> <br /> *'''Data Coding''': the act of sorting and classifying information; a five-step process including identifying a set of artifacts, defining a unit worth analyzing within the set, creating codes to classify instances of that unit, testing the reliability of the work, and making it all public (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Datum''':<br /> *'''Death of the Author''': Roland Barthe's essay argues that the author's personal background should be irrelevant to interpretation of his or her writing; the concept proposed in the essay (see [[Barthes, Roland "Death of the Author"]])<br /> *'''Deictic''': denoting a word or expression whose meaning is dependent on the context in which it is used (see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Dialectic''': two-sided dialogue, formal argumentation system, conversation (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Doxa''': constantly evolving day-to-day knowledge, sometimes culturally based (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Dialectical reasoning''': moving back and forth between contrary lines of reasoning examing both arguments (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Diachronic''': relating to phenomena, often literary or cultural, as they occur or change over a period of time (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Dispositio''': the system used for the organization of arguments in Western classical rhetoric (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> <br /> == E ==<br /> *'''Ecriture''': the idea that a text's author becomes a "transcendental anonymity"; the French word for "writing"(see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Elocutio''': the mastery of stylistic elements in Western classical rhetoric and comes from the Latin ''loqui'', "to speak" (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Endoxa''': <br /> *'''Entelechy''': a realization or actuality as opposed to a potentiality; the actualization of form-giving cause as contrasted with potential existence (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Enthymeme''': abbreviated form of a syllogism which assumes one of two premises is a given (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Episteme''': knowledge of the absolute, eternal truth (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Esperanto''': an artificial international language based as far as possible on words common to the chief European languages (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Ethos''': the persuasive appeal of one's character, credibility, or apparent trustworthiness, especially how this character is established by means of speech or discourse (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]]<br /> *'''Etymology''': the study of the history of words and their evolution over time (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Evidentials''': a form of metadiscourse used to express attitudes toward knowledge (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Existentialism''': a philosophical theory emphasizing the individual as a free and responsible agent determining his or her own development through acts of the will (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Exegesis''': interpretation of a text often exploring its historical context and seeking to identify its cultural significance (see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Exordium''': the introduction, especially of a discourse or treatise (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Extrinsic''': not part of the essential nature of someone or something (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> <br /> == F ==<br /> *'''Fallacious''': containing or based on a fallacy (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> *'''Forensic speaking''': use of rhetoric to attack or defend someone in a judicial setting; defined by [[Aristotle]] as one of three forms of rhetoric (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> <br /> == G ==<br /> *'''Gaze''': to see, accidentally or on purpose, behind the curtain of public disclosure and into the private lives of research subjects. (see [[Sidler, Michelle "Playing Scavenger and Gazer with Scientific Discourse: Opportunities and Ethics for Online Research"]])<br /> * '''Genre''': a continuous and structured activity; anything that a large group of people do similarly (see [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process" ]])<br /> * '''Genre agents''': documents and websites which offer key information involved in the genre process (see [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process" ]] ) <br /> * '''Genre field''': everything that goes into making a genre (see [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process"]])<br /> <br /> == H ==<br /> <br /> *'''Heteroglossia''': the qualities of a language (such as ideology, perspective, etc.) that are extralinguistic but common to all languages (see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Bakhtin#The_Dialogic_Imagination:_Chronotope.2C_Heteroglossia The Dialogic Imagination])<br /> *'''Homonymy''': the relation between two words that are spelled the same way but differ in meaning (see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Hypertext''': non-sequential, often digital, writing; writing "in which the logical connections between elements are primarily associative rather than syllogistic" (Slatin [[March 22 Class Notes]])<br /> <br /> == I ==<br /> *'''Inventio''': the system or method used for the discovery of arguments in Western rhetoric (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Intentional fallacy''': the concept that an author's words alone, not intent, should be examined because an author's mind can never be truly known (Richards [[February 1 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Interpretant''': how a person perceives a sign or representation (Peirce [[January 25 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Inter-textual variations''': differences in the way texts are structured through alphanumeric cues (headings and numbers), spatial cues (horizontal and vertical distribution of text) and graphic cues (bullets, arrows, lines, etc.) (see [https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/alred/www/pdf/kostelnick-rhetoricoftext.pdf Rhetoric of Text])<br /> *'''Intra-textual variations''': changes in typography and design within a document (see [https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/alred/www/pdf/kostelnick-rhetoricoftext.pdf Rhetoric of Text])<br /> *'''Inventio''': the system or method used for the discovery of arguments in Western rhetoric (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Isomorphous''': being of identical or similar form, shape, or structure (see [["Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences" by Mikhail Bakhtin]])<br /> *'''Instrumental value judgment''': an argument that uses values as a means to alread accepted ends, or as obstacles to their attainment (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Intuitionism''': the theory that primary truths and principles, especially those of ethics and metaphysics, are known through intuition rather than learning (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> <br /> == J ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == K ==<br /> <br /> *'''Krisis''': point of judgment, moment of decision (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> <br /> == L ==<br /> <br /> *'''Lexia''': parts of a text that are separated from the meaning of the work as a whole to show the multiplicity of meaning and references<br /> *'''Logology''': study of language and symbols (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Logomachies''': a dispute over or about words<br /> *'''Logos''': the logical appeal that attempts to persuade the audience using intellect and reason (Persuasive appeals: [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Logical empiricism''': the school of philosophy that combines empiricism (the idea that observational evidence is indispensable for knowledge of the world) with a version of rationalism incorporating mathematical and logico-linguistic constructs (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> <br /> == M ==<br /> <br /> *'''Manifest Content''': observable in a text, easy to spot, measured quantitatively (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Method''': procedures and techniques, such as content, discourse, and genre analysis (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Methodology''': assumptions and theories; “the underlying theory and analysis of how research does or should proceed” – Kirsch and Sullivan (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Modal Qualifiers''':<br /> <br /> == N ==<br /> *'''Natura naturans''': nature doing what nature does (see [["Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences" by Mikhail Bakhtin]])<br /> *'''Natura naurata''': nature already created (see [["Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences" by Mikhail Bakhtin]])<br /> *'''New Criticism''': a movement that viewed texts as completely autonomous (Richards [[February 1 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''New Rhetoric''': theory of argumentation (See [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Node''': any object which is linked to another object (Slatin [[March 22 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Nominalism''': the belief that universals are mere names without any reality (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> *'''Nonverbal Units''': help explore how something is communicated through physical phenomena (gestures, facial expressions) or aspects of speech (loudness, pitch, rate of speech) (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Narrative paradigm''': [[Walter Fisher]]'s theory that all forms of communication are a type of storytelling, and all human experience evolves as a type of "narrative." This was in contrast to the [[Rational World Paradigm]])<br /> <br /> == O ==<br /> <br /> *'''Object''': the action you take (Peirce [[January 25 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Organon''': an instrument for acquiring knowledge; specifically, a body of principles of scientific or philosophic investigation (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Orthographic''': projection of a single view of an object onto a drawing surface in which the lines of projection are perpendicular to the drawing surface (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> <br /> == P ==<br /> *'''Parlance''': a particular way of speaking or using words, especially a way common to those with a particular job or interest (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Paradeigma''': use of example or anecdotal evidence to prove a point (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Pathos''': the appeal to emotion and shared values; often used in advertising and thought to be manipulative but also extrmeely effective (Persuasive appeals: [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]]<br /> *'''Pejorative''': a word or phrase that has negative connotations or that is intended to disparage or belittle (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Perennial''': continuing without interruption (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Phoneme''': a unit of the phonetic system of a language that corresponds to a set of similar speech sounds perceived to be a single distinctive sound in the language (e.g., the velar \k\ of cool and the palatal \k\ of keel) (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Pisteis''': proofs, persuasive appeals: (logos, ethos, pathos); artistic (logical, logos, nonlogical, ethos and pathos) and inartistic (tangible evidence) (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> * '''Play theory''': the theory that any and all activities have rules, specific outcomes, and some sort of strategy to win (See [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process"]] )<br /> * '''Player agents''': people involved in the process of play theory (See [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process"]] )<br /> *'''Poeis''': fine arts (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Polyglossia''': the hybrid nature of language (see [[Mikhail Bakhtin]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Bakhtin#The_Dialogic_Imagination:_Chronotope.2C_Heteroglossia The Dialogic Imagination]<br /> *'''Positivist empiricism''': emphasizes role of experience and evidence especially sensory perception (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Priori''': relating to or derived by reasoning from self-evident propositions (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Promulgation''': to make known by open declaration; publish; proclaim formally or put into operation (a law, decree of a court, etc.). (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Proofs''': Justification, reasoning, argumentation. (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> <br /> == Q ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == R ==<br /> <br /> *'''Rationalism''': truth is not sensory, but intellectual and deductive. You only know thought through deductive reasoning. (See [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Rationalistic idealism''': criterion of truth is not sensory but intelluctual and deductive (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Rediscovers''': the effects of analogy or isomorphism with current forms of knowledge that allow the perception of forgotten or obscured figures (See [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Representame'''n: what something represents to you personally (creates in the mind of that person an equivalent sign, or perhaps a more developed sign) (Peirce [[January 25 Class Notes]])<br /> * '''Rhetoric''': (see [[Definitions of Rhetoric]])<br /> <br /> == S ==<br /> *'''Scavenge''': plucking discourse of many types from multiple sources, both historical and (near) real-time. (see [[Sidler, Michelle "Playing Scavenger and Gazer with Scientific Discourse: Opportunities and Ethics for Online Research"]])<br /> *'''Semantic''': of or relating to meaning in language (see [["Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences" by Mikhail Bakhtin]])<br /> *'''Semiology''': the study of signs (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Signified''': concept in the mind (not a thing but the notion of a thing) (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Signifier''': the material (or physical form) of the sign (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Spatiotemporal:''' Belonging to both space and time or to space-time (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> *'''Syllogism''': logical/deductive, conclusion resting on 2 premises (major, minor, conclusion) (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Supra-Textual Structuring''': affects the document globally, with section titles, page headers, tabs, page size, orientation, the placement of extra-textual elements (e.g. data display and pictures), icons, page color, and various line, textures, and marks. Supra-textual cues create visual coherence among units in a document (see [https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/alred/www/pdf/kostelnick-rhetoricoftext.pdf Rhetoric of Text])<br /> *'''Synchronic''': concerned with events existing in a limited time period and ignoring historical antecedents (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Suasory:''' Tending to persuade. (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]]) <br /> *'''Subjectivism''': doctrine that knowledge is merely subjective and that there is no external or objective truth (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Subverter''': to pervert or corrupt by an undermining of morals, allegiance, or faith (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> <br /> == T ==<br /> <br /> *'''Tautologies''': a phrase or expression in which the same thing is said twice in different words; a statement that is true by necessity or by virtue of its logical form(see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Techne''': art, craft (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Telos''': an ultimate end. (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Trivium''': An introductory curriculum at a medieval university involving the study of grammar, rhetoric, and logic. (Bryant [[February 3 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Tropism''': growth toward or away from external stimulus (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> <br /> == U ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == V ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == W ==<br /> *'''Warrant''': in the [[Toulmin Model of Argument]], an often implicit assumption that supports the inference of the claim from the data/evidence (see [[Toulmin, Stephen "The Layout of Arguments"]])<br /> <br /> == X ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == Y ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == Z ==</div>

Gretchen https://rhetorclick.com/wiki/Glossary Glossary 2012-04-13T20:57:34Z

<p>Gretchen: /* N */</p> <hr /> <div>This page is dedicated to key terms from the readings.<br /> <br /> <br /> == A ==<br /> <br /> *'''Adumbration:''' the act of providing vague advance indications of a concept to come; also known as "prefiguration" (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]]) <br /> *'''Aesthetics''': study of the mind and emotions in relation to the sense of beauty (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Affective fallacy''': coined by Wimsatt and Berdsley, the mistake of confusing a rhetorical artifact with its result; evaluating literature by its affect on the reader(see [["How to Read a Page" by I. A. Richards]])<br /> * '''Agency''': The ability to act and communicate (See [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process"]])<br /> *'''Agitator:''' someone who urges others to protest or rebel (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Aleatoric''': chaotic; random; according to chance (see [[Ede, Lisa S. and Andrea A. Lunsford "On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric"]])<br /> *'''Ancillary:''' providing necessary but secondary support to an organization, institution, or industry (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Animism''': the spiritual belief, subscribed to by Aristotle, that all objects have souls (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Antistrophos''': counterpart; opposite companion (see [[Ede, Lisa S. and Andrea A. Lunsford "On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric"]])<br /> *'''Antithetical''': in direct and unequivocal opposition (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Antilogy''': a contradiction in terms or ideas (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Aphorism''': a pithy observation that contains a general truth(see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Apodictic philosophy''': something demonstrated therefore true (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Articulation:''': a connection or linking of parts to form a unity. (see [[Hea, Amy C. Kimme "Riding The Wave"]])<br /> *'''Articulation Theory''': is well-suited to examinations of technology because it addresses a range of cultural concerns manifest in the design, development, production, circulation, and consumption of technologies. (see [[Hea, Amy C. Kimme "Riding The Wave"]])<br /> *'''Axiological:''' relating to the study of values (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> *'''Axiom''': a self-evident truth that requires no proof (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> <br /> == B ==<br /> *'''Backing''': in the [[Toulmin Model of Argument]], a fact or set of facts that support an argument's warrant (see [[Toulmin, Stephen "The Layout of Arguments"]])<br /> *'''Bombast''': pretentious or inflated speech or writing<br /> *'''Bricolage''': in art or literature, construction or creation from a diverse range of available things (see [[April 5 Class Notes]])<br /> <br /> == C ==<br /> <br /> <br /> *'''Canonical''': accepted as being accurate and authoritative (see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Categorical imperative''': the philosophical concept proposed by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanuel_Kant Immanuel Kant] that moral obligations are binding in all circumstances, regardless of positive or negative consequences (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Chariot allegory''': Socrates compares the soul to chariot horses and their rider. He believes the soul (chariot rider) is immortal and consists of one good horse and one bad horse. The soul is in constant struggle balancing and choosing between the two horses. Through the good soul only, the chariot can make it to eternity or heaven (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> *'''Classical rhetoric''': theory of persuasive discourse (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Close reading''': meticulous, word-level interpretation, rather than general analysis; has greatly influenced modern criticism (Richards [[February 1 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Compendia''': a brief summary of a larger work or of a field of knowledge (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Continuum''': a continuous spectrum; a sequence in which the extremes are quite distinct while individual adjacent elements are similar (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> <br /> == D ==<br /> <br /> *'''Data Coding''': the act of sorting and classifying information; a five-step process including identifying a set of artifacts, defining a unit worth analyzing within the set, creating codes to classify instances of that unit, testing the reliability of the work, and making it all public (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Datum''':<br /> *'''Death of the Author''': Roland Barthe's essay argues that the author's personal background should be irrelevant to interpretation of his or her writing; the concept proposed in the essay (see [[Barthes, Roland "Death of the Author"]])<br /> *'''Deictic''': denoting a word or expression whose meaning is dependent on the context in which it is used (see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Dialectic''': two-sided dialogue, formal argumentation system, conversation (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Doxa''': constantly evolving day-to-day knowledge, sometimes culturally based (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Dialectical reasoning''': moving back and forth between contrary lines of reasoning examing both arguments (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Diachronic''': relating to phenomena, often literary or cultural, as they occur or change over a period of time (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Dispositio''': the system used for the organization of arguments in Western classical rhetoric (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> <br /> == E ==<br /> *'''Ecriture''': the idea that a text's author becomes a "transcendental anonymity"; the French word for "writing"(see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Elocutio''': the mastery of stylistic elements in Western classical rhetoric and comes from the Latin ''loqui'', "to speak" (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Endoxa''': <br /> *'''Entelechy''': a realization or actuality as opposed to a potentiality; the actualization of form-giving cause as contrasted with potential existence (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Enthymeme''': abbreviated form of a syllogism which assumes one of two premises is a given (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Episteme''': knowledge of the absolute, eternal truth (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Esperanto''': an artificial international language based as far as possible on words common to the chief European languages (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Ethos''': the persuasive appeal of one's character, credibility, or apparent trustworthiness, especially how this character is established by means of speech or discourse (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]]<br /> *'''Etymology''': the study of the history of words and their evolution over time (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Existentialism''': a philosophical theory emphasizing the individual as a free and responsible agent determining his or her own development through acts of the will (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Exegesis''': interpretation of a text often exploring its historical context and seeking to identify its cultural significance (see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Exordium''': the introduction, especially of a discourse or treatise (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Extrinsic''': not part of the essential nature of someone or something (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> <br /> == F ==<br /> *'''Fallacious''': containing or based on a fallacy (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> *'''Forensic speaking''': use of rhetoric to attack or defend someone in a judicial setting; defined by [[Aristotle]] as one of three forms of rhetoric (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> <br /> == G ==<br /> *'''Gaze''': to see, accidentally or on purpose, behind the curtain of public disclosure and into the private lives of research subjects. (see [[Sidler, Michelle "Playing Scavenger and Gazer with Scientific Discourse: Opportunities and Ethics for Online Research"]])<br /> * '''Genre''': a continuous and structured activity; anything that a large group of people do similarly (see [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process" ]])<br /> * '''Genre agents''': documents and websites which offer key information involved in the genre process (see [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process" ]] ) <br /> * '''Genre field''': everything that goes into making a genre (see [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process"]])<br /> <br /> == H ==<br /> <br /> *'''Heteroglossia''': the qualities of a language (such as ideology, perspective, etc.) that are extralinguistic but common to all languages (see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Bakhtin#The_Dialogic_Imagination:_Chronotope.2C_Heteroglossia The Dialogic Imagination])<br /> *'''Homonymy''': the relation between two words that are spelled the same way but differ in meaning (see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Hypertext''': non-sequential, often digital, writing; writing "in which the logical connections between elements are primarily associative rather than syllogistic" (Slatin [[March 22 Class Notes]])<br /> <br /> == I ==<br /> *'''Inventio''': the system or method used for the discovery of arguments in Western rhetoric (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Intentional fallacy''': the concept that an author's words alone, not intent, should be examined because an author's mind can never be truly known (Richards [[February 1 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Interpretant''': how a person perceives a sign or representation (Peirce [[January 25 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Inter-textual variations''': differences in the way texts are structured through alphanumeric cues (headings and numbers), spatial cues (horizontal and vertical distribution of text) and graphic cues (bullets, arrows, lines, etc.) (see [https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/alred/www/pdf/kostelnick-rhetoricoftext.pdf Rhetoric of Text])<br /> *'''Intra-textual variations''': changes in typography and design within a document (see [https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/alred/www/pdf/kostelnick-rhetoricoftext.pdf Rhetoric of Text])<br /> *'''Inventio''': the system or method used for the discovery of arguments in Western rhetoric (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Isomorphous''': being of identical or similar form, shape, or structure (see [["Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences" by Mikhail Bakhtin]])<br /> *'''Instrumental value judgment''': an argument that uses values as a means to alread accepted ends, or as obstacles to their attainment (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Intuitionism''': the theory that primary truths and principles, especially those of ethics and metaphysics, are known through intuition rather than learning (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> <br /> == J ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == K ==<br /> <br /> *'''Krisis''': point of judgment, moment of decision (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> <br /> == L ==<br /> <br /> *'''Lexia''': parts of a text that are separated from the meaning of the work as a whole to show the multiplicity of meaning and references<br /> *'''Logology''': study of language and symbols (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Logomachies''': a dispute over or about words<br /> *'''Logos''': the logical appeal that attempts to persuade the audience using intellect and reason (Persuasive appeals: [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Logical empiricism''': the school of philosophy that combines empiricism (the idea that observational evidence is indispensable for knowledge of the world) with a version of rationalism incorporating mathematical and logico-linguistic constructs (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> <br /> == M ==<br /> <br /> *'''Manifest Content''': observable in a text, easy to spot, measured quantitatively (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Method''': procedures and techniques, such as content, discourse, and genre analysis (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Methodology''': assumptions and theories; “the underlying theory and analysis of how research does or should proceed” – Kirsch and Sullivan (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Modal Qualifiers''':<br /> <br /> == N ==<br /> *'''Natura naturans''': nature doing what nature does (see [["Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences" by Mikhail Bakhtin]])<br /> *'''Natura naurata''': nature already created (see [["Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences" by Mikhail Bakhtin]])<br /> *'''New Criticism''': a movement that viewed texts as completely autonomous (Richards [[February 1 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''New Rhetoric''': theory of argumentation (See [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Node''': any object which is linked to another object (Slatin [[March 22 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Nominalism''': the belief that universals are mere names without any reality (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> *'''Nonverbal Units''': help explore how something is communicated through physical phenomena (gestures, facial expressions) or aspects of speech (loudness, pitch, rate of speech) (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Narrative paradigm''': [[Walter Fisher]]'s theory that all forms of communication are a type of storytelling, and all human experience evolves as a type of "narrative." This was in contrast to the [[Rational World Paradigm]])<br /> <br /> == O ==<br /> <br /> *'''Object''': the action you take (Peirce [[January 25 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Organon''': an instrument for acquiring knowledge; specifically, a body of principles of scientific or philosophic investigation (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Orthographic''': projection of a single view of an object onto a drawing surface in which the lines of projection are perpendicular to the drawing surface (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> <br /> == P ==<br /> *'''Parlance''': a particular way of speaking or using words, especially a way common to those with a particular job or interest (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Paradeigma''': use of example or anecdotal evidence to prove a point (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Pathos''': the appeal to emotion and shared values; often used in advertising and thought to be manipulative but also extrmeely effective (Persuasive appeals: [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]]<br /> *'''Pejorative''': a word or phrase that has negative connotations or that is intended to disparage or belittle (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Perennial''': continuing without interruption (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Phoneme''': a unit of the phonetic system of a language that corresponds to a set of similar speech sounds perceived to be a single distinctive sound in the language (e.g., the velar \k\ of cool and the palatal \k\ of keel) (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Pisteis''': proofs, persuasive appeals: (logos, ethos, pathos); artistic (logical, logos, nonlogical, ethos and pathos) and inartistic (tangible evidence) (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> * '''Play theory''': the theory that any and all activities have rules, specific outcomes, and some sort of strategy to win (See [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process"]] )<br /> * '''Player agents''': people involved in the process of play theory (See [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process"]] )<br /> *'''Poeis''': fine arts (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Polyglossia''': the hybrid nature of language (see [[Mikhail Bakhtin]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Bakhtin#The_Dialogic_Imagination:_Chronotope.2C_Heteroglossia The Dialogic Imagination]<br /> *'''Positivist empiricism''': emphasizes role of experience and evidence especially sensory perception (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Priori''': relating to or derived by reasoning from self-evident propositions (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Promulgation''': to make known by open declaration; publish; proclaim formally or put into operation (a law, decree of a court, etc.). (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Proofs''': Justification, reasoning, argumentation. (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> <br /> == Q ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == R ==<br /> <br /> *'''Rationalism''': truth is not sensory, but intellectual and deductive. You only know thought through deductive reasoning. (See [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Rationalistic idealism''': criterion of truth is not sensory but intelluctual and deductive (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Rediscovers''': the effects of analogy or isomorphism with current forms of knowledge that allow the perception of forgotten or obscured figures (See [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Representame'''n: what something represents to you personally (creates in the mind of that person an equivalent sign, or perhaps a more developed sign) (Peirce [[January 25 Class Notes]])<br /> * '''Rhetoric''': (see [[Definitions of Rhetoric]])<br /> <br /> == S ==<br /> *'''Scavenge''': plucking discourse of many types from multiple sources, both historical and (near) real-time. (see [[Sidler, Michelle "Playing Scavenger and Gazer with Scientific Discourse: Opportunities and Ethics for Online Research"]])<br /> *'''Semantic''': of or relating to meaning in language (see [["Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences" by Mikhail Bakhtin]])<br /> *'''Semiology''': the study of signs (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Signified''': concept in the mind (not a thing but the notion of a thing) (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Signifier''': the material (or physical form) of the sign (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Spatiotemporal:''' Belonging to both space and time or to space-time (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> *'''Syllogism''': logical/deductive, conclusion resting on 2 premises (major, minor, conclusion) (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Supra-Textual Structuring''': affects the document globally, with section titles, page headers, tabs, page size, orientation, the placement of extra-textual elements (e.g. data display and pictures), icons, page color, and various line, textures, and marks. Supra-textual cues create visual coherence among units in a document (see [https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/alred/www/pdf/kostelnick-rhetoricoftext.pdf Rhetoric of Text])<br /> *'''Synchronic''': concerned with events existing in a limited time period and ignoring historical antecedents (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Suasory:''' Tending to persuade. (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]]) <br /> *'''Subjectivism''': doctrine that knowledge is merely subjective and that there is no external or objective truth (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Subverter''': to pervert or corrupt by an undermining of morals, allegiance, or faith (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> <br /> == T ==<br /> <br /> *'''Tautologies''': a phrase or expression in which the same thing is said twice in different words; a statement that is true by necessity or by virtue of its logical form(see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Techne''': art, craft (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Telos''': an ultimate end. (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Trivium''': An introductory curriculum at a medieval university involving the study of grammar, rhetoric, and logic. (Bryant [[February 3 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Tropism''': growth toward or away from external stimulus (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> <br /> == U ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == V ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == W ==<br /> *'''Warrant''': in the [[Toulmin Model of Argument]], an often implicit assumption that supports the inference of the claim from the data/evidence (see [[Toulmin, Stephen "The Layout of Arguments"]])<br /> <br /> == X ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == Y ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == Z ==</div>

Gretchen https://rhetorclick.com/wiki/Glossary Glossary 2012-04-13T20:53:02Z

<p>Gretchen: /* M */</p> <hr /> <div>This page is dedicated to key terms from the readings.<br /> <br /> <br /> == A ==<br /> <br /> *'''Adumbration:''' the act of providing vague advance indications of a concept to come; also known as "prefiguration" (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]]) <br /> *'''Aesthetics''': study of the mind and emotions in relation to the sense of beauty (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Affective fallacy''': coined by Wimsatt and Berdsley, the mistake of confusing a rhetorical artifact with its result; evaluating literature by its affect on the reader(see [["How to Read a Page" by I. A. Richards]])<br /> * '''Agency''': The ability to act and communicate (See [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process"]])<br /> *'''Agitator:''' someone who urges others to protest or rebel (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Aleatoric''': chaotic; random; according to chance (see [[Ede, Lisa S. and Andrea A. Lunsford "On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric"]])<br /> *'''Ancillary:''' providing necessary but secondary support to an organization, institution, or industry (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Animism''': the spiritual belief, subscribed to by Aristotle, that all objects have souls (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Antistrophos''': counterpart; opposite companion (see [[Ede, Lisa S. and Andrea A. Lunsford "On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric"]])<br /> *'''Antithetical''': in direct and unequivocal opposition (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Antilogy''': a contradiction in terms or ideas (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Aphorism''': a pithy observation that contains a general truth(see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Apodictic philosophy''': something demonstrated therefore true (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Articulation:''': a connection or linking of parts to form a unity. (see [[Hea, Amy C. Kimme "Riding The Wave"]])<br /> *'''Articulation Theory''': is well-suited to examinations of technology because it addresses a range of cultural concerns manifest in the design, development, production, circulation, and consumption of technologies. (see [[Hea, Amy C. Kimme "Riding The Wave"]])<br /> *'''Axiological:''' relating to the study of values (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> *'''Axiom''': a self-evident truth that requires no proof (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> <br /> == B ==<br /> *'''Backing''': in the [[Toulmin Model of Argument]], a fact or set of facts that support an argument's warrant (see [[Toulmin, Stephen "The Layout of Arguments"]])<br /> *'''Bombast''': pretentious or inflated speech or writing<br /> *'''Bricolage''': in art or literature, construction or creation from a diverse range of available things (see [[April 5 Class Notes]])<br /> <br /> == C ==<br /> <br /> <br /> *'''Canonical''': accepted as being accurate and authoritative (see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Categorical imperative''': the philosophical concept proposed by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanuel_Kant Immanuel Kant] that moral obligations are binding in all circumstances, regardless of positive or negative consequences (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Chariot allegory''': Socrates compares the soul to chariot horses and their rider. He believes the soul (chariot rider) is immortal and consists of one good horse and one bad horse. The soul is in constant struggle balancing and choosing between the two horses. Through the good soul only, the chariot can make it to eternity or heaven (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> *'''Classical rhetoric''': theory of persuasive discourse (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Close reading''': meticulous, word-level interpretation, rather than general analysis; has greatly influenced modern criticism (Richards [[February 1 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Compendia''': a brief summary of a larger work or of a field of knowledge (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Continuum''': a continuous spectrum; a sequence in which the extremes are quite distinct while individual adjacent elements are similar (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> <br /> == D ==<br /> <br /> *'''Data Coding''': the act of sorting and classifying information; a five-step process including identifying a set of artifacts, defining a unit worth analyzing within the set, creating codes to classify instances of that unit, testing the reliability of the work, and making it all public (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Datum''':<br /> *'''Death of the Author''': Roland Barthe's essay argues that the author's personal background should be irrelevant to interpretation of his or her writing; the concept proposed in the essay (see [[Barthes, Roland "Death of the Author"]])<br /> *'''Deictic''': denoting a word or expression whose meaning is dependent on the context in which it is used (see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Dialectic''': two-sided dialogue, formal argumentation system, conversation (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Doxa''': constantly evolving day-to-day knowledge, sometimes culturally based (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Dialectical reasoning''': moving back and forth between contrary lines of reasoning examing both arguments (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Diachronic''': relating to phenomena, often literary or cultural, as they occur or change over a period of time (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Dispositio''': the system used for the organization of arguments in Western classical rhetoric (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> <br /> == E ==<br /> *'''Ecriture''': the idea that a text's author becomes a "transcendental anonymity"; the French word for "writing"(see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Elocutio''': the mastery of stylistic elements in Western classical rhetoric and comes from the Latin ''loqui'', "to speak" (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Endoxa''': <br /> *'''Entelechy''': a realization or actuality as opposed to a potentiality; the actualization of form-giving cause as contrasted with potential existence (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Enthymeme''': abbreviated form of a syllogism which assumes one of two premises is a given (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Episteme''': knowledge of the absolute, eternal truth (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Esperanto''': an artificial international language based as far as possible on words common to the chief European languages (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Ethos''': the persuasive appeal of one's character, credibility, or apparent trustworthiness, especially how this character is established by means of speech or discourse (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]]<br /> *'''Etymology''': the study of the history of words and their evolution over time (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Existentialism''': a philosophical theory emphasizing the individual as a free and responsible agent determining his or her own development through acts of the will (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Exegesis''': interpretation of a text often exploring its historical context and seeking to identify its cultural significance (see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Exordium''': the introduction, especially of a discourse or treatise (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Extrinsic''': not part of the essential nature of someone or something (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> <br /> == F ==<br /> *'''Fallacious''': containing or based on a fallacy (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> *'''Forensic speaking''': use of rhetoric to attack or defend someone in a judicial setting; defined by [[Aristotle]] as one of three forms of rhetoric (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> <br /> == G ==<br /> *'''Gaze''': to see, accidentally or on purpose, behind the curtain of public disclosure and into the private lives of research subjects. (see [[Sidler, Michelle "Playing Scavenger and Gazer with Scientific Discourse: Opportunities and Ethics for Online Research"]])<br /> * '''Genre''': a continuous and structured activity; anything that a large group of people do similarly (see [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process" ]])<br /> * '''Genre agents''': documents and websites which offer key information involved in the genre process (see [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process" ]] ) <br /> * '''Genre field''': everything that goes into making a genre (see [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process"]])<br /> <br /> == H ==<br /> <br /> *'''Heteroglossia''': the qualities of a language (such as ideology, perspective, etc.) that are extralinguistic but common to all languages (see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Bakhtin#The_Dialogic_Imagination:_Chronotope.2C_Heteroglossia The Dialogic Imagination])<br /> *'''Homonymy''': the relation between two words that are spelled the same way but differ in meaning (see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Hypertext''': non-sequential, often digital, writing; writing "in which the logical connections between elements are primarily associative rather than syllogistic" (Slatin [[March 22 Class Notes]])<br /> <br /> == I ==<br /> *'''Inventio''': the system or method used for the discovery of arguments in Western rhetoric (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Intentional fallacy''': the concept that an author's words alone, not intent, should be examined because an author's mind can never be truly known (Richards [[February 1 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Interpretant''': how a person perceives a sign or representation (Peirce [[January 25 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Inter-textual variations''': differences in the way texts are structured through alphanumeric cues (headings and numbers), spatial cues (horizontal and vertical distribution of text) and graphic cues (bullets, arrows, lines, etc.) (see [https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/alred/www/pdf/kostelnick-rhetoricoftext.pdf Rhetoric of Text])<br /> *'''Intra-textual variations''': changes in typography and design within a document (see [https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/alred/www/pdf/kostelnick-rhetoricoftext.pdf Rhetoric of Text])<br /> *'''Inventio''': the system or method used for the discovery of arguments in Western rhetoric (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Isomorphous''': being of identical or similar form, shape, or structure (see [["Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences" by Mikhail Bakhtin]])<br /> *'''Instrumental value judgment''': an argument that uses values as a means to alread accepted ends, or as obstacles to their attainment (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Intuitionism''': the theory that primary truths and principles, especially those of ethics and metaphysics, are known through intuition rather than learning (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> <br /> == J ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == K ==<br /> <br /> *'''Krisis''': point of judgment, moment of decision (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> <br /> == L ==<br /> <br /> *'''Lexia''': parts of a text that are separated from the meaning of the work as a whole to show the multiplicity of meaning and references<br /> *'''Logology''': study of language and symbols (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Logomachies''': a dispute over or about words<br /> *'''Logos''': the logical appeal that attempts to persuade the audience using intellect and reason (Persuasive appeals: [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Logical empiricism''': the school of philosophy that combines empiricism (the idea that observational evidence is indispensable for knowledge of the world) with a version of rationalism incorporating mathematical and logico-linguistic constructs (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> <br /> == M ==<br /> <br /> *'''Manifest Content''': observable in a text, easy to spot, measured quantitatively (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Method''': procedures and techniques, such as content, discourse, and genre analysis (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Methodology''': assumptions and theories; “the underlying theory and analysis of how research does or should proceed” – Kirsch and Sullivan (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Modal Qualifiers''':<br /> <br /> == N ==<br /> *'''Natura naturans''': nature doing what nature does (see [["Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences" by Mikhail Bakhtin]])<br /> *'''Natura naurata''': nature already created (see [["Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences" by Mikhail Bakhtin]])<br /> *'''New Criticism''': a movement that viewed texts as completely autonomous (Richards [[February 1 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''New Rhetoric''': theory of argumentation (See [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Node''': any object which is linked to another object (Slatin [[March 22 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Nominalism''': the belief that universals are mere names without any reality (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> *'''Narrative paradigm''': [[Walter Fisher]]'s theory that all forms of communication are a type of storytelling, and all human experience evolves as a type of "narrative." This was in contrast to the [[Rational World Paradigm]])<br /> <br /> == O ==<br /> <br /> *'''Object''': the action you take (Peirce [[January 25 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Organon''': an instrument for acquiring knowledge; specifically, a body of principles of scientific or philosophic investigation (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Orthographic''': projection of a single view of an object onto a drawing surface in which the lines of projection are perpendicular to the drawing surface (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> <br /> == P ==<br /> *'''Parlance''': a particular way of speaking or using words, especially a way common to those with a particular job or interest (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Paradeigma''': use of example or anecdotal evidence to prove a point (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Pathos''': the appeal to emotion and shared values; often used in advertising and thought to be manipulative but also extrmeely effective (Persuasive appeals: [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]]<br /> *'''Pejorative''': a word or phrase that has negative connotations or that is intended to disparage or belittle (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Perennial''': continuing without interruption (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Phoneme''': a unit of the phonetic system of a language that corresponds to a set of similar speech sounds perceived to be a single distinctive sound in the language (e.g., the velar \k\ of cool and the palatal \k\ of keel) (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Pisteis''': proofs, persuasive appeals: (logos, ethos, pathos); artistic (logical, logos, nonlogical, ethos and pathos) and inartistic (tangible evidence) (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> * '''Play theory''': the theory that any and all activities have rules, specific outcomes, and some sort of strategy to win (See [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process"]] )<br /> * '''Player agents''': people involved in the process of play theory (See [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process"]] )<br /> *'''Poeis''': fine arts (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Polyglossia''': the hybrid nature of language (see [[Mikhail Bakhtin]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Bakhtin#The_Dialogic_Imagination:_Chronotope.2C_Heteroglossia The Dialogic Imagination]<br /> *'''Positivist empiricism''': emphasizes role of experience and evidence especially sensory perception (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Priori''': relating to or derived by reasoning from self-evident propositions (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Promulgation''': to make known by open declaration; publish; proclaim formally or put into operation (a law, decree of a court, etc.). (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Proofs''': Justification, reasoning, argumentation. (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> <br /> == Q ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == R ==<br /> <br /> *'''Rationalism''': truth is not sensory, but intellectual and deductive. You only know thought through deductive reasoning. (See [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Rationalistic idealism''': criterion of truth is not sensory but intelluctual and deductive (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Rediscovers''': the effects of analogy or isomorphism with current forms of knowledge that allow the perception of forgotten or obscured figures (See [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Representame'''n: what something represents to you personally (creates in the mind of that person an equivalent sign, or perhaps a more developed sign) (Peirce [[January 25 Class Notes]])<br /> * '''Rhetoric''': (see [[Definitions of Rhetoric]])<br /> <br /> == S ==<br /> *'''Scavenge''': plucking discourse of many types from multiple sources, both historical and (near) real-time. (see [[Sidler, Michelle "Playing Scavenger and Gazer with Scientific Discourse: Opportunities and Ethics for Online Research"]])<br /> *'''Semantic''': of or relating to meaning in language (see [["Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences" by Mikhail Bakhtin]])<br /> *'''Semiology''': the study of signs (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Signified''': concept in the mind (not a thing but the notion of a thing) (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Signifier''': the material (or physical form) of the sign (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Spatiotemporal:''' Belonging to both space and time or to space-time (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> *'''Syllogism''': logical/deductive, conclusion resting on 2 premises (major, minor, conclusion) (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Supra-Textual Structuring''': affects the document globally, with section titles, page headers, tabs, page size, orientation, the placement of extra-textual elements (e.g. data display and pictures), icons, page color, and various line, textures, and marks. Supra-textual cues create visual coherence among units in a document (see [https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/alred/www/pdf/kostelnick-rhetoricoftext.pdf Rhetoric of Text])<br /> *'''Synchronic''': concerned with events existing in a limited time period and ignoring historical antecedents (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Suasory:''' Tending to persuade. (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]]) <br /> *'''Subjectivism''': doctrine that knowledge is merely subjective and that there is no external or objective truth (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Subverter''': to pervert or corrupt by an undermining of morals, allegiance, or faith (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> <br /> == T ==<br /> <br /> *'''Tautologies''': a phrase or expression in which the same thing is said twice in different words; a statement that is true by necessity or by virtue of its logical form(see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Techne''': art, craft (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Telos''': an ultimate end. (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Trivium''': An introductory curriculum at a medieval university involving the study of grammar, rhetoric, and logic. (Bryant [[February 3 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Tropism''': growth toward or away from external stimulus (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> <br /> == U ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == V ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == W ==<br /> *'''Warrant''': in the [[Toulmin Model of Argument]], an often implicit assumption that supports the inference of the claim from the data/evidence (see [[Toulmin, Stephen "The Layout of Arguments"]])<br /> <br /> == X ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == Y ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == Z ==</div>

Gretchen https://rhetorclick.com/wiki/Glossary Glossary 2012-04-13T20:47:12Z

<p>Gretchen: /* D */</p> <hr /> <div>This page is dedicated to key terms from the readings.<br /> <br /> <br /> == A ==<br /> <br /> *'''Adumbration:''' the act of providing vague advance indications of a concept to come; also known as "prefiguration" (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]]) <br /> *'''Aesthetics''': study of the mind and emotions in relation to the sense of beauty (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Affective fallacy''': coined by Wimsatt and Berdsley, the mistake of confusing a rhetorical artifact with its result; evaluating literature by its affect on the reader(see [["How to Read a Page" by I. A. Richards]])<br /> * '''Agency''': The ability to act and communicate (See [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process"]])<br /> *'''Agitator:''' someone who urges others to protest or rebel (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Aleatoric''': chaotic; random; according to chance (see [[Ede, Lisa S. and Andrea A. Lunsford "On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric"]])<br /> *'''Ancillary:''' providing necessary but secondary support to an organization, institution, or industry (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Animism''': the spiritual belief, subscribed to by Aristotle, that all objects have souls (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Antistrophos''': counterpart; opposite companion (see [[Ede, Lisa S. and Andrea A. Lunsford "On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric"]])<br /> *'''Antithetical''': in direct and unequivocal opposition (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Antilogy''': a contradiction in terms or ideas (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Aphorism''': a pithy observation that contains a general truth(see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Apodictic philosophy''': something demonstrated therefore true (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Articulation:''': a connection or linking of parts to form a unity. (see [[Hea, Amy C. Kimme "Riding The Wave"]])<br /> *'''Articulation Theory''': is well-suited to examinations of technology because it addresses a range of cultural concerns manifest in the design, development, production, circulation, and consumption of technologies. (see [[Hea, Amy C. Kimme "Riding The Wave"]])<br /> *'''Axiological:''' relating to the study of values (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> *'''Axiom''': a self-evident truth that requires no proof (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> <br /> == B ==<br /> *'''Backing''': in the [[Toulmin Model of Argument]], a fact or set of facts that support an argument's warrant (see [[Toulmin, Stephen "The Layout of Arguments"]])<br /> *'''Bombast''': pretentious or inflated speech or writing<br /> *'''Bricolage''': in art or literature, construction or creation from a diverse range of available things (see [[April 5 Class Notes]])<br /> <br /> == C ==<br /> <br /> <br /> *'''Canonical''': accepted as being accurate and authoritative (see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Categorical imperative''': the philosophical concept proposed by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanuel_Kant Immanuel Kant] that moral obligations are binding in all circumstances, regardless of positive or negative consequences (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Chariot allegory''': Socrates compares the soul to chariot horses and their rider. He believes the soul (chariot rider) is immortal and consists of one good horse and one bad horse. The soul is in constant struggle balancing and choosing between the two horses. Through the good soul only, the chariot can make it to eternity or heaven (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> *'''Classical rhetoric''': theory of persuasive discourse (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Close reading''': meticulous, word-level interpretation, rather than general analysis; has greatly influenced modern criticism (Richards [[February 1 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Compendia''': a brief summary of a larger work or of a field of knowledge (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Continuum''': a continuous spectrum; a sequence in which the extremes are quite distinct while individual adjacent elements are similar (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> <br /> == D ==<br /> <br /> *'''Data Coding''': the act of sorting and classifying information; a five-step process including identifying a set of artifacts, defining a unit worth analyzing within the set, creating codes to classify instances of that unit, testing the reliability of the work, and making it all public (see [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]])<br /> *'''Datum''':<br /> *'''Death of the Author''': Roland Barthe's essay argues that the author's personal background should be irrelevant to interpretation of his or her writing; the concept proposed in the essay (see [[Barthes, Roland "Death of the Author"]])<br /> *'''Deictic''': denoting a word or expression whose meaning is dependent on the context in which it is used (see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Dialectic''': two-sided dialogue, formal argumentation system, conversation (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Doxa''': constantly evolving day-to-day knowledge, sometimes culturally based (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Dialectical reasoning''': moving back and forth between contrary lines of reasoning examing both arguments (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Diachronic''': relating to phenomena, often literary or cultural, as they occur or change over a period of time (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Dispositio''': the system used for the organization of arguments in Western classical rhetoric (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> <br /> == E ==<br /> *'''Ecriture''': the idea that a text's author becomes a "transcendental anonymity"; the French word for "writing"(see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Elocutio''': the mastery of stylistic elements in Western classical rhetoric and comes from the Latin ''loqui'', "to speak" (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Endoxa''': <br /> *'''Entelechy''': a realization or actuality as opposed to a potentiality; the actualization of form-giving cause as contrasted with potential existence (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Enthymeme''': abbreviated form of a syllogism which assumes one of two premises is a given (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Episteme''': knowledge of the absolute, eternal truth (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Esperanto''': an artificial international language based as far as possible on words common to the chief European languages (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Ethos''': the persuasive appeal of one's character, credibility, or apparent trustworthiness, especially how this character is established by means of speech or discourse (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]]<br /> *'''Etymology''': the study of the history of words and their evolution over time (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Existentialism''': a philosophical theory emphasizing the individual as a free and responsible agent determining his or her own development through acts of the will (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Exegesis''': interpretation of a text often exploring its historical context and seeking to identify its cultural significance (see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Exordium''': the introduction, especially of a discourse or treatise (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Extrinsic''': not part of the essential nature of someone or something (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> <br /> == F ==<br /> *'''Fallacious''': containing or based on a fallacy (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> *'''Forensic speaking''': use of rhetoric to attack or defend someone in a judicial setting; defined by [[Aristotle]] as one of three forms of rhetoric (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> <br /> == G ==<br /> *'''Gaze''': to see, accidentally or on purpose, behind the curtain of public disclosure and into the private lives of research subjects. (see [[Sidler, Michelle "Playing Scavenger and Gazer with Scientific Discourse: Opportunities and Ethics for Online Research"]])<br /> * '''Genre''': a continuous and structured activity; anything that a large group of people do similarly (see [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process" ]])<br /> * '''Genre agents''': documents and websites which offer key information involved in the genre process (see [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process" ]] ) <br /> * '''Genre field''': everything that goes into making a genre (see [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process"]])<br /> <br /> == H ==<br /> <br /> *'''Heteroglossia''': the qualities of a language (such as ideology, perspective, etc.) that are extralinguistic but common to all languages (see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Bakhtin#The_Dialogic_Imagination:_Chronotope.2C_Heteroglossia The Dialogic Imagination])<br /> *'''Homonymy''': the relation between two words that are spelled the same way but differ in meaning (see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Hypertext''': non-sequential, often digital, writing; writing "in which the logical connections between elements are primarily associative rather than syllogistic" (Slatin [[March 22 Class Notes]])<br /> <br /> == I ==<br /> *'''Inventio''': the system or method used for the discovery of arguments in Western rhetoric (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Intentional fallacy''': the concept that an author's words alone, not intent, should be examined because an author's mind can never be truly known (Richards [[February 1 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Interpretant''': how a person perceives a sign or representation (Peirce [[January 25 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Inter-textual variations''': differences in the way texts are structured through alphanumeric cues (headings and numbers), spatial cues (horizontal and vertical distribution of text) and graphic cues (bullets, arrows, lines, etc.) (see [https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/alred/www/pdf/kostelnick-rhetoricoftext.pdf Rhetoric of Text])<br /> *'''Intra-textual variations''': changes in typography and design within a document (see [https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/alred/www/pdf/kostelnick-rhetoricoftext.pdf Rhetoric of Text])<br /> *'''Inventio''': the system or method used for the discovery of arguments in Western rhetoric (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Isomorphous''': being of identical or similar form, shape, or structure (see [["Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences" by Mikhail Bakhtin]])<br /> *'''Instrumental value judgment''': an argument that uses values as a means to alread accepted ends, or as obstacles to their attainment (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Intuitionism''': the theory that primary truths and principles, especially those of ethics and metaphysics, are known through intuition rather than learning (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> <br /> == J ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == K ==<br /> <br /> *'''Krisis''': point of judgment, moment of decision (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> <br /> == L ==<br /> <br /> *'''Lexia''': parts of a text that are separated from the meaning of the work as a whole to show the multiplicity of meaning and references<br /> *'''Logology''': study of language and symbols (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Logomachies''': a dispute over or about words<br /> *'''Logos''': the logical appeal that attempts to persuade the audience using intellect and reason (Persuasive appeals: [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Logical empiricism''': the school of philosophy that combines empiricism (the idea that observational evidence is indispensable for knowledge of the world) with a version of rationalism incorporating mathematical and logico-linguistic constructs (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> <br /> == M ==<br /> <br /> *'''Modal Qualifiers''':<br /> <br /> == N ==<br /> *'''Natura naturans''': nature doing what nature does (see [["Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences" by Mikhail Bakhtin]])<br /> *'''Natura naurata''': nature already created (see [["Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences" by Mikhail Bakhtin]])<br /> *'''New Criticism''': a movement that viewed texts as completely autonomous (Richards [[February 1 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''New Rhetoric''': theory of argumentation (See [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Node''': any object which is linked to another object (Slatin [[March 22 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Nominalism''': the belief that universals are mere names without any reality (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> *'''Narrative paradigm''': [[Walter Fisher]]'s theory that all forms of communication are a type of storytelling, and all human experience evolves as a type of "narrative." This was in contrast to the [[Rational World Paradigm]])<br /> <br /> == O ==<br /> <br /> *'''Object''': the action you take (Peirce [[January 25 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Organon''': an instrument for acquiring knowledge; specifically, a body of principles of scientific or philosophic investigation (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Orthographic''': projection of a single view of an object onto a drawing surface in which the lines of projection are perpendicular to the drawing surface (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> <br /> == P ==<br /> *'''Parlance''': a particular way of speaking or using words, especially a way common to those with a particular job or interest (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Paradeigma''': use of example or anecdotal evidence to prove a point (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Pathos''': the appeal to emotion and shared values; often used in advertising and thought to be manipulative but also extrmeely effective (Persuasive appeals: [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]]<br /> *'''Pejorative''': a word or phrase that has negative connotations or that is intended to disparage or belittle (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Perennial''': continuing without interruption (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Phoneme''': a unit of the phonetic system of a language that corresponds to a set of similar speech sounds perceived to be a single distinctive sound in the language (e.g., the velar \k\ of cool and the palatal \k\ of keel) (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Pisteis''': proofs, persuasive appeals: (logos, ethos, pathos); artistic (logical, logos, nonlogical, ethos and pathos) and inartistic (tangible evidence) (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> * '''Play theory''': the theory that any and all activities have rules, specific outcomes, and some sort of strategy to win (See [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process"]] )<br /> * '''Player agents''': people involved in the process of play theory (See [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process"]] )<br /> *'''Poeis''': fine arts (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Polyglossia''': the hybrid nature of language (see [[Mikhail Bakhtin]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Bakhtin#The_Dialogic_Imagination:_Chronotope.2C_Heteroglossia The Dialogic Imagination]<br /> *'''Positivist empiricism''': emphasizes role of experience and evidence especially sensory perception (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Priori''': relating to or derived by reasoning from self-evident propositions (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Promulgation''': to make known by open declaration; publish; proclaim formally or put into operation (a law, decree of a court, etc.). (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Proofs''': Justification, reasoning, argumentation. (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> <br /> == Q ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == R ==<br /> <br /> *'''Rationalism''': truth is not sensory, but intellectual and deductive. You only know thought through deductive reasoning. (See [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Rationalistic idealism''': criterion of truth is not sensory but intelluctual and deductive (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Rediscovers''': the effects of analogy or isomorphism with current forms of knowledge that allow the perception of forgotten or obscured figures (See [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])<br /> *'''Representame'''n: what something represents to you personally (creates in the mind of that person an equivalent sign, or perhaps a more developed sign) (Peirce [[January 25 Class Notes]])<br /> * '''Rhetoric''': (see [[Definitions of Rhetoric]])<br /> <br /> == S ==<br /> *'''Scavenge''': plucking discourse of many types from multiple sources, both historical and (near) real-time. (see [[Sidler, Michelle "Playing Scavenger and Gazer with Scientific Discourse: Opportunities and Ethics for Online Research"]])<br /> *'''Semantic''': of or relating to meaning in language (see [["Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences" by Mikhail Bakhtin]])<br /> *'''Semiology''': the study of signs (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Signified''': concept in the mind (not a thing but the notion of a thing) (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Signifier''': the material (or physical form) of the sign (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Spatiotemporal:''' Belonging to both space and time or to space-time (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> *'''Syllogism''': logical/deductive, conclusion resting on 2 premises (major, minor, conclusion) (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Supra-Textual Structuring''': affects the document globally, with section titles, page headers, tabs, page size, orientation, the placement of extra-textual elements (e.g. data display and pictures), icons, page color, and various line, textures, and marks. Supra-textual cues create visual coherence among units in a document (see [https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/alred/www/pdf/kostelnick-rhetoricoftext.pdf Rhetoric of Text])<br /> *'''Synchronic''': concerned with events existing in a limited time period and ignoring historical antecedents (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])<br /> *'''Suasory:''' Tending to persuade. (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]]) <br /> *'''Subjectivism''': doctrine that knowledge is merely subjective and that there is no external or objective truth (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Subverter''': to pervert or corrupt by an undermining of morals, allegiance, or faith (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])<br /> <br /> == T ==<br /> <br /> *'''Tautologies''': a phrase or expression in which the same thing is said twice in different words; a statement that is true by necessity or by virtue of its logical form(see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])<br /> *'''Techne''': art, craft (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])<br /> *'''Telos''': an ultimate end. (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Trivium''': An introductory curriculum at a medieval university involving the study of grammar, rhetoric, and logic. (Bryant [[February 3 Class Notes]])<br /> *'''Tropism''': growth toward or away from external stimulus (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])<br /> <br /> == U ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == V ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == W ==<br /> *'''Warrant''': in the [[Toulmin Model of Argument]], an often implicit assumption that supports the inference of the claim from the data/evidence (see [[Toulmin, Stephen "The Layout of Arguments"]])<br /> <br /> == X ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == Y ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == Z ==</div>

Gretchen https://rhetorclick.com/wiki/Stuart_Blythe Stuart Blythe 2012-04-12T22:41:56Z

<p>Gretchen: /* References */</p> <hr /> <div>== Biography ==<br /> <br /> Stuart Blythe is an associate professor in the Department of English and Linguistics at Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne, where he teaches courses in writing, multimedia, editing, and the teaching of composition. His recent work has appeared in <em>College Composition and Communication</em>, <em>Computers and Composition</em>, the <em>Journal of Business and Technical Communication</em>, and <em>Works and Days</em>.<br /> <br /> == Article Summaries ==<br /> <br /> [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]]<br /> <br /> Stuart Blythe mainly attempts to show that digital coding of texts is important for studying patterns in human behavior. He explains that the method is important to perform/provide the best research possible, and can reveal a lot about the creator’s intentions and attitudes toward the subject. Methodology can reveal more information about how data is received to answer questions like “who is involved”, “what is their view”, and “how often do they participate”. <br /> <br /> Still, it is limited in not being able to explain why unless analyzed using critical research that aims to benefit the participants and the public as much as the researcher. In digital data coding, the participant may help in performing the research and learn about the patterns they use in order to reflect on personal attitudes and actions. Reflection, Blythe argues, is extremely important because it may show new doors worth opening and a continued expansion of understanding. Essentially, “the key,” as Blythe puts it, is to approach digital data coding with the ability to put the pieces together/see the patterns “in order to create a more complete picture.”<br /> <br /> == Additional Works/Publications ==<br /> <br /> == Further Readings ==<br /> <br /> Thomas, Sari. “Artifactual Study In The Analysis Of Culture: A Defense Of Content Analysis In A Postmodern Age.” Communication Research 21.6 (1994): 683-697. PsycINFO. Web.<br /> <br /> == Other Scholarly Views ==<br /> <br /> ==== Agreement ====<br /> <br /> Those authors that agree with Blythe.<br /> <br /> ==== Opposition ====<br /> <br /> Those authors that disagree with Blythe.<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> Blythe, Stuart. "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia" Digital Writing Research. Ed. Heidi A. McKee and Danielle Nicole DeVoss. Cresskill: Hampton Press, Inc., 1997. 203-227. Print.<br /> <br /> McKee, Heidi A., and Danielle Nicole DeVoss, eds. Digital Writing Research. Cresskill: Hampton Press, Inc., 2007. Print.<br /> <br /> == External Links ==</div>

Gretchen https://rhetorclick.com/wiki/Stuart_Blythe Stuart Blythe 2012-04-12T22:33:01Z

<p>Gretchen: /* Biography */</p> <hr /> <div>== Biography ==<br /> <br /> Stuart Blythe is an associate professor in the Department of English and Linguistics at Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne, where he teaches courses in writing, multimedia, editing, and the teaching of composition. His recent work has appeared in <em>College Composition and Communication</em>, <em>Computers and Composition</em>, the <em>Journal of Business and Technical Communication</em>, and <em>Works and Days</em>.<br /> <br /> == Article Summaries ==<br /> <br /> [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]]<br /> <br /> Stuart Blythe mainly attempts to show that digital coding of texts is important for studying patterns in human behavior. He explains that the method is important to perform/provide the best research possible, and can reveal a lot about the creator’s intentions and attitudes toward the subject. Methodology can reveal more information about how data is received to answer questions like “who is involved”, “what is their view”, and “how often do they participate”. <br /> <br /> Still, it is limited in not being able to explain why unless analyzed using critical research that aims to benefit the participants and the public as much as the researcher. In digital data coding, the participant may help in performing the research and learn about the patterns they use in order to reflect on personal attitudes and actions. Reflection, Blythe argues, is extremely important because it may show new doors worth opening and a continued expansion of understanding. Essentially, “the key,” as Blythe puts it, is to approach digital data coding with the ability to put the pieces together/see the patterns “in order to create a more complete picture.”<br /> <br /> == Additional Works/Publications ==<br /> <br /> == Further Readings ==<br /> <br /> Thomas, Sari. “Artifactual Study In The Analysis Of Culture: A Defense Of Content Analysis In A Postmodern Age.” Communication Research 21.6 (1994): 683-697. PsycINFO. Web.<br /> <br /> == Other Scholarly Views ==<br /> <br /> ==== Agreement ====<br /> <br /> Those authors that agree with Blythe.<br /> <br /> ==== Opposition ====<br /> <br /> Those authors that disagree with Blythe.<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> == External Links ==</div>

Gretchen https://rhetorclick.com/wiki/Stuart_Blythe Stuart Blythe 2012-04-12T22:26:48Z

<p>Gretchen: /* Article Summaries */</p> <hr /> <div>== Biography ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == Article Summaries ==<br /> <br /> [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]]<br /> <br /> Stuart Blythe mainly attempts to show that digital coding of texts is important for studying patterns in human behavior. He explains that the method is important to perform/provide the best research possible, and can reveal a lot about the creator’s intentions and attitudes toward the subject. Methodology can reveal more information about how data is received to answer questions like “who is involved”, “what is their view”, and “how often do they participate”. <br /> <br /> Still, it is limited in not being able to explain why unless analyzed using critical research that aims to benefit the participants and the public as much as the researcher. In digital data coding, the participant may help in performing the research and learn about the patterns they use in order to reflect on personal attitudes and actions. Reflection, Blythe argues, is extremely important because it may show new doors worth opening and a continued expansion of understanding. Essentially, “the key,” as Blythe puts it, is to approach digital data coding with the ability to put the pieces together/see the patterns “in order to create a more complete picture.”<br /> <br /> == Additional Works/Publications ==<br /> <br /> == Further Readings ==<br /> <br /> Thomas, Sari. “Artifactual Study In The Analysis Of Culture: A Defense Of Content Analysis In A Postmodern Age.” Communication Research 21.6 (1994): 683-697. PsycINFO. Web.<br /> <br /> == Other Scholarly Views ==<br /> <br /> ==== Agreement ====<br /> <br /> Those authors that agree with Blythe.<br /> <br /> ==== Opposition ====<br /> <br /> Those authors that disagree with Blythe.<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> == External Links ==</div>

Gretchen https://rhetorclick.com/wiki/Stuart_Blythe Stuart Blythe 2012-04-11T18:34:24Z

<p>Gretchen: /* Further Readings */</p> <hr /> <div>== Biography ==<br /> <br /> <br /> == Article Summaries ==<br /> <br /> [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]]<br /> <br /> <br /> == Additional Works/Publications ==<br /> <br /> == Further Readings ==<br /> <br /> Thomas, Sari. “Artifactual Study In The Analysis Of Culture: A Defense Of Content Analysis In A Postmodern Age.” Communication Research 21.6 (1994): 683-697. PsycINFO. Web.<br /> <br /> == Other Scholarly Views ==<br /> <br /> ==== Agreement ====<br /> <br /> Those authors that agree with Blythe.<br /> <br /> ==== Opposition ====<br /> <br /> Those authors that disagree with Blythe.<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> == External Links ==</div>

Gretchen