RhetorClick - User contributions [en]

Contribution to Wiki, Spring 2012

2012-04-14T02:45:07Z

Sam Jackson:

Please list your name and tentative ideas for wiki contributions:

'''Ryan'''- style guide, graduate resources 
'''Jennifer'''- style guide, content 
'''Nicole'''- alphabetized [[Theories and Movements]] page, Feminist Criticism authors Condit and Japp, article summaries for Sidler and Hea, 4 added [[Glossary]] definitions. 
'''Noah'''- created [[Authors]] page for [[Cheryl E. Ball]], created an [[Article Summaries]] page: ([[Ball, Cheryl et al., "Integrating Multimodality in Composition Curricula: Survey Methodology and Results from a CCCC Research Grant"]]), made copy edits throughout, made layout adjustments for continuity throughout. 
'''Amber'''- created [[Authors]] pages for [[Walter Fisher]] and [[Patricia Bizzell]], added a commentary to the article summary section of [[Jim W. Corder]], added terms to [[Glossary]], and made copy edits and tried to maintain continuity where it was off. 
'''Gretchen'''- added biography, article summary, additional reading, and footnote references for [[Stuart Blythe]]; added 14 terms (comprehensive sampling, convenience sampling, criterion sampling, data coding, evidentials, latent content, manifest content, method, methodology, nonverbal units, random sampling, rhetorical units, t-units, and verbal units) to [[Glossary]] 
'''Bailey'''- created Authors pages for [http://rhetorclick.com/wiki/Susan_Delagrange Susan Delagrange] and [http://rhetorclick.com/wiki/Henry_Jenkins Henry Jenkins], created Article Summaries pages for Delagrange, Susan [http://rhetorclick.com/wiki/Delagrange,_Susan_%22When_Reflection_is_Re-Design:_Key_Questions_for_Digital_Scholarship%22 "When Reflection is Re-Design: Key Questions for Digital Scholarship"]and Jenkins, Henry [http://rhetorclick.com/wiki/Jenkins,_Henry_%22Eight_Traits_of_the_New_Media_Landscape%22 "Eight Traits of the New Media Landscape"] 
'''Kelsey'''- Created [[Authors]] page for [[Ian Bogost]], [[Article Summaries]] pages for [[Voorhees, Gerald. “The Character of Difference: Procedurality, Rhetoric, and Roleplaying Games” ]] and [[Taylor, Laurie. "“When Seams Fall Apart: Video Game Space and the Player."]] 
'''Callie''' - Created [[Chaim Perelman]] Author Page 
'''Sam Jackson''' created [[The Rhetoric of Political Cartoons]] and wrote a summary for the article [[Bitzer, Lloyd "The Rhetorical Situation]].

Contribution to Wiki, Spring 2012

2012-04-14T02:44:19Z

Sam Jackson:

Please list your name and tentative ideas for wiki contributions:

'''Ryan'''- style guide, graduate resources 
'''Jennifer'''- style guide, content 
'''Nicole'''- alphabetized [[Theories and Movements]] page, Feminist Criticism authors Condit and Japp, article summaries for Sidler and Hea, 4 added [[Glossary]] definitions. 
'''Noah'''- created [[Authors]] page for [[Cheryl E. Ball]], created an [[Article Summaries]] page: ([[Ball, Cheryl et al., "Integrating Multimodality in Composition Curricula: Survey Methodology and Results from a CCCC Research Grant"]]), made copy edits throughout, made layout adjustments for continuity throughout. 
'''Amber'''- created [[Authors]] pages for [[Walter Fisher]] and [[Patricia Bizzell]], added a commentary to the article summary section of [[Jim W. Corder]], added terms to [[Glossary]], and made copy edits and tried to maintain continuity where it was off. 
'''Gretchen'''- added biography, article summary, additional reading, and footnote references for [[Stuart Blythe]]; added 14 terms (comprehensive sampling, convenience sampling, criterion sampling, data coding, evidentials, latent content, manifest content, method, methodology, nonverbal units, random sampling, rhetorical units, t-units, and verbal units) to [[Glossary]] 
'''Bailey'''- created Authors pages for [http://rhetorclick.com/wiki/Susan_Delagrange Susan Delagrange] and [http://rhetorclick.com/wiki/Henry_Jenkins Henry Jenkins], created Article Summaries pages for Delagrange, Susan [http://rhetorclick.com/wiki/Delagrange,_Susan_%22When_Reflection_is_Re-Design:_Key_Questions_for_Digital_Scholarship%22 "When Reflection is Re-Design: Key Questions for Digital Scholarship"]and Jenkins, Henry [http://rhetorclick.com/wiki/Jenkins,_Henry_%22Eight_Traits_of_the_New_Media_Landscape%22 "Eight Traits of the New Media Landscape"] 
'''Kelsey'''- Created [[Authors]] page for [[Ian Bogost]], [[Article Summaries]] pages for [[Voorhees, Gerald. “The Character of Difference: Procedurality, Rhetoric, and Roleplaying Games” ]] and [[Taylor, Laurie. "“When Seams Fall Apart: Video Game Space and the Player."]] 
'''Callie''' - Created [[Chaim Perelman]] Author Page.
'''Sam Jackson''' created [[The Rhetoric of Political Cartoons]] and wrote a summary for the article [[Bitzer, Lloyd "The Rhetorical Situation]].

Contribution to Wiki, Spring 2012

2012-04-14T02:42:54Z

Sam Jackson:

Please list your name and tentative ideas for wiki contributions:

'''Ryan'''- style guide, graduate resources 
'''Jennifer'''- style guide, content 
'''Nicole'''- alphabetized [[Theories and Movements]] page, Feminist Criticism authors Condit and Japp, article summaries for Sidler and Hea, 4 added [[Glossary]] definitions. 
'''Noah'''- created [[Authors]] page for [[Cheryl E. Ball]], created an [[Article Summaries]] page: ([[Ball, Cheryl et al., "Integrating Multimodality in Composition Curricula: Survey Methodology and Results from a CCCC Research Grant"]]), made copy edits throughout, made layout adjustments for continuity throughout. 
'''Amber'''- created [[Authors]] pages for [[Walter Fisher]] and [[Patricia Bizzell]], added a commentary to the article summary section of [[Jim W. Corder]], added terms to [[Glossary]], and made copy edits and tried to maintain continuity where it was off. 
'''Gretchen'''- added biography, article summary, additional reading, and footnote references for [[Stuart Blythe]]; added 14 terms (comprehensive sampling, convenience sampling, criterion sampling, data coding, evidentials, latent content, manifest content, method, methodology, nonverbal units, random sampling, rhetorical units, t-units, and verbal units) to [[Glossary]] 
'''Bailey'''- created Authors pages for [http://rhetorclick.com/wiki/Susan_Delagrange Susan Delagrange] and [http://rhetorclick.com/wiki/Henry_Jenkins Henry Jenkins], created Article Summaries pages for Delagrange, Susan [http://rhetorclick.com/wiki/Delagrange,_Susan_%22When_Reflection_is_Re-Design:_Key_Questions_for_Digital_Scholarship%22 "When Reflection is Re-Design: Key Questions for Digital Scholarship"]and Jenkins, Henry [http://rhetorclick.com/wiki/Jenkins,_Henry_%22Eight_Traits_of_the_New_Media_Landscape%22 "Eight Traits of the New Media Landscape"] 
'''Kelsey'''- Created [[Authors]] page for [[Ian Bogost]], [[Article Summaries]] pages for [[Voorhees, Gerald. “The Character of Difference: Procedurality, Rhetoric, and Roleplaying Games” ]] and [[Taylor, Laurie. "“When Seams Fall Apart: Video Game Space and the Player."]] 
'''Callie''' - Created [[Chaim Perelman]] Author Page.

'''Sam Jackson''' created [[The Rhetoric of Political Cartoons]] and wrote a summary for the article [[Talk:Bitzer, Lloyd "The Rhetorical Situation]].

Contribution to Wiki, Spring 2012

2012-04-14T02:41:14Z

Sam Jackson:

Please list your name and tentative ideas for wiki contributions:

'''Ryan'''- style guide, graduate resources 
'''Jennifer'''- style guide, content 
'''Nicole'''- alphabetized [[Theories and Movements]] page, Feminist Criticism authors Condit and Japp, article summaries for Sidler and Hea, 4 added [[Glossary]] definitions. 
'''Noah'''- created [[Authors]] page for [[Cheryl E. Ball]], created an [[Article Summaries]] page: ([[Ball, Cheryl et al., "Integrating Multimodality in Composition Curricula: Survey Methodology and Results from a CCCC Research Grant"]]), made copy edits throughout, made layout adjustments for continuity throughout. 
'''Amber'''- created [[Authors]] pages for [[Walter Fisher]] and [[Patricia Bizzell]], added a commentary to the article summary section of [[Jim W. Corder]], added terms to [[Glossary]], and made copy edits and tried to maintain continuity where it was off. 
'''Gretchen'''- added biography, article summary, additional reading, and footnote references for [[Stuart Blythe]]; added 14 terms (comprehensive sampling, convenience sampling, criterion sampling, data coding, evidentials, latent content, manifest content, method, methodology, nonverbal units, random sampling, rhetorical units, t-units, and verbal units) to [[Glossary]] 
'''Bailey'''- created Authors pages for [http://rhetorclick.com/wiki/Susan_Delagrange Susan Delagrange] and [http://rhetorclick.com/wiki/Henry_Jenkins Henry Jenkins], created Article Summaries pages for Delagrange, Susan [http://rhetorclick.com/wiki/Delagrange,_Susan_%22When_Reflection_is_Re-Design:_Key_Questions_for_Digital_Scholarship%22 "When Reflection is Re-Design: Key Questions for Digital Scholarship"]and Jenkins, Henry [http://rhetorclick.com/wiki/Jenkins,_Henry_%22Eight_Traits_of_the_New_Media_Landscape%22 "Eight Traits of the New Media Landscape"] 
'''Kelsey'''- Created [[Authors]] page for [[Ian Bogost]], [[Article Summaries]] pages for [[Voorhees, Gerald. “The Character of Difference: Procedurality, Rhetoric, and Roleplaying Games” ]] and [[Taylor, Laurie. "“When Seams Fall Apart: Video Game Space and the Player."]] 
'''Callie''' - Created [[Chaim Perelman]] Author Page.

'''Sam Jackson''' created [[The Rhetoric of Political Cartoons]] and wrote a summary for the article [[Bitzer, Lloyd "The Rhetorical Situation]].

Contribution to Wiki, Spring 2012

2012-04-14T02:40:56Z

Sam Jackson:

Please list your name and tentative ideas for wiki contributions:

'''Ryan'''- style guide, graduate resources 
'''Jennifer'''- style guide, content 
'''Nicole'''- alphabetized [[Theories and Movements]] page, Feminist Criticism authors Condit and Japp, article summaries for Sidler and Hea, 4 added [[Glossary]] definitions. 
'''Noah'''- created [[Authors]] page for [[Cheryl E. Ball]], created an [[Article Summaries]] page: ([[Ball, Cheryl et al., "Integrating Multimodality in Composition Curricula: Survey Methodology and Results from a CCCC Research Grant"]]), made copy edits throughout, made layout adjustments for continuity throughout. 
'''Amber'''- created [[Authors]] pages for [[Walter Fisher]] and [[Patricia Bizzell]], added a commentary to the article summary section of [[Jim W. Corder]], added terms to [[Glossary]], and made copy edits and tried to maintain continuity where it was off. 
'''Gretchen'''- added biography, article summary, additional reading, and footnote references for [[Stuart Blythe]]; added 14 terms (comprehensive sampling, convenience sampling, criterion sampling, data coding, evidentials, latent content, manifest content, method, methodology, nonverbal units, random sampling, rhetorical units, t-units, and verbal units) to [[Glossary]] 
'''Bailey'''- created Authors pages for [http://rhetorclick.com/wiki/Susan_Delagrange Susan Delagrange] and [http://rhetorclick.com/wiki/Henry_Jenkins Henry Jenkins], created Article Summaries pages for Delagrange, Susan [http://rhetorclick.com/wiki/Delagrange,_Susan_%22When_Reflection_is_Re-Design:_Key_Questions_for_Digital_Scholarship%22 "When Reflection is Re-Design: Key Questions for Digital Scholarship"]and Jenkins, Henry [http://rhetorclick.com/wiki/Jenkins,_Henry_%22Eight_Traits_of_the_New_Media_Landscape%22 "Eight Traits of the New Media Landscape"] 
'''Kelsey'''- Created [[Authors]] page for [[Ian Bogost]], [[Article Summaries]] pages for [[Voorhees, Gerald. “The Character of Difference: Procedurality, Rhetoric, and Roleplaying Games” ]] and [[Taylor, Laurie. "“When Seams Fall Apart: Video Game Space and the Player."]] 
'''Callie''' - Created [[Chaim Perelman]] Author Page.
'''Sam Jackson''' created [[The Rhetoric of Political Cartoons]] and wrote a summary for the article [[Bitzer, Lloyd "The Rhetorical Situation]].

Talk:Contribution to Wiki, Spring 2012

2012-04-14T02:38:55Z

Sam Jackson: Created page with "'''Sam Jackson'''- created page for The Rhetoric of Political Cartoons and wrote summary for the article by Lloyd F. Bitzer, "The Rhetorical Situation.""

'''Sam Jackson'''- created page for The Rhetoric of Political Cartoons and wrote summary for the article by Lloyd F. Bitzer, "The Rhetorical Situation."

Talk:Bitzer, Lloyd "The Rhetorical Situation"

2012-04-14T02:34:37Z

Sam Jackson: Created page with "In his well-known and well-studied article, "The Rhetorical Situation," Lloyd F. Bitzer defines the rhetorical situation and examines the origins and purpose of rhetorical disco..."

In his well-known and well-studied article, "The Rhetorical Situation," Lloyd F. Bitzer defines the rhetorical situation and examines the origins and purpose of rhetorical discourse. Bitzer begins his examination by highlighting some situations that are responsible for producing words that "suggest the presence of events, persons, or objects." He then makes the assertion that "rhetorical is situational." However, Bitzer reminds his readers that the word situation is not often associated with rhetorical theory and therefore the term "rhetorical situation" is cause for much confusion and controversy in the field. Nevertheless, Bitzer argues that the purpose of rhetoric is to "effect change," and subsequently there must be some sort of situation that brings the rhetoric into existence, for if rhetorical discourse is to change something, there must have first been something to change.

Bitzer offers a concise definition of a rhetorical situation as "a natural context of persons, events, objects, relations, and an exigence that invites utterance." From the primitive utterances of the Trobriand Island fishermen to the eloquence of the Gettysburg Address, Bitzer;s argument asserts that an exigence has brought about the rhetoric. Bitzer continues with a list of the implications that come with the statement that rhetoric is situational. He argues that (1) rhetorical discourse must be in response to a situation, (2) the situation lends rhetorical significance to speech, (3) the situation must be a condition of the discourse, (4) many rhetorical situations exist without leading to discourse, (5) a rhetorical situation requires discourse capable of altering the situation, (6) rhetorical discourse must seek to instigate change in a situation, and (7) the situation must control the response.

Bitzer's formal definition of the rhetorical situation: a complex of persons, events, objects, and relations presenting an actual or potential exigence which can be completely or partially removed if discourse, introduced into the situation, can so constrain human decision or action as to bring about the significant modification of the exigence.

Elements of a rhetorical situation: exigence, audience, and constraints.

An exigence, as defined by Bitzer, is an "imperfection marked by urgency." The exigence must be something that is changeable, something that the rhetorical discourse can persuade the audience to alter. As for the audience, this is the most self-explanatory element of Bitzer's rhetorical situation. The audience is composed of those who are meant to receive the discourse, to act and to bring about the change that the rhetoric calls for. The constraints are all the elements of a situation that "have the power to constrain decision and action needed to modify the exigence."

Further reading-

http://www.cwrl.utexas.edu/~davis/crs/E398t/Bitzer--Rhetorical%20Situation.pdf

Opposition-

Richard E. Vatz

The Rhetoric of Political Cartoons

2012-04-14T01:37:34Z

Sam Jackson: Created page with "Let us begin this examination of the rhetoric of political cartoons with a brief history of their application and use in America. The first political cartoon in America is almost..."

Let us begin this examination of the rhetoric of political cartoons with a brief history of their application and use in America. The first political cartoon in America is almost unanimously considered to be that created by Benjamin Franklin, calling his fellow citizens of the colonies to "Join, or Die." The cartoon depicts a snake, severed into eight pieces, each piece with the name of a colony. Beneath the snake is the phrase "Join, or Die." The rhetoric here is clear, that should the colonies remain separate, then they should fail in their cause, which, at the time, was to defend the colonies against the French and their Amerindian allies. Becoming popular in the mid 19th century, political cartoons have played an important role in social satire, rising in production and prestige, especially during the 20th century. Today, as in the past several decades, political cartoons have been used both to attack political leaders and to promote them, as well as to address the controversial issues of the day.

The Rhetoric of political cartoons is, as could be expected, a primarily visual rhetoric. One major element of this visual rhetoric is caricature, a style of portrayal in which the artist strives to make the subject of the drawing both recognizable and distorted in a way that fits the artist's motives, usually either to ridicule or to empower, although to ridicule is the more common of the endeavors. Political cartoons rely heavily on humor, looking to the pathos to shift the view of the audience in a direction the artist desires. Logos and ethos are seldom if ever the chief means of persuasion utilized by political cartoons. That is another thing; political cartoons almost always seek to persuade. In that sense, though they are often presented alongside objective journalism, political cartoons are a highly subjective form of rhetoric, almost exclusively picking a side on an issue or about the subject they depict. Political cartoons seem to run the gauntlet between the theories of Lloyd F. Bitzer and Richard E. Vatz, proving in many cases to be a clear cut reaction to a political exigence, while at other times appearing to themselves define the porthole through which an audience views and defines a political atmosphere.

The medium through which political cartoons and their rhetoric have been delivered has thus far been predominantly a printed medium. However, during the past decade, the digital revolution and the rise of the Internet as a source for news media has brought about a rapid decline in the production and distribution of printed newspapers. Numerous political cartoonists have found themselves jobless, as the remaining newspapers find themselves in a less competitive market which makes the inclusion of socially striking images far less necessary. However, the political cartoon remains a beloved and entertaining medium through which social satire is delivered, and as such is finding new avenues for production. Several political cartoonists have, through the past decade, begun to use animation as a means to modernize the political cartoon and make it relevant to an audience that is becoming ever more reliant on digital media. Considering this transformation, we may see the rhetoric of political cartoons expanding beyond visual rhetoric, to become a multimodal form of communication that utilizes both image and the oral/written word to convey the social satires of the future.

Further reading-

http://www.thepunch.com.au/articles/an-animated-discussion-about-political-cartoons/

http://www.apsanet.org/imgtest/PSApr07Margulies.pdf

http://www.apsanet.org/imgtest/PSApr07Danjoux.pdf