RhetorClick - User contributions [en]

User:RyanMitchell

2012-04-17T03:33:52Z

RyanMitchell: /* Major Contributions */

I am currently a junior English Writing and Rhetoric major at St. Edward's University in Austin, TX. Previous courses that might prove useful in my editing of the site are Theories of Rhetoric & Composition, Revising & Editing, and Text & Discourse Analysis. For the past two years, I have been a contributing editor to my university's academic journal Arete.

==Major Contributions==
*Graduate Resource page and content
*Book List page and initial content
*Minor editing on different articles
*Article summaries: Ehninger, Downs & Wardle

Book List

2012-04-17T03:33:13Z

RyanMitchell:

*''Rhetoric''--Aristotle
*''A Grammar of Motives '' -- Kenneth Burke
*''A Rhetoric of Motives'' --Kenneth Burke
*''The Essential Guide to Rhetoric''--William Keith and Christian Lundberg

Book List

2012-04-17T03:32:22Z

RyanMitchell:

*"Rhetoric"--Aristotle
*''A Grammar of Motives '' -- Kenneth Burke
*"A Rhetoric of Motives" --Kenneth Burke
*"The Essential Guide to Rhetoric"--William Keith and Christian Lundberg

Book List

2012-04-17T03:29:44Z

RyanMitchell:

*''A Grammar of Motives '' -- Kenneth Burke
*"A Rhetoric of Motives" --Kenneth Burke

Book List

2012-04-17T03:28:53Z

RyanMitchell: Created page with "*''A Grammar of Motives '' -- Kenneth Burke"

*''A Grammar of Motives '' -- Kenneth Burke

Graduate Programs & Resources

2012-04-17T03:24:13Z

RyanMitchell: /* Programs of Interest */

Studying Rhetoric and Composition is an arduous, but fulfilling adventure. Listed below are links to the nation's top rhetoric graduate programs and rhetoric resources.

==Program Rankings and Lists==
*[http://associationdatabase.com/aws/RSA/pt/sp/resources_gradprograms Rhetoric Society of America Graduate School Lists]
*[http://graduate-school.phds.org/find/programs/rhetoric?field_id=24 PHD.org Comparison Rankings]
*[http://education-portal.com/articles/Top_Schools_for_Speech_Communications_and_Rhetoric.html Speech and Communication Programs]
*[http://wpacouncil.org/writingprograms/index.html Council of Writing Program Administrators]
*[http://www.ncte.org/library/NCTEFiles/Groups/CCCC/Committees/Writing_Majors_Final.pdf Undergraduate Writing Programs]
*[http://chronicle.com/article/NRC-Rankings-Overview-/124717/ Comparison of different Communications programs]
*[http://grad-schools.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-graduate-schools/top-humanities-schools/english-rankings America's Top English Graduate Programs]
*[http://www.cws.illinois.edu/programs/rc_consortium/members.html Doctoral Consortium in Rhetoric and Composition]
*[http://www.u.arizona.edu/~enos/FullSurvey.pdf 2007 Rhetoric Review Survey of Doctoral Programs in Rhetoric and Composition]

==Programs of Interest==
*[http://www.communication.northwestern.edu/departments/communicationstudies/ Northerwestern Universities School of Communication]
*[http://steinhardt.nyu.edu/ New York University's Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development]
*[http://www.utexas.edu/cola/depts/rhetoric/ University of Texas Department of Rhetoric and Writing]
*[http://www.eng.tcu.edu/phdinrhetcomp.htm Texas Christian University Rhetoric and Composition]
*[http://ccr.syr.edu/ Syracuse University Composition and Cultural Rhetoric]
*[http://engl.iastate.edu/programs/rhetoric/phd/ Iowa State Rhetoric and Professional Communication]

==Resources and Journals==
* [http://www.ncte.org/journals/ce College English]
* [http://www.ncte.org/cccc/ccc College Composition and Communication]
* [http://computersandcomposition.osu.edu/ Computers and Composition]
* [http://www.bgsu.edu/cconline/ Computers and Composition Online]
* [http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/10572252.asp Technical Communication Quarterly]
* [http://english.ttu.edu/kairos/ Kairos]
* [http://www.associationdatabase.com/aws/RSA/pt/sp/rsq Rhetoric Society Quarterly]
* [http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/RQJS Quarterly Journal of Speech]

Graduate Programs & Resources

2012-04-17T03:21:16Z

RyanMitchell: /* Programs of Interest */

Studying Rhetoric and Composition is an arduous, but fulfilling adventure. Listed below are links to the nation's top rhetoric graduate programs and rhetoric resources.

==Program Rankings and Lists==
*[http://associationdatabase.com/aws/RSA/pt/sp/resources_gradprograms Rhetoric Society of America Graduate School Lists]
*[http://graduate-school.phds.org/find/programs/rhetoric?field_id=24 PHD.org Comparison Rankings]
*[http://education-portal.com/articles/Top_Schools_for_Speech_Communications_and_Rhetoric.html Speech and Communication Programs]
*[http://wpacouncil.org/writingprograms/index.html Council of Writing Program Administrators]
*[http://www.ncte.org/library/NCTEFiles/Groups/CCCC/Committees/Writing_Majors_Final.pdf Undergraduate Writing Programs]
*[http://chronicle.com/article/NRC-Rankings-Overview-/124717/ Comparison of different Communications programs]
*[http://grad-schools.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-graduate-schools/top-humanities-schools/english-rankings America's Top English Graduate Programs]
*[http://www.cws.illinois.edu/programs/rc_consortium/members.html Doctoral Consortium in Rhetoric and Composition]
*[http://www.u.arizona.edu/~enos/FullSurvey.pdf 2007 Rhetoric Review Survey of Doctoral Programs in Rhetoric and Composition]

==Programs of Interest==
*[http://www.communication.northwestern.edu/departments/communicationstudies/ Northerwestern Universities School of Communication]
*[http://steinhardt.nyu.edu/ New York University's Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development]
*[http://www.utexas.edu/cola/depts/rhetoric/ University of Texas Department of Rhetoric and Writing]
*[http://www.eng.tcu.edu/phdinrhetcomp.htm Texas Christian University Rhetoric and Composition]

==Resources and Journals==
* [http://www.ncte.org/journals/ce College English]
* [http://www.ncte.org/cccc/ccc College Composition and Communication]
* [http://computersandcomposition.osu.edu/ Computers and Composition]
* [http://www.bgsu.edu/cconline/ Computers and Composition Online]
* [http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/10572252.asp Technical Communication Quarterly]
* [http://english.ttu.edu/kairos/ Kairos]
* [http://www.associationdatabase.com/aws/RSA/pt/sp/rsq Rhetoric Society Quarterly]
* [http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/RQJS Quarterly Journal of Speech]

Graduate Programs & Resources

2012-04-17T03:20:11Z

RyanMitchell: /* Resources and Journals */

Studying Rhetoric and Composition is an arduous, but fulfilling adventure. Listed below are links to the nation's top rhetoric graduate programs and rhetoric resources.

==Program Rankings and Lists==
*[http://associationdatabase.com/aws/RSA/pt/sp/resources_gradprograms Rhetoric Society of America Graduate School Lists]
*[http://graduate-school.phds.org/find/programs/rhetoric?field_id=24 PHD.org Comparison Rankings]
*[http://education-portal.com/articles/Top_Schools_for_Speech_Communications_and_Rhetoric.html Speech and Communication Programs]
*[http://wpacouncil.org/writingprograms/index.html Council of Writing Program Administrators]
*[http://www.ncte.org/library/NCTEFiles/Groups/CCCC/Committees/Writing_Majors_Final.pdf Undergraduate Writing Programs]
*[http://chronicle.com/article/NRC-Rankings-Overview-/124717/ Comparison of different Communications programs]
*[http://grad-schools.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-graduate-schools/top-humanities-schools/english-rankings America's Top English Graduate Programs]
*[http://www.cws.illinois.edu/programs/rc_consortium/members.html Doctoral Consortium in Rhetoric and Composition]
*[http://www.u.arizona.edu/~enos/FullSurvey.pdf 2007 Rhetoric Review Survey of Doctoral Programs in Rhetoric and Composition]

==Programs of Interest==
*[http://www.communication.northwestern.edu/departments/communicationstudies/ Northerwestern Universities School of Communication]
*[http://steinhardt.nyu.edu/ New York University's Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development]
*[http://www.utexas.edu/cola/depts/rhetoric/ University of Texas Department of Rhetoric and Writing]

==Resources and Journals==
* [http://www.ncte.org/journals/ce College English]
* [http://www.ncte.org/cccc/ccc College Composition and Communication]
* [http://computersandcomposition.osu.edu/ Computers and Composition]
* [http://www.bgsu.edu/cconline/ Computers and Composition Online]
* [http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/10572252.asp Technical Communication Quarterly]
* [http://english.ttu.edu/kairos/ Kairos]
* [http://www.associationdatabase.com/aws/RSA/pt/sp/rsq Rhetoric Society Quarterly]
* [http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/RQJS Quarterly Journal of Speech]

User:RyanMitchell

2012-04-17T03:18:07Z

RyanMitchell: /* Major Contributions */

I am currently a junior English Writing and Rhetoric major at St. Edward's University in Austin, TX. Previous courses that might prove useful in my editing of the site are Theories of Rhetoric & Composition, Revising & Editing, and Text & Discourse Analysis. For the past two years, I have been a contributing editor to my university's academic journal Arete.

==Major Contributions==
*Graduate Resource page and content
*Minor editing on different articles
*Article summaries: Ehninger, Downs & Wardle

Ehninger, Douglas "On Systems of Rhetoric"

2012-04-17T03:17:00Z

RyanMitchell:

In his essay, On Systems of Rhetoric, Douglas Ehninger argues that the only way to study rhetoric productively and thoroughly is to conceive of it as various, reactive systems. Ehninger propels the contextual nature of rhetoric, maintaining that rhetorics of different ages focus attention on issues pertinent to that particular age. To show the systematic nature of rhetoric, Ehninger simplifies popular theories from three pivotal moments in rhetorical history – the classical or Greek rhetoric, the “new” rhetoric of eighteenth-century England, and the social rhetoric of today. Respectively, the three periods are characterized by an emphasis on the grammar and components of oratory, the emotional responses of the audience, and the understanding of language as a concept-making tool. By viewing rhetoric as systems and connecting these systems with generalized summations, the modern rhetor can better prescribe a course for the field and navigate interpersonal communication, both on a grand and minute scale. Ultimately, Ehninger calls for historical approach to the study of reactionary communication as exemplified through rhetoric.

Downs, Douglas and Elizabeth Wardle “Teaching About Writing, Righting Misconceptions: (Re)Envisioning 'First Year Composition' as 'Introduction to Writing Studies'”

2012-04-17T03:14:33Z

RyanMitchell: /* Summary */

== Summary ==

In “Teaching about Writing, Righting Misconceptions: (Re)Envisioning ‘First-Year Composition’ as ‘Introduction to Writing Studies,’” Douglas Downs and Elizabeth Wardle argue for a complete overhaul of first-year composition (FYC) courses. The two maintain that FYC pedagogy reinforces writing stereotypes by forwarding the unsupported claim that writing can be taught divorced from its context and field. Such pedagogies, under Downs and Warble, propel the idea that writing is not a true area of academic interest. By shifting the focus of FYC from the false promise of teaching students how to write for college, Downs and Wardle believe composition curricula need to teach students about the nuances and complexities of writing itself. Beyond self-effacement, current FYC programs fail to prepare students for the contingent nature of academic writing. Since writing is almost always field-specific, a pedagogy striving to outline the commonalities of writing is not only a waste of time, but also misleading. Downs and Wardle propose a FYC program that examines writing contexts. The two believe that shifting the focus from universal instruction toward writing theory, the student gleans an understanding of the writing process in general; thus, allowing him to identify approaches to various writing situations. Through implementing a writing studies curriculum in their own classrooms, the two have noted an increased confidence students, which is related to a greater understand of how writing works.

User:RyanMitchell

2012-04-17T03:10:06Z

RyanMitchell:

I am currently a junior English Writing and Rhetoric major at St. Edward's University in Austin, TX. Previous courses that might prove useful in my editing of the site are Theories of Rhetoric & Composition, Revising & Editing, and Text & Discourse Analysis. For the past two years, I have been a contributing editor to my university's academic journal Arete.

==Major Contributions==
*Graduate Resource page and content
*Minor editing on different articles
*Article summaries

User:RyanMitchell

2012-04-17T03:09:34Z

RyanMitchell:

I am currently a junior English Writing and Rhetoric major at St. Edward's University in Austin, TX. Previous courses that might prove useful in my editing of the site are Theories of Rhetoric & Composition, Revising & Editing, and Text & Discourse Analysis. For the past two years, I have been a contributing editor to my university's academic journal Arete.

==Major Contributions==
Graduate Resource page and content
Minor editing on different articles
Article summaries

Graduate Programs & Resources

2012-04-16T14:49:55Z

RyanMitchell:

Studying Rhetoric and Composition is an arduous, but fulfilling adventure. Listed below are links to the nation's top rhetoric graduate programs and rhetoric resources.

==Program Rankings and Lists==
*[http://associationdatabase.com/aws/RSA/pt/sp/resources_gradprograms Rhetoric Society of America Graduate School Lists]
*[http://graduate-school.phds.org/find/programs/rhetoric?field_id=24 PHD.org Comparison Rankings]
*[http://education-portal.com/articles/Top_Schools_for_Speech_Communications_and_Rhetoric.html Speech and Communication Programs]
*[http://wpacouncil.org/writingprograms/index.html Council of Writing Program Administrators]
*[http://www.ncte.org/library/NCTEFiles/Groups/CCCC/Committees/Writing_Majors_Final.pdf Undergraduate Writing Programs]
*[http://chronicle.com/article/NRC-Rankings-Overview-/124717/ Comparison of different Communications programs]
*[http://grad-schools.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-graduate-schools/top-humanities-schools/english-rankings America's Top English Graduate Programs]
*[http://www.cws.illinois.edu/programs/rc_consortium/members.html Doctoral Consortium in Rhetoric and Composition]
*[http://www.u.arizona.edu/~enos/FullSurvey.pdf 2007 Rhetoric Review Survey of Doctoral Programs in Rhetoric and Composition]

==Programs of Interest==
*[http://www.communication.northwestern.edu/departments/communicationstudies/ Northerwestern Universities School of Communication]
*[http://steinhardt.nyu.edu/ New York University's Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development]
*[http://www.utexas.edu/cola/depts/rhetoric/ University of Texas Department of Rhetoric and Writing]

==Resources and Journals==
*[http://businesscommunication.org/about/ Association for Business Communication]
*[http://www.ncte.org/ National Council of Teachers of English]
*[http://www.ncte.org/cccc Conference on College Composition and Communication]

Graduate Programs & Resources

2012-04-15T19:15:35Z

RyanMitchell:

Graduate Programs & Resources

2012-04-15T18:47:21Z

RyanMitchell:

Graduate Programs & Resources

2012-04-15T18:18:11Z

RyanMitchell:

Graduate Programs & Resources

2012-04-15T18:15:44Z

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Graduate Programs & Resources

2012-04-15T18:13:59Z

RyanMitchell:

Graduate Programs & Resources

2012-04-15T18:12:16Z

RyanMitchell:

Graduate Programs & Resources

2012-04-15T18:11:37Z

RyanMitchell:

Studying Rhetoric and Composition is an arduous, but fulfilling adventure. Listed below are links to the nation's top rhetoric graduate programs and rhetoric resources.

*[http://associationdatabase.com/aws/RSA/pt/sp/resources_gradprograms Rhetoric Society of America Graduate School Lists]
*[http://graduate-school.phds.org/find/programs/rhetoric?field_id=24 PHD.org Comparison Rankings]
*[http://education-portal.com/articles/Top_Schools_for_Speech_Communications_and_Rhetoric.html Speech and Communication Programs]
*[http://wpacouncil.org/writingprograms/index.html Council of Writing Program Administrators]
*[http://www.ncte.org/library/NCTEFiles/Groups/CCCC/Committees/Writing_Majors_Final.pdf Undergraduate Writing Programs]
*[http://chronicle.com/article/NRC-Rankings-Overview-/124717/ Comparison of different Communications programs]

Graduate Programs & Resources

2012-04-12T17:11:47Z

RyanMitchell:

Studying Rhetoric and Composition is an arduous, but fulfilling, adventure. Listed below are links to the nations top rhetoric graduate programs and rhetoric resources.

*[http://associationdatabase.com/aws/RSA/pt/sp/resources_gradprograms Rhetoric Society of America Graduate School Lists]
*[http://graduate-school.phds.org/find/programs/rhetoric?field_id=24 PHD.org Comparison Rankings]
*[http://education-portal.com/articles/Top_Schools_for_Speech_Communications_and_Rhetoric.html Speech and Communication Programs]
*[http://wpacouncil.org/writingprograms/index.html Council of Writing Program Administrators]
*[http://www.ncte.org/library/NCTEFiles/Groups/CCCC/Committees/Writing_Majors_Final.pdf Undergraduate Writing Programs]
*[http://chronicle.com/article/NRC-Rankings-Overview-/124717/ Comparison of different Communications programs]

Graduate Programs & Resources

2012-04-12T16:49:57Z

RyanMitchell:

Graduate Programs & Resources

2012-04-12T16:44:31Z

RyanMitchell:

Graduate Programs & Resources

2012-04-12T16:39:11Z

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Graduate Programs & Resources

2012-04-12T16:34:32Z

RyanMitchell:

Graduate Programs & Resources

2012-04-12T16:34:03Z

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Graduate Programs & Resources

2012-04-12T16:32:05Z

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Graduate Programs & Resources

2012-04-12T16:31:21Z

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Graduate Programs & Resources

2012-04-12T16:04:40Z

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Graduate Programs & Resources

2012-04-12T15:59:15Z

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Graduate Programs & Resources

2012-04-12T15:57:44Z

RyanMitchell:

Studying Rhetoric and Composition is an arduous, but fulfilling, adventure. Listed below are links to the nations top rhetoric graduate programs and rhetoric resources.

{http://associationdatabase.com/aws/RSA/pt/sp/resources_gradprograms/Rhetoric Society of America Graduate School Lists]

Graduate Programs & Resources

2012-04-06T18:07:14Z

RyanMitchell: Created page with "Studying Rhetoric and Composition is an arduous, but fulfilling, adventure. Listed below are the nations top graduate programs in rhetoric."

Studying Rhetoric and Composition is an arduous, but fulfilling, adventure. Listed below are the nations top graduate programs in rhetoric.

Theories and Movements

2012-02-16T15:11:07Z

RyanMitchell:

This page discusses key rhetorical movements and the theories associated with those movements.

==Belletristic/Elocution==

== Semiotics ==

[[Ferdinand de Saussure]], 1857-1913: [[signified and signifier are core of semiotics]]

[[Roland Barthes]], 1915-1980: author and scriptor, neutral and novelistic writing

[[Mikhail Bakhtin]], 1895-1975: [[Polyphony]], [[Unfinalizability]], [[Carnival and Grotesque]], [[Chronotope]], [[Heteroglossia]] ("The Dialogic Imagination"), [[Speech genres]]

== Literary Criticism ==

[[I. A. Richards]], 1893-1979: father of [[New Criticism]]

== New Rhetorics ==

[[Kenneth Burke]], 1897-1993: [[Dramatistic Pentad]] (act, scene, agent, agency, purpose), [[Definition of Man]] as symbol-using animal

[http://4341.quinnwarnick.com/wiki/Chaim_Perelman Chaim Perelman], 1912-1984: [[New Rhetorics]]

[[Donald C. Bryant]], 1905-1987: [[definitions of rhetoric]]

== Rogerian Rhetoric ==

[[Jim W. Corder]], 1929-1998: [[argument as emergence toward the other]]

[[Douglas Brent]]: [[Rogerian Rhetoric as an alternative to Traditional Rhetoric]]

== Post-Structuralism ==

[[Michel Foucault]], 1926-1984: [[author-function]]

== Pedagogical Studies ==

[[Lisa S. Ede]], b. 1947: [[Distinctions Between Classical and Modern Rhetoric]]

[[Andrea A. Lunsford]], b. 1942: [[Distinctions Between Classical and Modern Rhetoric]]

== Writing and Technology ==

[[Cynthia L. Selfe]]: [[Influential Role in "Computers in the Composition Classroom"]]

[[Richard J. Selfe Jr.]]: [[Computer Interface as Representation of Oppression of Diverse Cultures]]

[[Dennis Baron]], b. 1944:

== Uncategorized ==

[[Richard Weaver]], 1910-1963: man's nature is fourfold (rational, emotional, ethical, religious), [[God and Devil Terms]], [[Noble Rhetoric]]

[[Stephen Toulmin]], 1922-2009: [[Toulmin Model of Argument]]

[[Robert L. Scott]], b. 1928: [[Epistemic Rhetoric]]

[[Richard Ohmann]], b. 1931:

[[S. Michael Halloran]], b. 1939: [[Rhetoric in Existentialist Literature]]

[[John M. Slatin]]:

[[Kathleen Blake Yancey]]:

[[Johndan Johnson-Eilola]]:

[[John Logie]]:

[[Sean D. Williams]]:

[[Steven Fraiberg]]:

Sorapure et al.?

Palmquist et al.?

[[Bill Hart-Davidson]] and [[Steven D. Krause]]:

[[Douglas Downs]] and [[Elizabeth Wardle]]:

?: [[Semanticism]]

Barthes, Roland "Death of the Author"

2012-02-16T15:07:52Z

RyanMitchell:

“Death of the Author” by [[Roland Barthes]] discusses and criticizes the emphasis literary critics place on the author while offering an alternative emphasis. The article cites those who have tried to break with traditional criticism practices, such as Mallarme’s attempt to suppress the author in poetics and Valery’s stress on linguistics and the text. Barthes proposes that criticism placing the author at the center of originality and creation are false because words and concepts are inherited, and thus unable to be created by the individual; instead, the author only exerts power in organization. The words and concepts used by humanity exist in culturally specific dictionaries, which he describes as a “tissue of signs imitation that is lost, infinitely deferred.” For Barthes, “A text is not a line of words releasing a single ‘theological’ meaning (the ‘message’ of the Author-God), but a multi-dimensional space in which a variety of writings, none of them original, blend and clash” (5). Ultimately, Barthes claims the author's identity limits text and its potential interpretations. Instead, the reader should be seen as the sole agent in interpretation since only he can aline the words on the page with his own understanding of reality. Barthes boldly states, “the birth of the reader must be at the cost of the death of the Author.”

Glossary

2012-02-16T14:56:32Z

RyanMitchell: /* L */

This page is dedicated to key terms from the readings.

== A ==

*'''Aesthetics''': study of the mind and emotions in relation to the sense of beauty (see [["The New Rhetoric" by Chaim Perelman]])
*'''Adumbration:''' prefiguration: the act of providing vague advance indications; representing beforehand. (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Affective Fallacy''': Wimsatt and Berdsley claimed that evaluating literature by the way it affects the reader is uselessly subjective. Again, literature should be evaluated through its use of language, not outside factors (see [["How to Read a Page" by I. A. Richards]])
*'''Agitator:''' A person who urges others to protest or rebel. (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Aleatoric''': according to chance (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Ambiguity''': Richards showed how under-examined ambiguities can lead to misinterpretation of an entire work (see [["How to Read a Page" by I. A. Richards]])
*'''Ancillary:''' Providing necessary support to the primary activities or operation of an organization, institution, industry, or system. (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Animism''': according to Aristotle, all objects have souls (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Antistrophos''': counterpart, companion (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Antithetical''': being in direct and unequivocal opposition (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])
*'''Antilogies''': contradiction in terms or ideas (see [["The New Rhetoric" by Chaim Perelman]])
*'''Aphorism''': a pithy observation that contains a general truth(see [["What is an Author?" by Michel Foucault]])
*'''Apodictic philosophy''': something demonstrated therefore true (see [["The New Rhetoric" by Chaim Perelman]])
*'''Axiological:''' of or relating to the study of values. (Weaver [[February 15 Class Notes]])
*'''Axiom''': self-evident truths that require no proof (see [["The New Rhetoric" by Chaim Perelman]])

== B ==
*'''Backing''': According to Stephen Toulmin, backing is "other assurances, without which the warrants themselves would posses neither authority nor currency" (The Layout of Arguments 113).
*'''Bricolage''': (in art or literature) construction or creation from a diverse range of available things (see [[April 5 Class Notes]])

== C ==

*'''Canonical''': accepted as being accurate and authoritative (see[["What is an Author?" by Michel Foucault]])
*'''Categorical imperative''': an unconditional moral obligation that is binding in all circumstances and is not dependent on a person's inclination or purpose (see [["The New Rhetoric" by Chaim Perelman]])
*'''Chariot allegory''': Socrates compares the soul to chariot horses and their rider. He believes the soul (chariot rider) is immortal and consists of one good horse and one bad horse. The soul is in constant struggle balancing and choosing between the two horses. Through the good soul only, the chariot can make it to eternity or heaven. (Weaver [[February 15 Class Notes]])
*'''Classical Rhetori'''c: theory of persuasive discourse (Perelman [[February 10 Class Notes]])
*'''Close Reading''': Richards shifted the focus from general analysis to a meticulous, word-level method of interpretation, which has greatly influenced modern criticism. (Richards [[February 1 Class Notes]])
*'''Compendia''': a brief summary of a larger work or of a field of knowledge; a list of number items (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Continuum:''' A continuous sequence in which adjacent elements are not perceptibly different from each other, although the extremes are quite distinct. (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])

== D ==

*'''Datum''':
*'''Death of the Author''': Roland Barthe's essay argues that the author must be disentangled from the text (Richards [[February 1 Class Notes]])
*'''Deictic''': denoting a word or expression whose meaning is dependent on the context in which it is used (see [["What Is an Author?" Michel Foucault]])
*'''Derided:''' Express contempt for; ridicule. (Weaver [[February 15 Class Notes]])
*'''Dialectic''': two-sided dialogue, formal argumentation system, conversation (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Doxa''': social knowledge (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Dialectical reasoning''': moving back and forth between contrary lines of reasoning examing both arguments (see [["The New Rhetoric" by Chaim Perelman]])
*'''Diachronic''': of, relating to, or dealing with phenomena (as of language or culture) as they occur or change over a period of time (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])
*'''Disparagement:''' a communication that belittles somebody or something. (Weaver [[February 15 Class Notes]])
*'''Dispositio''': the system used for the organization of arguments in Western classical rhetoric (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])

== E ==
*'''Ecriture''': the French word for ‘writing’. where it appears in this form in English texts, it refers to one or more specific senses used by modern French theorists.. "What Is an Author?"] by [[Michel Foucault]])
*'''Elocutio''': is the term for the mastery of stylistic elements in Western classical rhetoric and comes from the Latin loqui, "to speak". (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Emthymeme''': uses audience's assumptions, only use 1 premise (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Entelechy''': the actualization of form-giving cause as contrasted with potential existence. (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Episteme''': core, truths of the earth knowledge (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Esperanto''': an artificial international language based as far as possible on words common to the chief European languages (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])
*'''Ethos''': The persuasive appeal of one's character, especially how this character is established by means of speech or discourse. Ethotic appeals rely on the trustworthiness of the speaker or writer. Ethos is an effective appeal because when the audience believes that the speaker does not intend to do them harm, they are more likely to trust what is being said. (Persuasive appeals: see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]]
*'''Etymologically''' (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Existentialism''': a philosophical theory or approach that emphasizes the existence of the individual person as a free and responsible agent determining their own development through acts of the will (see [["The New Rhetoric" by Chaim Perelman]])
*''Exegesis'': manifesting behavior that is habitual, maladaptive, and compulsive (see [["What Is an Author?" Michel Foucault]])
*'''Exordium''': the beginning or introductory part, esp. of a discourse or treatise(see [["The New Rhetoric" by Chaim Perelman]])
*'''Extrinsic:''' Not part of the essential nature of someone or something; coming or operating from outside. (Weaver [[February 15 Class Notes]])

== F ==
*'''Fallacious:''' containing or based on a fallacy; "fallacious reasoning"; "an unsound argument". (Weaver [[February 15 Class Notes]])
*'''Forensic speaking''': is a form of speech that either attacks or defends somebody (see [["The New Rhetoric" by Chaim Perelman]])

== G ==

== H ==

*'''Heteroglossia''': the qualities of a language (such as ideology, perspective, etc.) that are extralinguistic, but common to all languages (see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Bakhtin#The_Dialogic_Imagination:_Chronotope.2C_Heteroglossia The Dialogic Imagination])
*'''Homonymy''': the relation between two words that are spelled the same way but differ in meaning or the relation between two words that are pronounced the same way but differ in meaning (see [["What Is an Author?" Michel Foucault]])
*'''Hypertext''': Ted Nelson, who coined the term hypertext, defines it as non-sequential writing. "This means writing in which the logical connections between elements are primarily associative rather than syllogistic, as in conventional text" (Slatin 171). (Slatin [[March 22 Class Notes]])

== I ==
*'''Imbued''': to permeate or influence as if by dyeing (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])
*'''Inventio''': the system or method used for the discovery of arguments in Western rhetoric (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Intentional Fallacy''': William K. Wimsatt and Monroe Beardsley asserted that the author's words, not his intent, should be studied. Richards argued that since an authors mind can never be known, we can only examine her words (Richards [[February 1 Class Notes]])
*'''Interpretant''': how you perceive the representamen (Peirce [[January 25 Class Notes]])
*'''Inter-Textual Variations''': On the inter-textual level, text is structured through alphanumeric cues (headings, numbers), spatial cues (horizontal and vertical distribution of text on a page) and graphic cues (bullets, arrows, lines on tables) (see [https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/alred/www/pdf/kostelnick-rhetoricoftext.pdf Rhetoric of Text]).
*'''Intra-Textual Variations''': local changes in typography, such as boldfacing, upper case, italics, etc (see [https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/alred/www/pdf/kostelnick-rhetoricoftext.pdf Rhetoric of Text]).
*'''Inventio''': the system or method used for the discovery of arguments in Western rhetoric (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Isomorphous''': being of identical or similar form, shape, or structure (see [["Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences" by Mikhail Bakhtin]])
*'''Instrumental value judgment''': judgments that use values as a means to alread accepted ends, or as obstacles to their attainment (see [["The New Rhetoric" by Chaim Perelman]])
*'''Intuitionism''': theory that primary truths and principles (esp. those of ethics and metaphysics) are known directly by intuition(see [["The New Rhetoric" by Chaim Perelman]])
*'''Iteration:''' The repetition of a process or utterance. (Weaver [[February 15 Class Notes]])

== J ==

== K ==

*'''Krisis''': point of judgment, moment of decision (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])

== L ==

*'''Lexia''': Parts of a text that are separated from the meaning of the work as a whole to show the multiplicity of meaning and references.
*'''Logology''': study of language and symbols (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Logos''': the appeal to reason. Logical appeals attempt to persuade the audience using intellect. Most academic arguments rely mainly on logos. (Persuasive appeals: [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]]
*'''Logical empiricism''': school of philosophy that combines empiricism - the idea that observational evidence is indispensable for knowledge of the world - with a version of rationalism incorporating mathematical and logico-linguistic constructs ( See "The New Rhetoric" by Chaim Perelman)

== M ==

*'''Modal Qualifiers''':

== N ==
*'''Natura naturans''': nature doing what nature does (see [["Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences" by Mikhail Bakhtin]])
*'''Natura naurata''': nature already created (see [["Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences" by Mikhail Bakhtin]])
*'''New Criticism''': Richards' ideas helped establish this movement, which viewed texts as completely autonomous (Richards [[February 1 Class Notes]])
*'''New Rhetoric''': theory of argumentation (Perelman [[February 10 Class Notes]])
*'''Node''': Any object which is linked to another object (Slatin [[March 22 Class Notes]])

== O ==

*'''Object''': the action you take (Peirce [[January 25 Class Notes]])
*'''Organon''': an instrument for acquiring knowledge; specifically: a body of principles of scientific or philosophic investigation (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Orthographic''': projection of a single view of an object (as a view of the front) onto a drawing surface in which the lines of projection are perpendicular to the drawing surface (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])

== P ==
*'''Parlance''': a particular way of speaking or using words, especially a way common to those with a particular job or interest. (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Paradeigma''': use of example or evidence to prove a point (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Pathos''': the appeal to emotion. When people accept a claim based on how it makes them feels=, they are acting on pathos. A majority of advertisements and arguments in the popular press rely heavily on pathetic appeals. Although the pathetic appeal can be manipulative, it is the cornerstone of moving people to action. (Persuasive appeals: [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]]
*'''Pejorative''': a word or phrase that has negative connotations or that is intended to disparage or belittle: a pejorative word or phrase (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Perennial''': continuing without interruption. (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Phonemes''': any of the abstract units of the phonetic system of a language that correspond to a set of similar speech sounds (as the velar \k\ of cool and the palatal \k\ of keel) which are perceived to be a single distinctive sound in the language (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])
*'''Pisteis''': proofs, persuasive appeals (logos, ethos, pathos); artistic (logical, logos, nonlogical, ethos and pathos) and inartistic (tangible evidence) proofs (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Poeis''': fine arts (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Polyglossia''': the hybrid nature of language (see [[Mikhail Bakhtin]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Bakhtin#The_Dialogic_Imagination:_Chronotope.2C_Heteroglossia The Dialogic Imagination]
*'''Positivist empiricism''': emphasizes role of experience and evidence especially sensory perception (see [["The New Rhetoric" by Chaim Perelman]])
*'''Priori''': relating to or derived by reasoning from self-evident propositions (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])
*'''Promulgation''': to make known by open declaration; publish; proclaim formally or put into operation (a law, decree of a court, etc.). (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Proofs''': Justification, reasoning, argumentation. (Perelman [[February 10 Class Notes]])

== Q ==

== R ==

*'''Rationalism''': truth is not sensory, but intellectual and deductive. You only know thought through deductive reasoning. (Perelman [[February 10 Class Notes]])
*'''Rationalistic idealism''': criterion of truth is not sensory but intelluctual and deductive (see [["The New Rhetoric" by Chaim Perelman]])
*'''Rediscovers''': the effects of analogy or isomorphism with current forms of knowledge that allow the perception of forgotten or obscured figures (see[["What is an Author?" by Michel Foucault]])
*'''Representame'''n: what something represents to you personally (creates in the mind of that person an equivalent sign, or perhaps a more developed sign) (Peirce [[January 25 Class Notes]])
* Rhetoric: (see [[Definitions of Rhetoric]])

== S ==
*'''Semantic''': of or relating to meaning in language (see [["Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences" by Mikhail Bakhtin]])
*'''Semiology''': the study of signs (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])
*'''Signified''': concept in the mind (not a thing but the notion of a thing) (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])
*'''Signifier''': the material (or physical form) of the sign (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])
*'''Spatiotemporal:''' Belonging to both space and time or to space-time. (Weaver [[February 15 Class Notes]])
*'''Syllogism''': logical/deductive, conclusion resting on 2 premises (major, minor, conclusion) (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Supra-Textual Structuring''': affects the document globally, with section titles, page headers, tabs, page size, orientation, the placement of extra-textual elements (e.g. data display and pictures), icons, page color, and various line, textures, and marks. Supra-textual cues create visual coherence among units in a document (see [https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/alred/www/pdf/kostelnick-rhetoricoftext.pdf Rhetoric of Text])
*'''Synchronic''': concerned with events existing in a limited time period and ignoring historical antecedents (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])
*'''Suasory:''' Tending to persuade. (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Subjectivism''': doctrine that knowledge is merely subjective and that there is no external or objective truth (see [["The New Rhetoric" by Chaim Perelman]])
*'''Subverter''': to pervert or corrupt by an undermining of morals, allegiance, or faith. (Weaver [[February 15 Class Notes]])

== T ==

*'''Tautologies''': a phrase or expression in which the same thing is said twice in different words; a statement that is true by necessity or by virtue of its logical form(see [["The New Rhetoric" by Chaim Perelman]])
*'''Techne''': art, craft (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Telos''': an ultimate end. (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Trivium''': An introductory curriculum at a medieval university involving the study of grammar, rhetoric, and logic. (Bryant [[February 3 Class Notes]])
*'''Tropism''': growth toward or away from external stimulus (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])

== U ==

== V ==

== W ==
*Warrant:

== X ==

== Y ==

== Z ==

Glossary

2012-02-16T14:54:46Z

RyanMitchell: /* L */

This page is dedicated to key terms from the readings.

== A ==

*'''Aesthetics''': study of the mind and emotions in relation to the sense of beauty (see [["The New Rhetoric" by Chaim Perelman]])
*'''Adumbration:''' prefiguration: the act of providing vague advance indications; representing beforehand. (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Affective Fallacy''': Wimsatt and Berdsley claimed that evaluating literature by the way it affects the reader is uselessly subjective. Again, literature should be evaluated through its use of language, not outside factors (see [["How to Read a Page" by I. A. Richards]])
*'''Agitator:''' A person who urges others to protest or rebel. (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Aleatoric''': according to chance (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Ambiguity''': Richards showed how under-examined ambiguities can lead to misinterpretation of an entire work (see [["How to Read a Page" by I. A. Richards]])
*'''Ancillary:''' Providing necessary support to the primary activities or operation of an organization, institution, industry, or system. (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Animism''': according to Aristotle, all objects have souls (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Antistrophos''': counterpart, companion (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Antithetical''': being in direct and unequivocal opposition (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])
*'''Antilogies''': contradiction in terms or ideas (see [["The New Rhetoric" by Chaim Perelman]])
*'''Aphorism''': a pithy observation that contains a general truth(see [["What is an Author?" by Michel Foucault]])
*'''Apodictic philosophy''': something demonstrated therefore true (see [["The New Rhetoric" by Chaim Perelman]])
*'''Axiological:''' of or relating to the study of values. (Weaver [[February 15 Class Notes]])
*'''Axiom''': self-evident truths that require no proof (see [["The New Rhetoric" by Chaim Perelman]])

== B ==
*'''Backing''': According to Stephen Toulmin, backing is "other assurances, without which the warrants themselves would posses neither authority nor currency" (The Layout of Arguments 113).
*'''Bricolage''': (in art or literature) construction or creation from a diverse range of available things (see [[April 5 Class Notes]])

== C ==

*'''Canonical''': accepted as being accurate and authoritative (see[["What is an Author?" by Michel Foucault]])
*'''Categorical imperative''': an unconditional moral obligation that is binding in all circumstances and is not dependent on a person's inclination or purpose (see [["The New Rhetoric" by Chaim Perelman]])
*'''Chariot allegory''': Socrates compares the soul to chariot horses and their rider. He believes the soul (chariot rider) is immortal and consists of one good horse and one bad horse. The soul is in constant struggle balancing and choosing between the two horses. Through the good soul only, the chariot can make it to eternity or heaven. (Weaver [[February 15 Class Notes]])
*'''Classical Rhetori'''c: theory of persuasive discourse (Perelman [[February 10 Class Notes]])
*'''Close Reading''': Richards shifted the focus from general analysis to a meticulous, word-level method of interpretation, which has greatly influenced modern criticism. (Richards [[February 1 Class Notes]])
*'''Compendia''': a brief summary of a larger work or of a field of knowledge; a list of number items (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Continuum:''' A continuous sequence in which adjacent elements are not perceptibly different from each other, although the extremes are quite distinct. (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])

== D ==

*'''Datum''':
*'''Death of the Author''': Roland Barthe's essay argues that the author must be disentangled from the text (Richards [[February 1 Class Notes]])
*'''Deictic''': denoting a word or expression whose meaning is dependent on the context in which it is used (see [["What Is an Author?" Michel Foucault]])
*'''Derided:''' Express contempt for; ridicule. (Weaver [[February 15 Class Notes]])
*'''Dialectic''': two-sided dialogue, formal argumentation system, conversation (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Doxa''': social knowledge (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Dialectical reasoning''': moving back and forth between contrary lines of reasoning examing both arguments (see [["The New Rhetoric" by Chaim Perelman]])
*'''Diachronic''': of, relating to, or dealing with phenomena (as of language or culture) as they occur or change over a period of time (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])
*'''Disparagement:''' a communication that belittles somebody or something. (Weaver [[February 15 Class Notes]])
*'''Dispositio''': the system used for the organization of arguments in Western classical rhetoric (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])

== E ==
*'''Ecriture''': the French word for ‘writing’. where it appears in this form in English texts, it refers to one or more specific senses used by modern French theorists.. "What Is an Author?"] by [[Michel Foucault]])
*'''Elocutio''': is the term for the mastery of stylistic elements in Western classical rhetoric and comes from the Latin loqui, "to speak". (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Emthymeme''': uses audience's assumptions, only use 1 premise (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Entelechy''': the actualization of form-giving cause as contrasted with potential existence. (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Episteme''': core, truths of the earth knowledge (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Esperanto''': an artificial international language based as far as possible on words common to the chief European languages (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])
*'''Ethos''': The persuasive appeal of one's character, especially how this character is established by means of speech or discourse. Ethotic appeals rely on the trustworthiness of the speaker or writer. Ethos is an effective appeal because when the audience believes that the speaker does not intend to do them harm, they are more likely to trust what is being said. (Persuasive appeals: see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]]
*'''Etymologically''' (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Existentialism''': a philosophical theory or approach that emphasizes the existence of the individual person as a free and responsible agent determining their own development through acts of the will (see [["The New Rhetoric" by Chaim Perelman]])
*''Exegesis'': manifesting behavior that is habitual, maladaptive, and compulsive (see [["What Is an Author?" Michel Foucault]])
*'''Exordium''': the beginning or introductory part, esp. of a discourse or treatise(see [["The New Rhetoric" by Chaim Perelman]])
*'''Extrinsic:''' Not part of the essential nature of someone or something; coming or operating from outside. (Weaver [[February 15 Class Notes]])

== F ==
*'''Fallacious:''' containing or based on a fallacy; "fallacious reasoning"; "an unsound argument". (Weaver [[February 15 Class Notes]])
*'''Forensic speaking''': is a form of speech that either attacks or defends somebody (see [["The New Rhetoric" by Chaim Perelman]])

== G ==

== H ==

*'''Heteroglossia''': the qualities of a language (such as ideology, perspective, etc.) that are extralinguistic, but common to all languages (see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Bakhtin#The_Dialogic_Imagination:_Chronotope.2C_Heteroglossia The Dialogic Imagination])
*'''Homonymy''': the relation between two words that are spelled the same way but differ in meaning or the relation between two words that are pronounced the same way but differ in meaning (see [["What Is an Author?" Michel Foucault]])
*'''Hypertext''': Ted Nelson, who coined the term hypertext, defines it as non-sequential writing. "This means writing in which the logical connections between elements are primarily associative rather than syllogistic, as in conventional text" (Slatin 171). (Slatin [[March 22 Class Notes]])

== I ==
*'''Imbued''': to permeate or influence as if by dyeing (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])
*'''Inventio''': the system or method used for the discovery of arguments in Western rhetoric (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Intentional Fallacy''': William K. Wimsatt and Monroe Beardsley asserted that the author's words, not his intent, should be studied. Richards argued that since an authors mind can never be known, we can only examine her words (Richards [[February 1 Class Notes]])
*'''Interpretant''': how you perceive the representamen (Peirce [[January 25 Class Notes]])
*'''Inter-Textual Variations''': On the inter-textual level, text is structured through alphanumeric cues (headings, numbers), spatial cues (horizontal and vertical distribution of text on a page) and graphic cues (bullets, arrows, lines on tables) (see [https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/alred/www/pdf/kostelnick-rhetoricoftext.pdf Rhetoric of Text]).
*'''Intra-Textual Variations''': local changes in typography, such as boldfacing, upper case, italics, etc (see [https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/alred/www/pdf/kostelnick-rhetoricoftext.pdf Rhetoric of Text]).
*'''Inventio''': the system or method used for the discovery of arguments in Western rhetoric (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Isomorphous''': being of identical or similar form, shape, or structure (see [["Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences" by Mikhail Bakhtin]])
*'''Instrumental value judgment''': judgments that use values as a means to alread accepted ends, or as obstacles to their attainment (see [["The New Rhetoric" by Chaim Perelman]])
*'''Intuitionism''': theory that primary truths and principles (esp. those of ethics and metaphysics) are known directly by intuition(see [["The New Rhetoric" by Chaim Perelman]])
*'''Iteration:''' The repetition of a process or utterance. (Weaver [[February 15 Class Notes]])

== J ==

== K ==

*'''Krisis''': point of judgment, moment of decision (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])

== L ==

*'''Lexia''': A process of analysis where a text is broken into parts of interpretation. Each part is then analyzed apart from the whole work in order to gain a more complex understanding of a work and its sociocultural references.
*'''Logology''': study of language and symbols (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Logos''': the appeal to reason. Logical appeals attempt to persuade the audience using intellect. Most academic arguments rely mainly on logos. (Persuasive appeals: [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]]
*'''Logical empiricism''': school of philosophy that combines empiricism - the idea that observational evidence is indispensable for knowledge of the world - with a version of rationalism incorporating mathematical and logico-linguistic constructs ( See "The New Rhetoric" by Chaim Perelman)

== M ==

*'''Modal Qualifiers''':

== N ==
*'''Natura naturans''': nature doing what nature does (see [["Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences" by Mikhail Bakhtin]])
*'''Natura naurata''': nature already created (see [["Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences" by Mikhail Bakhtin]])
*'''New Criticism''': Richards' ideas helped establish this movement, which viewed texts as completely autonomous (Richards [[February 1 Class Notes]])
*'''New Rhetoric''': theory of argumentation (Perelman [[February 10 Class Notes]])
*'''Node''': Any object which is linked to another object (Slatin [[March 22 Class Notes]])

== O ==

*'''Object''': the action you take (Peirce [[January 25 Class Notes]])
*'''Organon''': an instrument for acquiring knowledge; specifically: a body of principles of scientific or philosophic investigation (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Orthographic''': projection of a single view of an object (as a view of the front) onto a drawing surface in which the lines of projection are perpendicular to the drawing surface (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])

== P ==
*'''Parlance''': a particular way of speaking or using words, especially a way common to those with a particular job or interest. (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Paradeigma''': use of example or evidence to prove a point (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Pathos''': the appeal to emotion. When people accept a claim based on how it makes them feels=, they are acting on pathos. A majority of advertisements and arguments in the popular press rely heavily on pathetic appeals. Although the pathetic appeal can be manipulative, it is the cornerstone of moving people to action. (Persuasive appeals: [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]]
*'''Pejorative''': a word or phrase that has negative connotations or that is intended to disparage or belittle: a pejorative word or phrase (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Perennial''': continuing without interruption. (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Phonemes''': any of the abstract units of the phonetic system of a language that correspond to a set of similar speech sounds (as the velar \k\ of cool and the palatal \k\ of keel) which are perceived to be a single distinctive sound in the language (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])
*'''Pisteis''': proofs, persuasive appeals (logos, ethos, pathos); artistic (logical, logos, nonlogical, ethos and pathos) and inartistic (tangible evidence) proofs (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Poeis''': fine arts (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Polyglossia''': the hybrid nature of language (see [[Mikhail Bakhtin]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Bakhtin#The_Dialogic_Imagination:_Chronotope.2C_Heteroglossia The Dialogic Imagination]
*'''Positivist empiricism''': emphasizes role of experience and evidence especially sensory perception (see [["The New Rhetoric" by Chaim Perelman]])
*'''Priori''': relating to or derived by reasoning from self-evident propositions (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])
*'''Promulgation''': to make known by open declaration; publish; proclaim formally or put into operation (a law, decree of a court, etc.). (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Proofs''': Justification, reasoning, argumentation. (Perelman [[February 10 Class Notes]])

== Q ==

== R ==

*'''Rationalism''': truth is not sensory, but intellectual and deductive. You only know thought through deductive reasoning. (Perelman [[February 10 Class Notes]])
*'''Rationalistic idealism''': criterion of truth is not sensory but intelluctual and deductive (see [["The New Rhetoric" by Chaim Perelman]])
*'''Rediscovers''': the effects of analogy or isomorphism with current forms of knowledge that allow the perception of forgotten or obscured figures (see[["What is an Author?" by Michel Foucault]])
*'''Representame'''n: what something represents to you personally (creates in the mind of that person an equivalent sign, or perhaps a more developed sign) (Peirce [[January 25 Class Notes]])
* Rhetoric: (see [[Definitions of Rhetoric]])

== S ==
*'''Semantic''': of or relating to meaning in language (see [["Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences" by Mikhail Bakhtin]])
*'''Semiology''': the study of signs (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])
*'''Signified''': concept in the mind (not a thing but the notion of a thing) (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])
*'''Signifier''': the material (or physical form) of the sign (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])
*'''Spatiotemporal:''' Belonging to both space and time or to space-time. (Weaver [[February 15 Class Notes]])
*'''Syllogism''': logical/deductive, conclusion resting on 2 premises (major, minor, conclusion) (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Supra-Textual Structuring''': affects the document globally, with section titles, page headers, tabs, page size, orientation, the placement of extra-textual elements (e.g. data display and pictures), icons, page color, and various line, textures, and marks. Supra-textual cues create visual coherence among units in a document (see [https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/alred/www/pdf/kostelnick-rhetoricoftext.pdf Rhetoric of Text])
*'''Synchronic''': concerned with events existing in a limited time period and ignoring historical antecedents (see [["Nature of the Linguistic Sign" by Ferdinand de Saussure]])
*'''Suasory:''' Tending to persuade. (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Subjectivism''': doctrine that knowledge is merely subjective and that there is no external or objective truth (see [["The New Rhetoric" by Chaim Perelman]])
*'''Subverter''': to pervert or corrupt by an undermining of morals, allegiance, or faith. (Weaver [[February 15 Class Notes]])

== T ==

*'''Tautologies''': a phrase or expression in which the same thing is said twice in different words; a statement that is true by necessity or by virtue of its logical form(see [["The New Rhetoric" by Chaim Perelman]])
*'''Techne''': art, craft (see [["On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric" by Andrea A. Lunsford and Lisa S. Ede]])
*'''Telos''': an ultimate end. (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])
*'''Trivium''': An introductory curriculum at a medieval university involving the study of grammar, rhetoric, and logic. (Bryant [[February 3 Class Notes]])
*'''Tropism''': growth toward or away from external stimulus (Burke [[January 27 Class Notes]])

== U ==

== V ==

== W ==
*Warrant:

== X ==

== Y ==

== Z ==

RhetorClick - User contributions [en]

User:RyanMitchell

Book List

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User:RyanMitchell

Ehninger, Douglas "On Systems of Rhetoric"

Downs, Douglas and Elizabeth Wardle “Teaching About Writing, Righting Misconceptions: (Re)Envisioning 'First Year Composition' as 'Introduction to Writing Studies'”

User:RyanMitchell

User:RyanMitchell

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Directory

Theories and Movements

Barthes, Roland "Death of the Author"

Glossary

Glossary