RhetorClick - User contributions [en]

Phyllis M. Japp

2012-04-13T05:38:04Z

Nicole S:

== Personal Information ==
Phyllis M. Japp, Ph.D. is Associate Professor of Communication Studies at University of Nebraska.

== Reclaiming Burke ==

In her 1999 essay “Can This Marriage Be Saved? Reclaiming Burke for Feminist Scholarship" in the journal [http://books.google.com/books?id=CcD9wYsIy1kC&pg=PA113&lpg=PA113&dq=Can+This+Marriage+Be+Saved?+Reclaiming+Burke+for+Feminist+Scholarship&source=bl&ots=0VKRayAKL4&sig=ngZCugp8lAoRrM0FwJ9pjQqId5Y&hl=en&sa=X&ei=sTeHT_eJG4aS8AG5sf2VCA&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Can%20This%20Marriage%20Be%20Saved%3F%20Reclaiming%20Burke%20for%20Feminist%20Scholarship&f=false Kenneth Burke and the 21st Century] Phyllis M. Japp disagrees with [[Celeste Condit]], explaining that she feels a connection to [[Kenneth Burke]]’s ''Definition of Man'', even as a woman. She says that personal experience has led her to this deeper understanding of his ideals. She explains “I have found in Burke an indispensible array of guerilla army tactics for survival in a field of masculine symbols” (113). It seems that Japp agrees with Condit on the matter that Burke’s text is inherently masculine, but is still useful to feminist rhetoricians because she is armed with an understanding of another gender that most of her peers in a majorly patriarchal discipline are not. Rather than rejecting Burkean theory altogether, like many feminist scholars in the 1990s, Japp seems to agree with Condit that Burke’s ideas need extension in order to be applicable to the modern feminist scholar. Japp explains “Reclaimation is a strategy midway between acceptance and rejection, affirming the value of a text…while simultaneously reworking and reshaping that text…to better serve all in the community” (114). In order to reclaim Burke, Japp suggests that women’s voices be included in the conversation by way of actual women. Of course, Japp seems to say, Burke’s Definition of Man is missing the female experience—he has not lived it. Updating any classical text, whether spiritual, rhetorical, etc., must be reinforced with the female voice and experience because it has been missing since the beginning of time. While Japp does absolve Burke of his masculine-construction, she also does not blame him entirely for his mistake.

Contribution to Wiki, Spring 2012

2012-04-13T05:36:26Z

Nicole S:

Please list your name and tentative ideas for wiki contributions:

Ryan- style guide, graduate resources 
Jennifer- style guide, content 
Nicole- alphabetized Theories & Movements page, Feminist Criticism authors Condit and Japp, article summaries for Sidler and Hea, 4 added glossary definitions.

Glossary

2012-04-13T05:34:45Z

Nicole S: /* S */

This page is dedicated to key terms from the readings.

== A ==

*'''Adumbration:''' the act of providing vague advance indications of a concept to come; also known as "prefiguration" (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Aesthetics''': study of the mind and emotions in relation to the sense of beauty (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])
*'''Affective fallacy''': coined by Wimsatt and Berdsley, the mistake of confusing a rhetorical artifact with its result; evaluating literature by its affect on the reader(see [["How to Read a Page" by I. A. Richards]])
* '''Agency''': The ability to act and communicate (See [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process"]])
*'''Agitator:''' someone who urges others to protest or rebel (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Aleatoric''': chaotic; random; according to chance (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Ancillary:''' providing necessary but secondary support to an organization, institution, or industry (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Animism''': the spiritual belief, subscribed to by Aristotle, that all objects all objects have souls (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Antistrophos''': counterpart; opposite companion (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Antithetical''': in direct and unequivocal opposition (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])
*'''Antilogy''': a contradiction in terms or ideas (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])
*'''Aphorism''': a pithy observation that contains a general truth(see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])
*'''Apodictic philosophy''': something demonstrated therefore true (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])
*'''Articulation:''': a connection or linking of parts to form a unity. (see [[Hea, Amy C. Kimme "Riding The Wave"]])
*'''Articulation Theory''': is well-suited to examinations of technology because it addresses a range of cultural concerns manifest in the design, development, production, circulation, and consumption of technologies. (see [[Hea, Amy C. Kimme "Riding The Wave"]])
*'''Axiological:''' relating to the study of values (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])
*'''Axiom''': a self-evident truth that requires no proof (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])

== B ==
*'''Backing''': in the [[Toulmin Model of Argument]], a fact or set of facts that support an argument's warrant (see [[Toulmin, Stephen "The Layout of Arguments"]])
*'''Bombast''': pretentious or inflated speech or writing
*'''Bricolage''': in art or literature, construction or creation from a diverse range of available things (see [[April 5 Class Notes]])

== C ==

*'''Canonical''': accepted as being accurate and authoritative (see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])
*'''Categorical imperative''': the philosophical concept proposed by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanuel_Kant Immanuel Kant] that moral obligations are binding in all circumstances, regardless of positive or negative consequences (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])
*'''Chariot allegory''': Socrates compares the soul to chariot horses and their rider. He believes the soul (chariot rider) is immortal and consists of one good horse and one bad horse. The soul is in constant struggle balancing and choosing between the two horses. Through the good soul only, the chariot can make it to eternity or heaven (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])
*'''Classical rhetoric''': theory of persuasive discourse (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])
*'''Close reading''': meticulous, word-level interpretation, rather than general analysis; has greatly influenced modern criticism (Richards [[February 1 Class Notes]])
*'''Compendia''': a brief summary of a larger work or of a field of knowledge (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Continuum''': a continuous spectrum; a sequence in which the extremes are quite distinct while individual adjacent elements are similar (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])

== D ==

*'''Datum''':
*'''Death of the Author''': Roland Barthe's essay argues that the author's personal background should be irrelevant to interpretation of his or her writing; the concept proposed in the essay (see [[Barthes, Roland "Death of the Author"]])
*'''Deictic''': denoting a word or expression whose meaning is dependent on the context in which it is used (see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])
*'''Dialectic''': two-sided dialogue, formal argumentation system, conversation (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Doxa''': constantly evolving day-to-day knowledge, sometimes culturally based (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Dialectical reasoning''': moving back and forth between contrary lines of reasoning examing both arguments (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])
*'''Diachronic''': relating to phenomena, often literary or cultural, as they occur or change over a period of time (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])
*'''Dispositio''': the system used for the organization of arguments in Western classical rhetoric (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])

== E ==
*'''Ecriture''': the idea that a text's author becomes a "transcendental anonymity"; the French word for "writing"(see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])
*'''Elocutio''': the mastery of stylistic elements in Western classical rhetoric and comes from the Latin ''loqui'', "to speak" (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Endoxa''':
*'''Entelechy''': a realization or actuality as opposed to a potentiality; the actualization of form-giving cause as contrasted with potential existence (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Enthymeme''': abbreviated form of a syllogism which assumes one of two premises is a given (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Episteme''': knowledge of the absolute, eternal truth (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Esperanto''': an artificial international language based as far as possible on words common to the chief European languages (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])
*'''Ethos''': the persuasive appeal of one's character, credibility, or apparent trustworthiness, especially how this character is established by means of speech or discourse (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]]
*'''Etymology''': the study of the history of words and their evolution over time (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Existentialism''': a philosophical theory emphasizing the individual as a free and responsible agent determining his or her own development through acts of the will (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])
*'''Exegesis''': interpretation of a text often exploring its historical context and seeking to identify its cultural significance (see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])
*'''Exordium''': the introduction, especially of a discourse or treatise (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])
*'''Extrinsic''': not part of the essential nature of someone or something (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])

== F ==
*'''Fallacious''': containing or based on a fallacy (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])
*'''Forensic speaking''': use of rhetoric to attack or defend someone in a judicial setting; defined by [[Aristotle]] as one of three forms of rhetoric (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])

== G ==
*'''Gaze''': to see, accidentally or on purpose, behind the curtain of public disclosure and into the private lives of research subjects. (see [[Sidler, Michelle "Playing Scavenger and Gazer with Scientific Discourse: Opportunities and Ethics for Online Research"]])
* '''Genre''': a continuous and structured activity; anything that a large group of people do similarly (see [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process" ]])
* '''Genre agents''': documents and websites which offer key information involved in the genre process (see [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process" ]] )
* '''Genre field''': everything that goes into making a genre (see [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process"]])

== H ==

*'''Heteroglossia''': the qualities of a language (such as ideology, perspective, etc.) that are extralinguistic but common to all languages (see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Bakhtin#The_Dialogic_Imagination:_Chronotope.2C_Heteroglossia The Dialogic Imagination])
*'''Homonymy''': the relation between two words that are spelled the same way but differ in meaning (see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])
*'''Hypertext''': non-sequential, often digital, writing; writing "in which the logical connections between elements are primarily associative rather than syllogistic" (Slatin [[March 22 Class Notes]])

== I ==
*'''Inventio''': the system or method used for the discovery of arguments in Western rhetoric (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Intentional fallacy''': the concept that an author's words alone, not intent, should be examined because an author's mind can never be truly known (Richards [[February 1 Class Notes]])
*'''Interpretant''': how a person perceives a sign or representation (Peirce [[January 25 Class Notes]])
*'''Inter-textual variations''': differences in the way texts are structured through alphanumeric cues (headings and numbers), spatial cues (horizontal and vertical distribution of text) and graphic cues (bullets, arrows, lines, etc.) (see [https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/alred/www/pdf/kostelnick-rhetoricoftext.pdf Rhetoric of Text])
*'''Intra-textual variations''': changes in typography and design within a document (see [https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/alred/www/pdf/kostelnick-rhetoricoftext.pdf Rhetoric of Text])
*'''Inventio''': the system or method used for the discovery of arguments in Western rhetoric (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Isomorphous''': being of identical or similar form, shape, or structure (see [["Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences" by Mikhail Bakhtin]])
*'''Instrumental value judgment''': an argument that uses values as a means to alread accepted ends, or as obstacles to their attainment (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])
*'''Intuitionism''': the theory that primary truths and principles, especially those of ethics and metaphysics, are known through intuition rather than learning (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])

== J ==

== K ==

*'''Krisis''': point of judgment, moment of decision (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])

== L ==

*'''Lexia''': parts of a text that are separated from the meaning of the work as a whole to show the multiplicity of meaning and references
*'''Logology''': study of language and symbols (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Logomachies''': a dispute over or about words
*'''Logos''': the logical appeal that attempts to persuade the audience using intellect and reason (Persuasive appeals: [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Logical empiricism''': the school of philosophy that combines empiricism (the idea that observational evidence is indispensable for knowledge of the world) with a version of rationalism incorporating mathematical and logico-linguistic constructs (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])

== M ==

*'''Modal Qualifiers''':

== N ==
*'''Natura naturans''': nature doing what nature does (see [["Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences" by Mikhail Bakhtin]])
*'''Natura naurata''': nature already created (see [["Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences" by Mikhail Bakhtin]])
*'''New Criticism''': a movement that viewed texts as completely autonomous (Richards [[February 1 Class Notes]])
*'''New Rhetoric''': theory of argumentation (See [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])
*'''Node''': any object which is linked to another object (Slatin [[March 22 Class Notes]])
*'''Nominalism''': the belief that universals are mere names without any reality (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])

== O ==

*'''Object''': the action you take (Peirce [[January 25 Class Notes]])
*'''Organon''': an instrument for acquiring knowledge; specifically, a body of principles of scientific or philosophic investigation (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Orthographic''': projection of a single view of an object onto a drawing surface in which the lines of projection are perpendicular to the drawing surface (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])

== P ==
*'''Parlance''': a particular way of speaking or using words, especially a way common to those with a particular job or interest (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Paradeigma''': use of example or anecdotal evidence to prove a point (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Pathos''': the appeal to emotion and shared values; often used in advertising and thought to be manipulative but also extrmeely effective (Persuasive appeals: [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]]
*'''Pejorative''': a word or phrase that has negative connotations or that is intended to disparage or belittle (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Perennial''': continuing without interruption (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Phoneme''': a unit of the phonetic system of a language that corresponds to a set of similar speech sounds perceived to be a single distinctive sound in the language (e.g., the velar \k\ of cool and the palatal \k\ of keel) (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])
*'''Pisteis''': proofs, persuasive appeals: (logos, ethos, pathos); artistic (logical, logos, nonlogical, ethos and pathos) and inartistic (tangible evidence) (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
* '''Play theory''': the theory that any and all activities have rules, specific outcomes, and some sort of strategy to win (See [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process"]] )
* '''Player agents''': people involved in the process of play theory (See [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process"]] )
*'''Poeis''': fine arts (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Polyglossia''': the hybrid nature of language (see [[Mikhail Bakhtin]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Bakhtin#The_Dialogic_Imagination:_Chronotope.2C_Heteroglossia The Dialogic Imagination]
*'''Positivist empiricism''': emphasizes role of experience and evidence especially sensory perception (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])
*'''Priori''': relating to or derived by reasoning from self-evident propositions (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])
*'''Promulgation''': to make known by open declaration; publish; proclaim formally or put into operation (a law, decree of a court, etc.). (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Proofs''': Justification, reasoning, argumentation. (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])

== Q ==

== R ==

*'''Rationalism''': truth is not sensory, but intellectual and deductive. You only know thought through deductive reasoning. (See [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])
*'''Rationalistic idealism''': criterion of truth is not sensory but intelluctual and deductive (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])
*'''Rediscovers''': the effects of analogy or isomorphism with current forms of knowledge that allow the perception of forgotten or obscured figures (See [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])
*'''Representame'''n: what something represents to you personally (creates in the mind of that person an equivalent sign, or perhaps a more developed sign) (Peirce [[January 25 Class Notes]])
* '''Rhetoric''': (see [[Definitions of Rhetoric]])

== S ==
*'''Scavenge''': plucking discourse of many types from multiple sources, both historical and (near) real-time. (see [[Sidler, Michelle "Playing Scavenger and Gazer with Scientific Discourse: Opportunities and Ethics for Online Research"]])
*'''Semantic''': of or relating to meaning in language (see [["Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences" by Mikhail Bakhtin]])
*'''Semiology''': the study of signs (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])
*'''Signified''': concept in the mind (not a thing but the notion of a thing) (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])
*'''Signifier''': the material (or physical form) of the sign (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])
*'''Spatiotemporal:''' Belonging to both space and time or to space-time (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])
*'''Syllogism''': logical/deductive, conclusion resting on 2 premises (major, minor, conclusion) (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Supra-Textual Structuring''': affects the document globally, with section titles, page headers, tabs, page size, orientation, the placement of extra-textual elements (e.g. data display and pictures), icons, page color, and various line, textures, and marks. Supra-textual cues create visual coherence among units in a document (see [https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/alred/www/pdf/kostelnick-rhetoricoftext.pdf Rhetoric of Text])
*'''Synchronic''': concerned with events existing in a limited time period and ignoring historical antecedents (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])
*'''Suasory:''' Tending to persuade. (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Subjectivism''': doctrine that knowledge is merely subjective and that there is no external or objective truth (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])
*'''Subverter''': to pervert or corrupt by an undermining of morals, allegiance, or faith (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])

== T ==

*'''Tautologies''': a phrase or expression in which the same thing is said twice in different words; a statement that is true by necessity or by virtue of its logical form(see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])
*'''Techne''': art, craft (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Telos''': an ultimate end. (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Trivium''': An introductory curriculum at a medieval university involving the study of grammar, rhetoric, and logic. (Bryant [[February 3 Class Notes]])
*'''Tropism''': growth toward or away from external stimulus (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])

== U ==

== V ==

== W ==
*'''Warrant''': in the [[Toulmin Model of Argument]], an often implicit assumption that supports the inference of the claim from the data/evidence (see [[Toulmin, Stephen "The Layout of Arguments"]])

== X ==

== Y ==

== Z ==

Glossary

2012-04-13T05:33:30Z

Nicole S: /* G */

This page is dedicated to key terms from the readings.

== A ==

*'''Adumbration:''' the act of providing vague advance indications of a concept to come; also known as "prefiguration" (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Aesthetics''': study of the mind and emotions in relation to the sense of beauty (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])
*'''Affective fallacy''': coined by Wimsatt and Berdsley, the mistake of confusing a rhetorical artifact with its result; evaluating literature by its affect on the reader(see [["How to Read a Page" by I. A. Richards]])
* '''Agency''': The ability to act and communicate (See [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process"]])
*'''Agitator:''' someone who urges others to protest or rebel (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Aleatoric''': chaotic; random; according to chance (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Ancillary:''' providing necessary but secondary support to an organization, institution, or industry (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Animism''': the spiritual belief, subscribed to by Aristotle, that all objects all objects have souls (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Antistrophos''': counterpart; opposite companion (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Antithetical''': in direct and unequivocal opposition (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])
*'''Antilogy''': a contradiction in terms or ideas (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])
*'''Aphorism''': a pithy observation that contains a general truth(see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])
*'''Apodictic philosophy''': something demonstrated therefore true (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])
*'''Articulation:''': a connection or linking of parts to form a unity. (see [[Hea, Amy C. Kimme "Riding The Wave"]])
*'''Articulation Theory''': is well-suited to examinations of technology because it addresses a range of cultural concerns manifest in the design, development, production, circulation, and consumption of technologies. (see [[Hea, Amy C. Kimme "Riding The Wave"]])
*'''Axiological:''' relating to the study of values (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])
*'''Axiom''': a self-evident truth that requires no proof (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])

== B ==
*'''Backing''': in the [[Toulmin Model of Argument]], a fact or set of facts that support an argument's warrant (see [[Toulmin, Stephen "The Layout of Arguments"]])
*'''Bombast''': pretentious or inflated speech or writing
*'''Bricolage''': in art or literature, construction or creation from a diverse range of available things (see [[April 5 Class Notes]])

== C ==

*'''Canonical''': accepted as being accurate and authoritative (see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])
*'''Categorical imperative''': the philosophical concept proposed by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanuel_Kant Immanuel Kant] that moral obligations are binding in all circumstances, regardless of positive or negative consequences (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])
*'''Chariot allegory''': Socrates compares the soul to chariot horses and their rider. He believes the soul (chariot rider) is immortal and consists of one good horse and one bad horse. The soul is in constant struggle balancing and choosing between the two horses. Through the good soul only, the chariot can make it to eternity or heaven (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])
*'''Classical rhetoric''': theory of persuasive discourse (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])
*'''Close reading''': meticulous, word-level interpretation, rather than general analysis; has greatly influenced modern criticism (Richards [[February 1 Class Notes]])
*'''Compendia''': a brief summary of a larger work or of a field of knowledge (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Continuum''': a continuous spectrum; a sequence in which the extremes are quite distinct while individual adjacent elements are similar (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])

== D ==

*'''Datum''':
*'''Death of the Author''': Roland Barthe's essay argues that the author's personal background should be irrelevant to interpretation of his or her writing; the concept proposed in the essay (see [[Barthes, Roland "Death of the Author"]])
*'''Deictic''': denoting a word or expression whose meaning is dependent on the context in which it is used (see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])
*'''Dialectic''': two-sided dialogue, formal argumentation system, conversation (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Doxa''': constantly evolving day-to-day knowledge, sometimes culturally based (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Dialectical reasoning''': moving back and forth between contrary lines of reasoning examing both arguments (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])
*'''Diachronic''': relating to phenomena, often literary or cultural, as they occur or change over a period of time (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])
*'''Dispositio''': the system used for the organization of arguments in Western classical rhetoric (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])

== E ==
*'''Ecriture''': the idea that a text's author becomes a "transcendental anonymity"; the French word for "writing"(see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])
*'''Elocutio''': the mastery of stylistic elements in Western classical rhetoric and comes from the Latin ''loqui'', "to speak" (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Endoxa''':
*'''Entelechy''': a realization or actuality as opposed to a potentiality; the actualization of form-giving cause as contrasted with potential existence (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Enthymeme''': abbreviated form of a syllogism which assumes one of two premises is a given (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Episteme''': knowledge of the absolute, eternal truth (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Esperanto''': an artificial international language based as far as possible on words common to the chief European languages (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])
*'''Ethos''': the persuasive appeal of one's character, credibility, or apparent trustworthiness, especially how this character is established by means of speech or discourse (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]]
*'''Etymology''': the study of the history of words and their evolution over time (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Existentialism''': a philosophical theory emphasizing the individual as a free and responsible agent determining his or her own development through acts of the will (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])
*'''Exegesis''': interpretation of a text often exploring its historical context and seeking to identify its cultural significance (see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])
*'''Exordium''': the introduction, especially of a discourse or treatise (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])
*'''Extrinsic''': not part of the essential nature of someone or something (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])

== F ==
*'''Fallacious''': containing or based on a fallacy (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])
*'''Forensic speaking''': use of rhetoric to attack or defend someone in a judicial setting; defined by [[Aristotle]] as one of three forms of rhetoric (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])

== G ==
*'''Gaze''': to see, accidentally or on purpose, behind the curtain of public disclosure and into the private lives of research subjects. (see [[Sidler, Michelle "Playing Scavenger and Gazer with Scientific Discourse: Opportunities and Ethics for Online Research"]])
* '''Genre''': a continuous and structured activity; anything that a large group of people do similarly (see [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process" ]])
* '''Genre agents''': documents and websites which offer key information involved in the genre process (see [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process" ]] )
* '''Genre field''': everything that goes into making a genre (see [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process"]])

== H ==

*'''Heteroglossia''': the qualities of a language (such as ideology, perspective, etc.) that are extralinguistic but common to all languages (see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Bakhtin#The_Dialogic_Imagination:_Chronotope.2C_Heteroglossia The Dialogic Imagination])
*'''Homonymy''': the relation between two words that are spelled the same way but differ in meaning (see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])
*'''Hypertext''': non-sequential, often digital, writing; writing "in which the logical connections between elements are primarily associative rather than syllogistic" (Slatin [[March 22 Class Notes]])

== I ==
*'''Inventio''': the system or method used for the discovery of arguments in Western rhetoric (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Intentional fallacy''': the concept that an author's words alone, not intent, should be examined because an author's mind can never be truly known (Richards [[February 1 Class Notes]])
*'''Interpretant''': how a person perceives a sign or representation (Peirce [[January 25 Class Notes]])
*'''Inter-textual variations''': differences in the way texts are structured through alphanumeric cues (headings and numbers), spatial cues (horizontal and vertical distribution of text) and graphic cues (bullets, arrows, lines, etc.) (see [https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/alred/www/pdf/kostelnick-rhetoricoftext.pdf Rhetoric of Text])
*'''Intra-textual variations''': changes in typography and design within a document (see [https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/alred/www/pdf/kostelnick-rhetoricoftext.pdf Rhetoric of Text])
*'''Inventio''': the system or method used for the discovery of arguments in Western rhetoric (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Isomorphous''': being of identical or similar form, shape, or structure (see [["Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences" by Mikhail Bakhtin]])
*'''Instrumental value judgment''': an argument that uses values as a means to alread accepted ends, or as obstacles to their attainment (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])
*'''Intuitionism''': the theory that primary truths and principles, especially those of ethics and metaphysics, are known through intuition rather than learning (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])

== J ==

== K ==

*'''Krisis''': point of judgment, moment of decision (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])

== L ==

*'''Lexia''': parts of a text that are separated from the meaning of the work as a whole to show the multiplicity of meaning and references
*'''Logology''': study of language and symbols (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Logomachies''': a dispute over or about words
*'''Logos''': the logical appeal that attempts to persuade the audience using intellect and reason (Persuasive appeals: [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Logical empiricism''': the school of philosophy that combines empiricism (the idea that observational evidence is indispensable for knowledge of the world) with a version of rationalism incorporating mathematical and logico-linguistic constructs (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])

== M ==

*'''Modal Qualifiers''':

== N ==
*'''Natura naturans''': nature doing what nature does (see [["Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences" by Mikhail Bakhtin]])
*'''Natura naurata''': nature already created (see [["Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences" by Mikhail Bakhtin]])
*'''New Criticism''': a movement that viewed texts as completely autonomous (Richards [[February 1 Class Notes]])
*'''New Rhetoric''': theory of argumentation (See [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])
*'''Node''': any object which is linked to another object (Slatin [[March 22 Class Notes]])
*'''Nominalism''': the belief that universals are mere names without any reality (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])

== O ==

*'''Object''': the action you take (Peirce [[January 25 Class Notes]])
*'''Organon''': an instrument for acquiring knowledge; specifically, a body of principles of scientific or philosophic investigation (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Orthographic''': projection of a single view of an object onto a drawing surface in which the lines of projection are perpendicular to the drawing surface (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])

== P ==
*'''Parlance''': a particular way of speaking or using words, especially a way common to those with a particular job or interest (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Paradeigma''': use of example or anecdotal evidence to prove a point (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Pathos''': the appeal to emotion and shared values; often used in advertising and thought to be manipulative but also extrmeely effective (Persuasive appeals: [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]]
*'''Pejorative''': a word or phrase that has negative connotations or that is intended to disparage or belittle (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Perennial''': continuing without interruption (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Phoneme''': a unit of the phonetic system of a language that corresponds to a set of similar speech sounds perceived to be a single distinctive sound in the language (e.g., the velar \k\ of cool and the palatal \k\ of keel) (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])
*'''Pisteis''': proofs, persuasive appeals: (logos, ethos, pathos); artistic (logical, logos, nonlogical, ethos and pathos) and inartistic (tangible evidence) (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
* '''Play theory''': the theory that any and all activities have rules, specific outcomes, and some sort of strategy to win (See [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process"]] )
* '''Player agents''': people involved in the process of play theory (See [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process"]] )
*'''Poeis''': fine arts (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Polyglossia''': the hybrid nature of language (see [[Mikhail Bakhtin]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Bakhtin#The_Dialogic_Imagination:_Chronotope.2C_Heteroglossia The Dialogic Imagination]
*'''Positivist empiricism''': emphasizes role of experience and evidence especially sensory perception (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])
*'''Priori''': relating to or derived by reasoning from self-evident propositions (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])
*'''Promulgation''': to make known by open declaration; publish; proclaim formally or put into operation (a law, decree of a court, etc.). (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Proofs''': Justification, reasoning, argumentation. (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])

== Q ==

== R ==

*'''Rationalism''': truth is not sensory, but intellectual and deductive. You only know thought through deductive reasoning. (See [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])
*'''Rationalistic idealism''': criterion of truth is not sensory but intelluctual and deductive (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])
*'''Rediscovers''': the effects of analogy or isomorphism with current forms of knowledge that allow the perception of forgotten or obscured figures (See [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])
*'''Representame'''n: what something represents to you personally (creates in the mind of that person an equivalent sign, or perhaps a more developed sign) (Peirce [[January 25 Class Notes]])
* '''Rhetoric''': (see [[Definitions of Rhetoric]])

== S ==
*'''Semantic''': of or relating to meaning in language (see [["Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences" by Mikhail Bakhtin]])
*'''Semiology''': the study of signs (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])
*'''Signified''': concept in the mind (not a thing but the notion of a thing) (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])
*'''Signifier''': the material (or physical form) of the sign (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])
*'''Spatiotemporal:''' Belonging to both space and time or to space-time (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])
*'''Syllogism''': logical/deductive, conclusion resting on 2 premises (major, minor, conclusion) (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Supra-Textual Structuring''': affects the document globally, with section titles, page headers, tabs, page size, orientation, the placement of extra-textual elements (e.g. data display and pictures), icons, page color, and various line, textures, and marks. Supra-textual cues create visual coherence among units in a document (see [https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/alred/www/pdf/kostelnick-rhetoricoftext.pdf Rhetoric of Text])
*'''Synchronic''': concerned with events existing in a limited time period and ignoring historical antecedents (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])
*'''Suasory:''' Tending to persuade. (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Subjectivism''': doctrine that knowledge is merely subjective and that there is no external or objective truth (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])
*'''Subverter''': to pervert or corrupt by an undermining of morals, allegiance, or faith (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])

== T ==

*'''Tautologies''': a phrase or expression in which the same thing is said twice in different words; a statement that is true by necessity or by virtue of its logical form(see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])
*'''Techne''': art, craft (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Telos''': an ultimate end. (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Trivium''': An introductory curriculum at a medieval university involving the study of grammar, rhetoric, and logic. (Bryant [[February 3 Class Notes]])
*'''Tropism''': growth toward or away from external stimulus (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])

== U ==

== V ==

== W ==
*'''Warrant''': in the [[Toulmin Model of Argument]], an often implicit assumption that supports the inference of the claim from the data/evidence (see [[Toulmin, Stephen "The Layout of Arguments"]])

== X ==

== Y ==

== Z ==

Glossary

2012-04-13T05:31:31Z

Nicole S: /* A */

This page is dedicated to key terms from the readings.

== A ==

*'''Adumbration:''' the act of providing vague advance indications of a concept to come; also known as "prefiguration" (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Aesthetics''': study of the mind and emotions in relation to the sense of beauty (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])
*'''Affective fallacy''': coined by Wimsatt and Berdsley, the mistake of confusing a rhetorical artifact with its result; evaluating literature by its affect on the reader(see [["How to Read a Page" by I. A. Richards]])
* '''Agency''': The ability to act and communicate (See [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process"]])
*'''Agitator:''' someone who urges others to protest or rebel (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Aleatoric''': chaotic; random; according to chance (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Ancillary:''' providing necessary but secondary support to an organization, institution, or industry (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Animism''': the spiritual belief, subscribed to by Aristotle, that all objects all objects have souls (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Antistrophos''': counterpart; opposite companion (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Antithetical''': in direct and unequivocal opposition (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])
*'''Antilogy''': a contradiction in terms or ideas (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])
*'''Aphorism''': a pithy observation that contains a general truth(see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])
*'''Apodictic philosophy''': something demonstrated therefore true (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])
*'''Articulation:''': a connection or linking of parts to form a unity. (see [[Hea, Amy C. Kimme "Riding The Wave"]])
*'''Articulation Theory''': is well-suited to examinations of technology because it addresses a range of cultural concerns manifest in the design, development, production, circulation, and consumption of technologies. (see [[Hea, Amy C. Kimme "Riding The Wave"]])
*'''Axiological:''' relating to the study of values (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])
*'''Axiom''': a self-evident truth that requires no proof (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])

== B ==
*'''Backing''': in the [[Toulmin Model of Argument]], a fact or set of facts that support an argument's warrant (see [[Toulmin, Stephen "The Layout of Arguments"]])
*'''Bombast''': pretentious or inflated speech or writing
*'''Bricolage''': in art or literature, construction or creation from a diverse range of available things (see [[April 5 Class Notes]])

== C ==

*'''Canonical''': accepted as being accurate and authoritative (see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])
*'''Categorical imperative''': the philosophical concept proposed by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanuel_Kant Immanuel Kant] that moral obligations are binding in all circumstances, regardless of positive or negative consequences (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])
*'''Chariot allegory''': Socrates compares the soul to chariot horses and their rider. He believes the soul (chariot rider) is immortal and consists of one good horse and one bad horse. The soul is in constant struggle balancing and choosing between the two horses. Through the good soul only, the chariot can make it to eternity or heaven (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])
*'''Classical rhetoric''': theory of persuasive discourse (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])
*'''Close reading''': meticulous, word-level interpretation, rather than general analysis; has greatly influenced modern criticism (Richards [[February 1 Class Notes]])
*'''Compendia''': a brief summary of a larger work or of a field of knowledge (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Continuum''': a continuous spectrum; a sequence in which the extremes are quite distinct while individual adjacent elements are similar (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])

== D ==

*'''Datum''':
*'''Death of the Author''': Roland Barthe's essay argues that the author's personal background should be irrelevant to interpretation of his or her writing; the concept proposed in the essay (see [[Barthes, Roland "Death of the Author"]])
*'''Deictic''': denoting a word or expression whose meaning is dependent on the context in which it is used (see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])
*'''Dialectic''': two-sided dialogue, formal argumentation system, conversation (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Doxa''': constantly evolving day-to-day knowledge, sometimes culturally based (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Dialectical reasoning''': moving back and forth between contrary lines of reasoning examing both arguments (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])
*'''Diachronic''': relating to phenomena, often literary or cultural, as they occur or change over a period of time (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])
*'''Dispositio''': the system used for the organization of arguments in Western classical rhetoric (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])

== E ==
*'''Ecriture''': the idea that a text's author becomes a "transcendental anonymity"; the French word for "writing"(see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])
*'''Elocutio''': the mastery of stylistic elements in Western classical rhetoric and comes from the Latin ''loqui'', "to speak" (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Endoxa''':
*'''Entelechy''': a realization or actuality as opposed to a potentiality; the actualization of form-giving cause as contrasted with potential existence (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Enthymeme''': abbreviated form of a syllogism which assumes one of two premises is a given (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Episteme''': knowledge of the absolute, eternal truth (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Esperanto''': an artificial international language based as far as possible on words common to the chief European languages (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])
*'''Ethos''': the persuasive appeal of one's character, credibility, or apparent trustworthiness, especially how this character is established by means of speech or discourse (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]]
*'''Etymology''': the study of the history of words and their evolution over time (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Existentialism''': a philosophical theory emphasizing the individual as a free and responsible agent determining his or her own development through acts of the will (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])
*'''Exegesis''': interpretation of a text often exploring its historical context and seeking to identify its cultural significance (see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])
*'''Exordium''': the introduction, especially of a discourse or treatise (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])
*'''Extrinsic''': not part of the essential nature of someone or something (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])

== F ==
*'''Fallacious''': containing or based on a fallacy (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])
*'''Forensic speaking''': use of rhetoric to attack or defend someone in a judicial setting; defined by [[Aristotle]] as one of three forms of rhetoric (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])

== G ==
* '''Genre''': a continuous and structured activity; anything that a large group of people do similarly (see [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process" ]])
* '''Genre agents''': documents and websites which offer key information involved in the genre process (see [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process" ]] )
* '''Genre field''': everything that goes into making a genre (see [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process"]])

== H ==

*'''Heteroglossia''': the qualities of a language (such as ideology, perspective, etc.) that are extralinguistic but common to all languages (see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Bakhtin#The_Dialogic_Imagination:_Chronotope.2C_Heteroglossia The Dialogic Imagination])
*'''Homonymy''': the relation between two words that are spelled the same way but differ in meaning (see [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])
*'''Hypertext''': non-sequential, often digital, writing; writing "in which the logical connections between elements are primarily associative rather than syllogistic" (Slatin [[March 22 Class Notes]])

== I ==
*'''Inventio''': the system or method used for the discovery of arguments in Western rhetoric (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Intentional fallacy''': the concept that an author's words alone, not intent, should be examined because an author's mind can never be truly known (Richards [[February 1 Class Notes]])
*'''Interpretant''': how a person perceives a sign or representation (Peirce [[January 25 Class Notes]])
*'''Inter-textual variations''': differences in the way texts are structured through alphanumeric cues (headings and numbers), spatial cues (horizontal and vertical distribution of text) and graphic cues (bullets, arrows, lines, etc.) (see [https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/alred/www/pdf/kostelnick-rhetoricoftext.pdf Rhetoric of Text])
*'''Intra-textual variations''': changes in typography and design within a document (see [https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/alred/www/pdf/kostelnick-rhetoricoftext.pdf Rhetoric of Text])
*'''Inventio''': the system or method used for the discovery of arguments in Western rhetoric (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Isomorphous''': being of identical or similar form, shape, or structure (see [["Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences" by Mikhail Bakhtin]])
*'''Instrumental value judgment''': an argument that uses values as a means to alread accepted ends, or as obstacles to their attainment (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])
*'''Intuitionism''': the theory that primary truths and principles, especially those of ethics and metaphysics, are known through intuition rather than learning (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])

== J ==

== K ==

*'''Krisis''': point of judgment, moment of decision (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])

== L ==

*'''Lexia''': parts of a text that are separated from the meaning of the work as a whole to show the multiplicity of meaning and references
*'''Logology''': study of language and symbols (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Logomachies''': a dispute over or about words
*'''Logos''': the logical appeal that attempts to persuade the audience using intellect and reason (Persuasive appeals: [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Logical empiricism''': the school of philosophy that combines empiricism (the idea that observational evidence is indispensable for knowledge of the world) with a version of rationalism incorporating mathematical and logico-linguistic constructs (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])

== M ==

*'''Modal Qualifiers''':

== N ==
*'''Natura naturans''': nature doing what nature does (see [["Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences" by Mikhail Bakhtin]])
*'''Natura naurata''': nature already created (see [["Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences" by Mikhail Bakhtin]])
*'''New Criticism''': a movement that viewed texts as completely autonomous (Richards [[February 1 Class Notes]])
*'''New Rhetoric''': theory of argumentation (See [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])
*'''Node''': any object which is linked to another object (Slatin [[March 22 Class Notes]])
*'''Nominalism''': the belief that universals are mere names without any reality (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])

== O ==

*'''Object''': the action you take (Peirce [[January 25 Class Notes]])
*'''Organon''': an instrument for acquiring knowledge; specifically, a body of principles of scientific or philosophic investigation (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Orthographic''': projection of a single view of an object onto a drawing surface in which the lines of projection are perpendicular to the drawing surface (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])

== P ==
*'''Parlance''': a particular way of speaking or using words, especially a way common to those with a particular job or interest (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Paradeigma''': use of example or anecdotal evidence to prove a point (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Pathos''': the appeal to emotion and shared values; often used in advertising and thought to be manipulative but also extrmeely effective (Persuasive appeals: [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]]
*'''Pejorative''': a word or phrase that has negative connotations or that is intended to disparage or belittle (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Perennial''': continuing without interruption (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Phoneme''': a unit of the phonetic system of a language that corresponds to a set of similar speech sounds perceived to be a single distinctive sound in the language (e.g., the velar \k\ of cool and the palatal \k\ of keel) (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])
*'''Pisteis''': proofs, persuasive appeals: (logos, ethos, pathos); artistic (logical, logos, nonlogical, ethos and pathos) and inartistic (tangible evidence) (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
* '''Play theory''': the theory that any and all activities have rules, specific outcomes, and some sort of strategy to win (See [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process"]] )
* '''Player agents''': people involved in the process of play theory (See [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process"]] )
*'''Poeis''': fine arts (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Polyglossia''': the hybrid nature of language (see [[Mikhail Bakhtin]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Bakhtin#The_Dialogic_Imagination:_Chronotope.2C_Heteroglossia The Dialogic Imagination]
*'''Positivist empiricism''': emphasizes role of experience and evidence especially sensory perception (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])
*'''Priori''': relating to or derived by reasoning from self-evident propositions (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])
*'''Promulgation''': to make known by open declaration; publish; proclaim formally or put into operation (a law, decree of a court, etc.). (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Proofs''': Justification, reasoning, argumentation. (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])

== Q ==

== R ==

*'''Rationalism''': truth is not sensory, but intellectual and deductive. You only know thought through deductive reasoning. (See [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])
*'''Rationalistic idealism''': criterion of truth is not sensory but intelluctual and deductive (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])
*'''Rediscovers''': the effects of analogy or isomorphism with current forms of knowledge that allow the perception of forgotten or obscured figures (See [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]])
*'''Representame'''n: what something represents to you personally (creates in the mind of that person an equivalent sign, or perhaps a more developed sign) (Peirce [[January 25 Class Notes]])
* '''Rhetoric''': (see [[Definitions of Rhetoric]])

== S ==
*'''Semantic''': of or relating to meaning in language (see [["Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences" by Mikhail Bakhtin]])
*'''Semiology''': the study of signs (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])
*'''Signified''': concept in the mind (not a thing but the notion of a thing) (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])
*'''Signifier''': the material (or physical form) of the sign (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])
*'''Spatiotemporal:''' Belonging to both space and time or to space-time (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])
*'''Syllogism''': logical/deductive, conclusion resting on 2 premises (major, minor, conclusion) (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Supra-Textual Structuring''': affects the document globally, with section titles, page headers, tabs, page size, orientation, the placement of extra-textual elements (e.g. data display and pictures), icons, page color, and various line, textures, and marks. Supra-textual cues create visual coherence among units in a document (see [https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/alred/www/pdf/kostelnick-rhetoricoftext.pdf Rhetoric of Text])
*'''Synchronic''': concerned with events existing in a limited time period and ignoring historical antecedents (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])
*'''Suasory:''' Tending to persuade. (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Subjectivism''': doctrine that knowledge is merely subjective and that there is no external or objective truth (see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])
*'''Subverter''': to pervert or corrupt by an undermining of morals, allegiance, or faith (see [[“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by Richard Weaver]])

== T ==

*'''Tautologies''': a phrase or expression in which the same thing is said twice in different words; a statement that is true by necessity or by virtue of its logical form(see [["The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning" by Chaïm Perelman]])
*'''Techne''': art, craft (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Telos''': an ultimate end. (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Trivium''': An introductory curriculum at a medieval university involving the study of grammar, rhetoric, and logic. (Bryant [[February 3 Class Notes]])
*'''Tropism''': growth toward or away from external stimulus (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])

== U ==

== V ==

== W ==
*'''Warrant''': in the [[Toulmin Model of Argument]], an often implicit assumption that supports the inference of the claim from the data/evidence (see [[Toulmin, Stephen "The Layout of Arguments"]])

== X ==

== Y ==

== Z ==

Hea, Amy C. Kimme "Riding The Wave"

2012-04-13T05:27:45Z

Nicole S: Created page with "== Article Summary == '''Two ways technology is defined:''' a. the substantive view, where technology is constructed as inevitably good or bad, and technological progress is..."

== Article Summary ==

'''Two ways technology is defined:'''
 a. the substantive view, where technology is constructed as inevitably good or bad, and technological progress is seen as inherently either helping humankind achieve its potential or enslaving us in a dehumanized culture
 b. the instrumental view, in which technology is neutral; that is, technology is merely a tool unaffected by its own social and historical context (272).
 
Web is a constructed space with a range of ideologies, differences, and politics at play (274). 
 '''Articulation:''' a connection or linking of parts to form a unity (273).
 '''Articulation theory:''' is well-suited to examinations of technology because it addresses a range of cultural concerns manifest in the design, development, production, circulation, and consumption of technologies (274).

Article Summaries

2012-04-13T05:25:47Z

Nicole S: /* E-H */

This page links to in-depth article summaries from prominent authors in this field. Links are organized by author's last name.

== A-D ==
* [[Aristotle, Poetics]]
* [[Aristotle, Rhetoric]]
:
:
* [[Bakhtin, Mikhail "Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences"]]
* [[Baron, Dennis "From Pencils to Pixels: The Stages of Literacy Technology"]]
* [[Barthes, Roland "Death of the Author"]]
* [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]]
*[[Bitzer, Lloyd "The Rhetorical Situation"]]
* [[Brent, Douglas "Rogerian Rhetoric: An Alternative to Traditional Rhetoric"]]
* [[Bryant, Donald C. "Rhetoric: Its Functions and Its Scope"]]
* [[Burke, Kenneth "Definition of Man"]]
:
:
* [[Corder, Jim W. "Argument as Emergence, Rhetoric as Love"]]
* [["CCCC Position Statement"]]
:
:
* [[DePew, Kevin Eric “Through the Eyes of Researchers, Rhetors, and Audiences”]]
* [[Downs, Douglas and Elizabeth Wardle “Teaching About Writing, Righting Misconceptions: (Re)Envisioning 'First Year Composition' as 'Introduction to Writing Studies'”]]
== E-H ==
* [[Ede, Lisa S. and Andrea A. Lunsford "On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric"]]
* [[Ehninger, Douglas "On Systems of Rhetoric"]]
:
:
* [[Fisher, Walter "Narration as a Human Communication Paradigm"]]
* [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]]
:
* [[Hea, Amy C. Kimme "Riding The Wave"]]
* [[Halloran, Michael S. "On the End of Rhetoric: Classical and Modern"]]
* [[Hart-Davidson, Bill and Steven D. Krause “Re: The Future of Computers and Writing: A Multivocal Textumentary”]]

== I-L ==
* [[Johnson-Eilola, Johndan “Negative Spaces: From Production to Connection in Composition”]]
:
:
* [[Logie, John “Champing at the Bits: Computers, Copyright, ad the Composition Classroom”]]
* [[Lunsford, Andrea and Lisa Ede "On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric"]]
== M-P ==
* [[McIntire-Strasburg, Janice "Multimedia Research"]]
* [[McKeon, Richard “The Uses of Rhetoric in a Technological Age: Architectonic Productive Arts”]]
* [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process"]]
:
:
* [[Ohmann, Richard “In Lieu of a New Rhetoric”]]
:
:
* [[Palmquist, Mike, Kate Kiefer, James Hartvigsen, and Barbara Goodlew "Contrasts: Teaching and Learning about Writing in Traditional and Computer Classrooms"]]
* [[Perelman, Chaïm "The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning"]]
== Q-T ==
* [[Richards, I.A. "How to Read a Page"]]
* [[Rickly, Rebecca "Messy Contexts: Research as a Rhetorical Situation"]]
:
:
* [[Saussure, Ferdinand de "Nature of the Linguistic Sign"]]
* [[Scott, Robert L. "On Viewing Rhetoric as Epistemic"]]
* [[Sidler, Michelle "Playing Scavenger and Gazer with Scientific Discourse: Opportunities and Ethics for Online Research"]]
* [[Selfe, Cynthia L. & Richard J. Selfe Jr. "The Politics of the Interface: Power and Its Exercise in Electronic Contact Zones"]]
* [[Slatin, John M. "Reading Hypertext: Order and Coherence in a New Medium"]]
* [[Sorapure, Madeleine, Pamela Inglesby, and George Yatchisin "Web Literacy: Challenges and Opportunities for Research in a New Medium"]]
:
:
* [[Toulmin, Stephen "The Layout of Arguments"]]
== U-X ==
* [[Vatz, Richard "The Myth of the Rhetorical Situation]]
:
:
* [[Wardle, Elizabeth and Douglas Downs “Teaching About Writing, Righting Misconceptions: (Re)Envisioning 'First Year Composition' as 'Introduction to Writing Studies'”]]
* [[Weaver, Richard "The Cultural Role of Rhetoric]]
* [[Williams, Sean D. "Part 2: Toward an Integrated Composition Pedagogy in Hypertext"]]
== Y & Z ==
* [[Yancey, Kathleen Blake "Looking for Sources of Coherence in a Fragmented World: Notes toward a New Assessment Design"]]
* [[Yancey, Kathleen Blake "Made Not Only in Words: Composition in a New Key"]]

Sidler, Michelle "Playing Scavenger and Gazer with Scientific Discourse: Opportunities and Ethics for Online Research"

2012-04-13T05:23:42Z

Nicole S:

== Article Summary ==
'''Online vs. Print'''

<li>Print documents must undergo a publication process and therefore becomes “historical record” in comparison to web “documents” which are living and immediate.
<li>Websites are valuable artifacts, though they have not undergone any academic evaluation.
<li>As a research scavenger, numerous texts and sources of data are available immediately online.
<li>'''Scavenge:''' “plucking discourse of many types from multiple sources, both historical and (near) real-time” (75).
 
'''Personal vs. Private'''
<li>Legal and ethical risks
<li>“Such engagement requires an adventuresome, nomadic spirit and willingness to situate ethics in discrete contexts for particular places and times, constantly scavenging for new ethical models and socially responsible methodologies” (84).
<li>'''Gaze:''' to see, accidentally or on purpose, behind the curtain of public disclosure and into the private lives of research subjects.

Celeste Condit

2012-04-13T05:19:06Z

Nicole S:

This page provides information about Celeste Condit's contribution to the conversation of [[Kenneth Burke]] and his theory of the [[Dramatistic Pentad]].

== Personal Information ==
Celeste M. Condit, Ph.D. is a professor of speech communication at the [http://www.ibr.uga.edu/directory/faculty/condit.htm University of Georgia].

== Post-Burke Response ==
Being the often patriarchal discipline that it is, Condit explores sex and gender in the realm of [[Kenneth Burke]]'s ''Definition of Man'' in her 1992 essay "[http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00335639209384002#preview Post-Burke: Transcending the Sub-Stance of Dramatism]." Condit explains that “in Burke’s writing there is basically one gender—man,” though other genders, not limited to women, are recognized in the present day (350). Condit goes on to recognize that Burke classifies women under “Man” rather than classically popular “not-Man” (351). Language which is built in positive and negatives, as seen in Condit’s example that women primarily exist as “not men”, rather than a positive entity, do not fairly represent the human experience. When Burke defines Man as “symbol-making” and “symbol-misusing,” Condit believes that he is reinforcing the idea that men are active and creative. A “Man’s women,” on the other hand, must be seen, according to Condit’s analysis of Burke, as “symbol-receiving” and “passive.” Therein lays the inherent oppressive force of men against women, Condit explains, because women may only use what men have created. Ultimately, language defined by men will inherently favor men and treat women and other genders as passive, and therefore less significant, beings.

In 1999, [[Phyllis M. Japp]] wrote the essay “Can This Marriage Be Saved? Reclaiming Burke for Feminist Scholarship" as a part of the journal [http://books.google.com/books?id=CcD9wYsIy1kC&pg=PA113&lpg=PA113&dq=Can+This+Marriage+Be+Saved?+Reclaiming+Burke+for+Feminist+Scholarship&source=bl&ots=0VKRayAKL4&sig=ngZCugp8lAoRrM0FwJ9pjQqId5Y&hl=en&sa=X&ei=sTeHT_eJG4aS8AG5sf2VCA&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Can%20This%20Marriage%20Be%20Saved%3F%20Reclaiming%20Burke%20for%20Feminist%20Scholarship&f=false Kenneth Burke and the 21st Century] to respond to Condit's Post-Burke arguments.

Celeste Condit

2012-04-13T05:18:04Z

Nicole S:

This page provides information about Celeste Condit's contribution to the conversation of [[Kenneth Burke]] and his theory of the [[Dramatistic Pentad]].

== Personal Information ==
Celeste M. Condit, Ph.D. is a professor of speech communication at the [http://www.ibr.uga.edu/directory/faculty/condit.htm University of Georgia].

== Post-Burke Response ==
Being the often patriarchal discipline that it is, Condit explores sex and gender in the realm of [[Kenneth Burke]]'s ''Definition of Man''. Condit explains that “in Burke’s writing there is basically one gender—man,” though other genders, not limited to women, are recognized in the present day (350). Condit goes on to recognize that Burke classifies women under “Man” rather than classically popular “not-Man” (351). Language which is built in positive and negatives, as seen in Condit’s example that women primarily exist as “not men”, rather than a positive entity, do not fairly represent the human experience. When Burke defines Man as “symbol-making” and “symbol-misusing,” Condit believes that he is reinforcing the idea that men are active and creative. A “Man’s women,” on the other hand, must be seen, according to Condit’s analysis of Burke, as “symbol-receiving” and “passive.” Therein lays the inherent oppressive force of men against women, Condit explains, because women may only use what men have created. Ultimately, language defined by men will inherently favor men and treat women and other genders as passive, and therefore less significant, beings.

In 1999, [[Phyllis M. Japp]] wrote the essay “Can This Marriage Be Saved? Reclaiming Burke for Feminist Scholarship" as a part of the journal [http://books.google.com/books?id=CcD9wYsIy1kC&pg=PA113&lpg=PA113&dq=Can+This+Marriage+Be+Saved?+Reclaiming+Burke+for+Feminist+Scholarship&source=bl&ots=0VKRayAKL4&sig=ngZCugp8lAoRrM0FwJ9pjQqId5Y&hl=en&sa=X&ei=sTeHT_eJG4aS8AG5sf2VCA&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Can%20This%20Marriage%20Be%20Saved%3F%20Reclaiming%20Burke%20for%20Feminist%20Scholarship&f=false Kenneth Burke and the 21st Century] to respond to Condit's Post-Burke arguments.

Celeste Condit

2012-04-13T05:13:20Z

Nicole S: /* Post-Burke Response */

Phyllis M. Japp

2012-04-13T05:12:22Z

Nicole S:

== Personal Information ==
Phyllis M. Japp, Ph.D. is Associate Professor of Communication Studies at University of Nebraska.

== Reclaiming Burke ==

In her essay “Can This Marriage Be Saved? Reclaiming Burke for Feminist Scholarship" in the journal [http://books.google.com/books?id=CcD9wYsIy1kC&pg=PA113&lpg=PA113&dq=Can+This+Marriage+Be+Saved?+Reclaiming+Burke+for+Feminist+Scholarship&source=bl&ots=0VKRayAKL4&sig=ngZCugp8lAoRrM0FwJ9pjQqId5Y&hl=en&sa=X&ei=sTeHT_eJG4aS8AG5sf2VCA&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Can%20This%20Marriage%20Be%20Saved%3F%20Reclaiming%20Burke%20for%20Feminist%20Scholarship&f=false Kenneth Burke and the 21st Century] Phyllis M. Japp disagrees with [[Celeste Condit]], explaining that she feels a connection to [[Kenneth Burke]]’s ''Definition of Man'', even as a woman. She says that personal experience has led her to this deeper understanding of his ideals. She explains “I have found in Burke an indispensible array of guerilla army tactics for survival in a field of masculine symbols” (113). It seems that Japp agrees with Condit on the matter that Burke’s text is inherently masculine, but is still useful to feminist rhetoricians because she is armed with an understanding of another gender that most of her peers in a majorly patriarchal discipline are not. Rather than rejecting Burkean theory altogether, like many feminist scholars in the 1990s, Japp seems to agree with Condit that Burke’s ideas need extension in order to be applicable to the modern feminist scholar. Japp explains “Reclaimation is a strategy midway between acceptance and rejection, affirming the value of a text…while simultaneously reworking and reshaping that text…to better serve all in the community” (114). In order to reclaim Burke, Japp suggests that women’s voices be included in the conversation by way of actual women. Of course, Japp seems to say, Burke’s Definition of Man is missing the female experience—he has not lived it. Updating any classical text, whether spiritual, rhetorical, etc., must be reinforced with the female voice and experience because it has been missing since the beginning of time. While Japp does absolve Burke of his masculine-construction, she also does not blame him entirely for his mistake.

Celeste Condit

2012-04-13T05:10:29Z

Nicole S:

Phyllis M. Japp

2012-04-13T04:22:20Z

Nicole S: Created page with "== Reclaiming Burke == In her essay “Can This Marriage Be Saved? Reclaiming Burke for Feminist Scholarship" in the journal [http://books.google.com/books?id=CcD9wYsIy1kC&pg=PA..."

== Reclaiming Burke ==

In her essay “Can This Marriage Be Saved? Reclaiming Burke for Feminist Scholarship" in the journal [http://books.google.com/books?id=CcD9wYsIy1kC&pg=PA113&lpg=PA113&dq=Can+This+Marriage+Be+Saved?+Reclaiming+Burke+for+Feminist+Scholarship&source=bl&ots=0VKRayAKL4&sig=ngZCugp8lAoRrM0FwJ9pjQqId5Y&hl=en&sa=X&ei=sTeHT_eJG4aS8AG5sf2VCA&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Can%20This%20Marriage%20Be%20Saved%3F%20Reclaiming%20Burke%20for%20Feminist%20Scholarship&f=false Kenneth Burke and the 21st Century] Phyllis M. Japp disagrees with [[Celeste Condit]], explaining that she feels a connection to [[Kenneth Burke]]’s ''Definition of Man'', even as a woman. She says that personal experience has led her to this deeper understanding of his ideals. She explains “I have found in Burke an indispensible array of guerilla army tactics for survival in a field of masculine symbols” (113). It seems that Japp agrees with Condit on the matter that Burke’s text is inherently masculine, but is still useful to feminist rhetoricians because she is armed with an understanding of another gender that most of her peers in a majorly patriarchal discipline are not. Rather than rejecting Burkean theory altogether, like many feminist scholars in the 1990s, Japp seems to agree with Condit that Burke’s ideas need extension in order to be applicable to the modern feminist scholar. Japp explains “Reclaimation is a strategy midway between acceptance and rejection, affirming the value of a text…while simultaneously reworking and reshaping that text…to better serve all in the community” (114). In order to reclaim Burke, Japp suggests that women’s voices be included in the conversation by way of actual women. Of course, Japp seems to say, Burke’s Definition of Man is missing the female experience—he has not lived it. Updating any classical text, whether spiritual, rhetorical, etc., must be reinforced with the female voice and experience because it has been missing since the beginning of time. While Japp does absolve Burke of his masculine-construction, she also does not blame him entirely for his mistake.

Celeste Condit

2012-04-13T04:12:32Z

Nicole S:

This page provides information about Celeste Condit's contribution to the conversation of [[Kenneth Burke]] and his theory of the [[Dramatistic Pentad]].

== Personal Information ==

== Post-Burke Response ==
Being the often patriarchal discipline that it is, Condit explores sex and gender in the realm of the Definition of Man. Condit explains that “in Burke’s writing there is basically one gender—man,” though other genders, not limited to women, are recognized in the present day (350). Condit goes on to recognize that Burke classifies women under “Man” rather than classically popular “not-Man” (351). Language which is built in positive and negatives, as seen in Condit’s example that women primarily exist as “not men”, rather than a positive entity, do not fairly represent the human experience. When Burke defines Man as “symbol-making” and “symbol-misusing,” Condit believes that he is reinforcing the idea that men are active and creative. A “Man’s women,” on the other hand, must be seen, according to Condit’s analysis of Burke, as “symbol-receiving” and “passive.” Therein lays the inherent oppressive force of men against women, Condit explains, because women may only use what men have created. Ultimately, language defined by men will inherently favor men and treat women and other genders as passive, and therefore less significant, beings.

Celeste Condit

2012-04-12T20:39:30Z

Nicole S: Created page with "This page provides information about Celeste Condit's contribution to the conversation of Kenneth Burke and his theory of the Dramatistic Pentad. == Personal Information..."

Contribution to Wiki, Spring 2012

2012-04-12T20:28:40Z

Nicole S:

Theories and Movements

2012-04-12T20:20:31Z

Nicole S:

This page discusses key rhetorical movements and the theories associated with those movements.

==Belletristic/Elocution==

== [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiotics ''Semiotics''] ==

[[Ferdinand de Saussure]], 1857-1913: [[signified and signifier are core of semiotics]]

[[Roland Barthes]], 1915-1980: author and scriptor, neutral and novelistic writing

[[Mikhail Bakhtin]], 1895-1975: [[Polyphony]], [[Unfinalizability]], [[Carnival and Grotesque]], [[Chronotope]], [[Heteroglossia]] ("The Dialogic Imagination"), [[Speech genres]]

== Conservatism ==

[[Richard Weaver]], 1910-1963: man's nature is fourfold (rational, emotional, ethical, religious), [[God and Devil Terms]], [[Noble Rhetoric]], [[Anti-Nominalism]]

==Feminist Criticism==

[[Celeste Condit]], author of [http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00335639209384002#preview "Post-Burke: Transcending the Sub-Stance of Dramatism"] (1992).

[[Phyllis M. Japp]], author of “Can This Marriage Be Saved? Reclaiming Burke for Feminist Scholarship" from [http://books.google.com/books?id=CcD9wYsIy1kC&pg=PA113&lpg=PA113&dq=Can+This+Marriage+Be+Saved?+Reclaiming+Burke+for+Feminist+Scholarship&source=bl&ots=0VKRayAKL4&sig=ngZCugp8lAoRrM0FwJ9pjQqId5Y&hl=en&sa=X&ei=sTeHT_eJG4aS8AG5sf2VCA&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Can%20This%20Marriage%20Be%20Saved%3F%20Reclaiming%20Burke%20for%20Feminist%20Scholarship&f=false Kenneth Burke and the 21st Century] (1999).

== Literary Criticism ==

[[I. A. Richards]], 1893-1979: father of [[New Criticism]]

== New Rhetorics ==

[[Kenneth Burke]], 1897-1993: [[Dramatistic Pentad]] (act, scene, agent, agency, purpose), [[Definition of Man]] as symbol-using animal

[http://4341.quinnwarnick.com/wiki/Chaim_Perelman Chaim Perelman], 1912-1984: [[New Rhetorics]]

[[Donald C. Bryant]], 1905-1987: [[definitions of rhetoric]]

== [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rogerian_argument ''Rogerian Rhetoric''] ==
Rogerian rhetoric is derived from the theories of Carl Rogers. Rogers originally developed his ideas as a method of therapy that was centered around understanding the person being treated. Initially called non-directive therapy, this system became the foundation for Rogers' broader ideas of the self and learning. These ideas have been applied across disciplines, heavily influencing one branch of rhetorical studies.

Rogerian rhetoric then, is the idea that persuasion is most effective when the positions on all side of the argument are understood, and a connection is made between the people involved. Terms such as non-combative and person-centered are some of the theory's watch-words.

Rogerian rhetoric typically consists of 4 main stages:
# An introduction to the problem and a demonstration that the opponent's position is understood.
# A statement of the contexts in which the opponent's position may be valid.
# A statement of the writer's position, including the contexts in which it is valid.
# A statement of how the opponent's position would benefit if he were to adopt elements of the writer's position. If the writer can show that the positions complement each other, that each supplies what the other lacks, so much the better (Brent)

[[Jim W. Corder]], 1929-1998: [[argument as emergence toward the other]]

[[Douglas Brent]]: [[Rogerian Rhetoric as an alternative to Traditional Rhetoric]]

== [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-structuralism ''Post-Structuralism''] ==

[[Michel Foucault]], 1926-1984: [[author-function]]

== Pedagogical Studies ==

[[Lisa S. Ede]], b. 1947: [[Distinctions Between Classical and Modern Rhetoric]]

[[Andrea A. Lunsford]], b. 1942: [[Distinctions Between Classical and Modern Rhetoric]]

== Writing and Technology ==

[[Cynthia L. Selfe]]: [[Influential Role in "Computers in the Composition Classroom"]]

[[Richard J. Selfe Jr.]]: [[Computer Interface as Representation of Oppression of Diverse Cultures]]

[[Dennis Baron]], b. 1944:

== Uncategorized ==
[[Stephen Toulmin]], 1922-2009: [[Toulmin Model of Argument]]

[[Robert L. Scott]], b. 1928: [[Epistemic Rhetoric]]

[[Richard Ohmann]], b. 1931:

[[S. Michael Halloran]], b. 1939: [[Rhetoric in Existentialist Literature]]

[[John M. Slatin]]:

[[Kathleen Blake Yancey]]:

[[Johndan Johnson-Eilola]]:

[[John Logie]]:

[[Sean D. Williams]]:

[[Steven Fraiberg]]:

Sorapure et al.?

Palmquist et al.?

[[Bill Hart-Davidson]] and [[Steven D. Krause]]:

[[Douglas Downs]] and [[Elizabeth Wardle]]:

?: [[Semanticism]]