RhetorClick - User contributions [en]

User:Susieb

2012-04-19T15:54:07Z

Susieb:

Susie is an English Writing and Rhetoric major at St. Edward's University in Austin, Texas. She worked on this Wiki during her Current Theories of Rhetoric and Composition Class with Dr. Quinn Warnick.

List of Contributions:

Robert L. Scott (Article Summary)
*Substantially expanded summary of article and main ideas, mainly second paragraph
*Some copy editing for style, grammar, and wording in first paragraph of summary which was preexisting
*Created internal links for other authors: Ehninger, Toulmin, and Vatz (made connection to outside reading)
*Added "See Also" and "Further Reading" sections and links
*Linked to Berlin, but Berlin did not have a link under the Authors section, only a page with no link to it, so I added Berlin to Authors page

Theories and Movements Page
*Fixed heading format on Semiotics, Rogerian Rhetoric, and Post-Structuralism sections. Before they were actually links and it was not consistent with the rest of the design/format.
*Added "Cognitive Rhetoric" to movement and added external link
*General Housekeeping: fixed formatting errors, broken links, added internal links, corrected spelling mistakes
*Created Sophism section under movements. I felt this was an important connector for classical and modern rhetoric. I linked several other pages to this section
*Deleted sections that had no information under them to improve page design and coherence
*Added/fixed external links to Wikipedia pages (Rogerian rhetoric, post-structuralism, semiotics)

Lory Hawkes (Author and Article Page)
*Created an Author page for Lory Hawkes
*Created Article summary
*Added relevant links

Weaver (Author Page)
*Added/Filled in Books and Articles section
*Linked to external PDF file of Weaver article
*Added external link to "A Rhetorician's Treasury of Richard M. Weaver"

Weaver (Article Summary)
*Added internal link
*Added See Also and linked to Theories Page and external Wikipedia Page

Berlin Page
*Created link under Authors section
*Added to See Also section, and links to other articles

Glossary
*Added Kairos as term, and added links
*Added links to terms (enthymeme, episteme)
*Added Rhetorical Situation as term and links to authors and pages

Ede, Lisa S. and Andrea A. Lunsford "On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric"
*Fixed and added internal links
*Added to See Also section

General Housekeeping
*Moved "Susan Delagrange" which was in the B section to the D section
*Fixed broken links and typos as I came across them
*Added internal links between authors, articles, glossary, and movements
*Added See Also section/links to Lloyd Bitzer Rhetorical Situation Article Page
*Added external link to Toulmin author page
*Added see also "digital divide" link to Sidler article page

Amy Kimme Hea (Author Page/Article Summary]
*Created Author page for Amy Kimme Hea
*Linked to Article summary & linked article page to author page
*Added biographical, other publications sections, and external/internal links/further reading

Rickly Article Page
*Added content/quote
*added links

User:Susieb

2012-04-17T04:22:44Z

Susieb:

Hea, Amy C. Kimme "Riding The Wave"

2012-04-17T04:19:13Z

Susieb: /* See Also */

== Article Summary ==

'''Two ways technology is defined:'''
 a. the substantive view, where technology is constructed as inevitably good or bad, and technological progress is seen as inherently either helping humankind achieve its potential or enslaving us in a dehumanized culture
 b. the instrumental view, in which technology is neutral; that is, technology is merely a tool unaffected by its own social and historical context (272).
 
Web is a constructed space with a range of ideologies, differences, and politics at play (274). 
 '''Articulation:''' a connection or linking of parts to form a unity (273).
 '''Articulation theory:''' is well-suited to examinations of technology because it addresses a range of cultural concerns manifest in the design, development, production, circulation, and consumption of technologies (274).

== Glossary Terms ==

The following key terms are defined in the [[Glossary]]: articulation, Articulation Theory

== See Also ==
*[[Amy Kimme Hea]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_theory Critical Theory Wikipedia]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_divide Digital Divide]

2012-04-17T03:45:26Z

Susieb:

In “What is an Author,” [http://4341.quinnwarnick.com/wiki/Michel_Foucault Michel Foulcault] works to correct a pivotal aspect he had excluded, and received criticism for, in his previous writings--the role or non-existent role of the author. He limits his discussion to “the singular relationship that holds between an author and a text” while mentioning the themes of writing’s exterior position and the relationship of writing and death. Foucault also brings up the question of, what constitutes the work of an author and what is everything he/she wrote? This has kept us from fully understanding the disappearance of the author. As has the notion of [http://4341.quinnwarnick.com/wiki/Glossary#E ecriture] in which the idea of the signal, human author becomes a “transcendental anonymity” (182). Foucault then discusses the name of an author and its function. He concludes that the name of an author is not a proper name that does not modify despite changes in the characteristic of the named individual, but rather a name that is linked to the discourse of the author. Thus, the author’s name is functional, and its function is to “characterize the existence, circulation, and operation of certain discourses within a society” (184). Having an author as a function and speaking purely of texts with authors, the “author-function” has four features:

*First, “Objects of appropriation”: the author function has to be a set property distinguished as such by some legal governance.
*Second, “Not universal or constant in all discourse”: the author function is not constant in all discourse because, throughout time, the value placed on naming an author has varied for different purposes, e.g., folk inherent truth and cherished wisdom, honed throughout the ages, would be negated with a known writer or author. (in contrast, authors of math have to be stated as they are indicative of time period and context)
*Third, “Not formed spontaneously through the simple attribution of a discourse to an individual”: the author function is not simply formed by relating a text to an individual, just like in the Saussure reading: that there has been no recorded period in which the image and the concept were simply put together. By following Foucault’s criteria for assessing what should be in an author’s “work,” we can sufficiently “recover” the relationship of the “author-function.”
*Fourth, “Arises our of their scission--in the division and distance of the two” (184-188): this is the division and distance of the three egos that an author depicts in his/her writings. The author function does not simply refer to one individual because it has three separate ego’s, that of the goals of the work after it once immediately finished and potentially future questions to apply to the work, the one amidst creating it, and the unique individual who at a time and place succeeded in the work.

After stating the four features of the "author function", he then makes the depiction between scientific writings and those of “initiators of discursive practices” (189). The difference being that these initiators of discursive practices “produced not only their own work, but the possibility and the rules of formation of other texts,” and that they can be returned to as opposed to rediscovered or reactivated. Foucault defines how “the initiators of discourse practices” are exemplified foremost with Marx and Freud because their theories can be built upon. However, the initiation of a discourse is not like scientific or mathematical theory because it is entirely separate from future developments of it; they are separate because they have an intended omission that makes the initiation impossible to return to. We can only return to theorize what the omission actually is, and through this impossibility to truly know what was omitted are the initiators forever discursive. Thus, this omission constantly initiates future discursive practices but the original initiation can never be corrected or fixed because it was an intentional omission that others can only guess upon what it's meaning was for.

== Glossary Terms ==

The following key terms are defined in the [[Glossary]]: aphorism, canonical, deictic, ecriture, exegesis, homonymy, rediscovering

== See Also ==
[[Roland Barthes]]

Hea, Amy C. Kimme "Riding The Wave"

2012-04-17T03:38:54Z

Susieb:

Scott, Robert L. "On Viewing Rhetoric as Epistemic"

2012-04-17T03:33:36Z

Susieb:

[[Robert L. Scott]] published “On Viewing Rhetoric as Epistemic” in 1967. He begins by explaining how in classical rhetoric (such as Plato’s portrayal in the Socratic dialogues) there is an absolute "Truth." Scott argues against this notion of an absolute or definitive Truth. Drawing on the work of [[Stephen Toulmin]], Scott first explains how through the “analytic argument” (i.e., the kind of argument used in the traditional syllogism (see: [[Glossary]]), one cannot actually gain any empirical knowledge about the world. This is because by nature, the facts of the world are contingent and dependent on time, whereas analytic arguments are meant to be immutable and time-independent. Scott then discusses [[Douglas Ehninger]] and Wayne Brockriede’s views on debate, saying that the “cooperative critical inquiry” used in debate is a more accurate means for finding—or creating—truth. Scott then explains how understanding the nature of truth has important ramifications in ethics. One must attempt to make the proper moral choices even though no objective standard of truth for ethics actually exists.

Scott argues that "truth" is contingent, and rather rhetoric creates truth (see [[Richard Vatz]]). Truth comes from learning through experience--not before the experience. Scott believes that individuals acting upon a preconceived and definite idea of truth are not acting responsibly in regard to ethics. Thus, the actors are merely acting as instruments of an outside truth, and removing responsibility based on the situation. Ultimately to act without certainity or a notion of absolute truth, especially in ethical matters, is actually the most responsible approach. Truth is dual, based on precepts and circumstances. By claiming that rhetoric is epistemic, Scott is saying that rhetoric is what creates truth, it is how we come to know what we know.

== See Also ==

[[James Berlin]]

[[Richard Vatz]]

== Further Reading ==

[[Robert L. Scott]], "On Viewing Rhetoric as Epistemic: Ten Years Later" (1976)

[[James Berlin]], "Rhetoric and Ideology in the Writing Class" (1988)

User:Susieb

2012-04-17T01:25:42Z

Susieb:

Susie is an English Writing and Rhetoric major at St. Edward's University in Austin, Texas. She worked on this Wiki during her Current Theories of Rhetoric and Composition Class with Dr. Quinn Warnick.

List of Contributions:

Robert L. Scott (Article Summary)
*Substantially expanded summary of article and main ideas, mainly second paragraph
*Some copy editing for style, grammar, and wording in first paragraph of summary which was preexisting
*Created internal links for other authors: Ehninger, Toulmin, and Vatz (made connection to outside reading)
*Added "See Also" and "Further Reading" sections and links
*Linked to Berlin, but Berlin did not have a link under the Authors section, only a page with no link to it, so I added Berlin to Authors page

Theories and Movements Page
*Fixed heading format on Semiotics, Rogerian Rhetoric, and Post-Structuralism sections. Before they were actually links and it was not consistent with the rest of the design/format.
*Added "Cognitive Rhetoric" to movement and added external link
*General Housekeeping: fixed formatting errors, broken links, added internal links, corrected spelling mistakes
*Created Sophism section under movements. I felt this was an important connector for classical and modern rhetoric. I linked several other pages to this section
*Deleted sections that had no information under them to improve page design and coherence
*Added/fixed external links to Wikipedia pages (Rogerian rhetoric, post-structuralism, semiotics)

Lory Hawkes (Author and Article Page)
*Created an Author page for Lory Hawkes
*Created Article summary
*Added relevant links

Weaver (Author Page)
*Added/Filled in Books and Articles section
*Linked to external PDF file of Weaver article
*Added external link to "A Rhetorician's Treasury of Richard M. Weaver"

Weaver (Article Summary)
*Added internal link
*Added See Also and linked to Theories Page and external Wikipedia Page

Berlin Page
*Created link under Authors section
*Added

Glossary
*Added Kairos as term, and added links
*Added links to terms (enthymeme, episteme)
*Added Rhetorical Situation as term and links to authors and pages

Ede, Lisa S. and Andrea A. Lunsford "On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric"
*Fixed and added internal links
*Added to See Also section

General Housekeeping
*Moved "Susan Delagrange" which was in the B section to the D section
*Fixed broken links and typos as I came across them
*Added internal links between authors, articles, glossary, and movements
*Added See Also section/links to Lloyd Bitzer Rhetorical Situation Article Page
*Added external link to Toulmin author page
*Added see also "digital divide" link to Sidler article page

Barthes, Roland "Death of the Author"

2012-04-17T01:23:10Z

Susieb: /* See Also */

“Death of the Author” by [[Roland Barthes]] discusses and criticizes the emphasis literary critics place on the author while offering an alternative emphasis. The article cites those who have tried to break with traditional criticism practices, such as Mallarme’s attempt to suppress the author in poetics and Valery’s stress on linguistics and the text. Barthes proposes that criticism placing the author at the center of originality and creation are false because words and concepts are inherited, and thus unable to be created by the individual; instead, the author only exerts power in organization. The words and concepts used by humanity exist in culturally specific dictionaries, which he describes as a “tissue of signs imitation that is lost, infinitely deferred.” For Barthes, “A text is not a line of words releasing a single ‘theological’ meaning (the ‘message’ of the Author-God), but a multi-dimensional space in which a variety of writings, none of them original, blend and clash” (5). Ultimately, Barthes claims the author's identity limits text and its potential interpretations. Instead, the reader should be seen as the sole agent in interpretation since only he can aline the words on the page with his own understanding of reality. Barthes boldly states, “the birth of the reader must be at the cost of the death of the Author.”

== See Also ==
*Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roland_Barthes Roland Barthes Wikipedia]

Barthes, Roland "Death of the Author"

2012-04-17T01:21:19Z

Susieb:

2012-04-17T00:07:15Z

Susieb:

Hawkes, Lory "Impact of Invasive Web Technologies on Digital Research"

2012-04-17T00:05:59Z

Susieb:

In this article, [[Lory Hawkes]] discusses ideas and methods for protecting the digital researcher. In this essay, Hawkes first explores:
"the electronic potential for harm to digital writing researchers. New and malevolent intrusive technologies can allow digital exploiters to hijack, distort, and bug the electronic transmission of data passed through networks or broadcast through wireless communication devices...surveillance technologies jeopardize data-gathering processes and disrupt the mutual trust between research and subject of collegial exchange among colleagues."

Hawkes argues that these new invasive web technologies can be damaging and dangerous to the researcher. They pose a threat because they have the ability to "expose the researcher's identity, research subject information, and confidential findings to cyber exploiter."

Hawkes also focuses on the consequences of digital surveillance techniques implemented and practiced by the federal government, including the Patriot Act. She offers suggestions for digital researchers to ensure that they are protected from the invasive technologies, and "to protect their reputations in response to the dire political complications brought about by new federal initiatives."

== See Also ==
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patriot_Act Patriot Act Wikipedia]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_mining Data Mining Wikipedia]
[[Lory Hawkes]]
[[Kevin Eric Depew]]

Hawkes, Lory "Impact of Invasive Web Technologies on Digital Research"

2012-04-16T23:49:52Z

Susieb: Created page with "In this article, Lory Hawkes discusses ideas and methods for protecting the digital researcher. In this essay, Hawkes first explores, "the electronic potential for harm to digit..."

In this article, Lory Hawkes discusses ideas and methods for protecting the digital researcher. In this essay, Hawkes first explores, "the electronic potential for harm to digital writing researchers. New and malevolent intrusive technologies can allow digital exploiters to hijack, distort, and bug the electronic transmission of data passed through networks or broadcast through wireless communication devices

Article Summaries

2012-04-16T23:43:01Z

Susieb:

This page links to in-depth article summaries from prominent authors in this field. Links are organized by author's last name.

[[Article Summary Template]]

== A-D ==
* [[Aristotle, Poetics]]
* [[Aristotle, Rhetoric]]
:
:
* [[Bakhtin, Mikhail "Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences"]]
* [[Baron, Dennis "From Pencils to Pixels: The Stages of Literacy Technology"]]
* [[Barthes, Roland "Death of the Author"]]
* [[Blythe, Stuart "Coding Digital Texts and Multimedia"]]
* [[Bitzer, Lloyd "The Rhetorical Situation"]]
* [[Bizzell, Patricia "Arguing About Literacy"]]
* [[Bormann, Ernest G. "Symbolic Convergence Theory"]]
* [[Brent, Douglas "Rogerian Rhetoric: An Alternative to Traditional Rhetoric"]]
* [[Bryant, Donald C. "Rhetoric: Its Functions and Its Scope"]]
* [[Burke, Kenneth "Definition of Man"]]
:
:
* [[Corder, Jim W. "Argument as Emergence, Rhetoric as Love"]]
* [["CCCC Position Statement"]]
* [[Cope, Bill and Kalantzis, Mary. "A Grammar of Multimodality"]]
:
:
* [[Delagrange, Susan "When Reflection is Re-Design: Key Questions for Digital Scholarship"]]
* [[DePew, Kevin Eric “Through the Eyes of Researchers, Rhetors, and Audiences”]]
* [[Downs, Douglas and Elizabeth Wardle “Teaching About Writing, Righting Misconceptions: (Re)Envisioning 'First Year Composition' as 'Introduction to Writing Studies'”]]

== E-H ==
* [[Ede, Lisa S. and Andrea A. Lunsford "On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric"]]
* [[Ehninger, Douglas "On Systems of Rhetoric"]]
:
:
* [[Fisher, Walter "Narration as a Human Communication Paradigm"]]
* [[Foucault, Michel "What Is an Author?"]]
:
* [[Hea, Amy C. Kimme "Riding The Wave"]]
* [[Halloran, Michael S. "On the End of Rhetoric: Classical and Modern"]]
* [[Hart-Davidson, Bill and Steven D. Krause “Re: The Future of Computers and Writing: A Multivocal Textumentary”]]
* [[Hawkes, Lory "Impact of Invasive Web Technologies on Digital Research"]]

== I-L ==
* [[Jenkins, Henry "Eight Traits of the New Media Landscape"]]
* [[Johnson-Eilola, Johndan “Negative Spaces: From Production to Connection in Composition”]]
:
:
* [[Logie, John “Champing at the Bits: Computers, Copyright, ad the Composition Classroom”]]
* [[Lunsford, Andrea and Lisa Ede "On Distinctions between Classical and Modern Rhetoric"]]

== M-P ==
* [[McIntire-Strasburg, Janice "Multimedia Research"]]
* [[McKeon, Richard “The Uses of Rhetoric in a Technological Age: Architectonic Productive Arts”]]
* [[Moeller, Ryan and David Christensen "System Mapping: A Genre Field Analysis of the National Science Foundation's Grant Proposal and Funding Process"]]
* [[Mooney, Annabelle "The Rhetoric of Cults: Intoduction"]]

:
:
* [[Ohmann, Richard “In Lieu of a New Rhetoric”]]
:
:
* [[Palmquist, Mike, Kate Kiefer, James Hartvigsen, and Barbara Goodlew "Contrasts: Teaching and Learning about Writing in Traditional and Computer Classrooms"]]
* [[Perelman, Chaïm "The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning"]]

== Q-T ==
* [[Richards, I.A. "How to Read a Page"]]
* [[Rickly, Rebecca "Messy Contexts: Research as a Rhetorical Situation"]]
:
:
* [[Saussure, Ferdinand de "Nature of the Linguistic Sign"]]
* [[Scott, Robert L. "On Viewing Rhetoric as Epistemic"]]
* [[Sidler, Michelle "Playing Scavenger and Gazer with Scientific Discourse: Opportunities and Ethics for Online Research"]]
* [[Selfe, Cynthia L. & Richard J. Selfe Jr. "The Politics of the Interface: Power and Its Exercise in Electronic Contact Zones"]]
* [[Slatin, John M. "Reading Hypertext: Order and Coherence in a New Medium"]]
* [[Sorapure, Madeleine, Pamela Inglesby, and George Yatchisin "Web Literacy: Challenges and Opportunities for Research in a New Medium"]]
:
:
* [[Toulmin, Stephen "The Layout of Arguments"]]
== U-X ==
* [[Vatz, Richard "The Myth of the Rhetorical Situation]]
:
:
* [[Wardle, Elizabeth and Douglas Downs “Teaching About Writing, Righting Misconceptions: (Re)Envisioning 'First Year Composition' as 'Introduction to Writing Studies'”]]
* [[Weaver, Richard "The Cultural Role of Rhetoric]]
* [[Williams, Sean D. "Part 2: Toward an Integrated Composition Pedagogy in Hypertext"]]
== Y & Z ==
* [[Yancey, Kathleen Blake "Looking for Sources of Coherence in a Fragmented World: Notes toward a New Assessment Design"]]
* [[Yancey, Kathleen Blake "Made Not Only in Words: Composition in a New Key"]]

Authors

2012-04-16T23:41:46Z

Susieb: /* E-H */

All authors are organized by their last names. Just click on the corresponding letter.

[[Author Page template]]

== A-D ==

*[[Aristotle]]
*[[Mikhail_Bakhtin|Bakhtin, Mikhail]]
*[[Cheryl_E._Ball|Ball, Cheryl E.]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dennis_Baron Baron, Dennis]
*[[Roland_Barthes|Barthes, Roland]]
*[[James Berlin|Berlin, James]]
*[[Lloyd_Bitzer|Bitzer, Lloyd]]
*[[Patricia_Bizzell|Bizzell, Patricia]]
*[[Stuart_Blythe|Blythe, Stuart]]
*[[Brent_Douglas|Brent, Douglas]]
*[[Donald_C._Bryant|Bryant, Donald C.]]
*[[Bormann_Ernest_G.|Bormann, Ernest G.]]
*[[Kenneth_Burke|Burke, Kenneth]]
*[[Jim_W._Corder|Corder, Jim W.]]
*[[Kevin_Eric_DePew|DePew, Kevin Eric]]
*[[Susan_Delagrange|Delagrange, Susan]]
*[[Douglas_Downs|Downs, Douglas]]

== E-H ==

*[[Lisa_S._Ede|Ede, Lisa S.]]
*[[Douglas_Ehninger|Ehninger, Douglas]]
*[[Walter_Fisher|Fisher, Walter]]
*[[Michel_Foucault|Foucault, Michel]]
*[[Michael_S._Halloran|Halloran, Michael S.]]
*[[Bill_Hart-Davidson|Hart-Davidson, Bill]]
*[[Lory Hawkes|Hawkes, Lory]]

== I-L ==

*[[Henry_Jenkins|Jenkins, Henry]]
*[[Johndan_Johnson-Eilola|Johnson-Eilola, Johndan]]
*[[Steven_D._Krause|Krause, Steven D.]]
*[[John_Logie|Logie, John]]
*[[Andrea_A._Lunsford|Lunsford, Andrea A.]]

== M-P ==

*[[Janice_McIntire-Strasburg|McIntire-Strasburg, Janice]]
*[[Richard_McKeon|McKeon, Richard]]
*[[Richard_Ohmann|Ohmann, Richard]]
*[[Mike_Palmquist|Palmquist, Mike]]
*[[Chaim_Perelman|Perelman, Chaim]]
*[[Plato]]

== Q-T ==

*[[I._A._Richards|Richards, I. A.]]
*[[Rebecca_Rickly|Rickly, Rebecca]]
*[[Ferdinand_de_Saussure|Saussure, Ferdinand de]]
*[[Robert_L._Scott|Scott, Robert L.]]
*[[Cynthia_L._Selfe|Selfe, Cynthia L.]]
*[[Richard_J._Selfe_Jr.|Selfe, Richard L.]]
*[[Michelle_Sidler|Sidler, Michelle]]
*[[John_M._Slatin|Slatin, John M.]]
*[[Madeleine_Sorapure|Sorapure, Madeleine]]
*[[Stephen_Toulmin|Toulmin, Stephen]]

== U-Z ==

*[[Richard_Vatz|Vatz, Richard]]
*[[Elizabeth_Wardle|Wardle, Elizabeth]]
*[[Quinn_Warnick|Warnick, Quinn]]
*[[Richard_Weaver|Weaver, Richard]]
*[[Sean_D._Williams|Williams, Sean D.]]
*[[Kathleen_Blake_Yancey|Yancey, Kathleen Blake]]

Richard Weaver

2012-04-16T23:39:42Z

Susieb: /* Agreement */

== Biography ==

'''Background'''

Archconservative from the south, in the eponymously named Weaverville, his family was part of high society. Sharron Crowley’s book (see "Opposition" section below) evaluates Weaver’s ideology as it affects his theory of rhetoric. Crowley claims that Weaver thought the civil upheaval and development (social equality) was a threat to the old structure of society.

Weaver’s ideology, according to Crowley, assumed a hierarchy of culture. He was an apologist for the old South; things were better when social mobility was stagnant. He is sometimes called a “Paleo-conservative” and a reactionary, or someone who reacts against other people upsetting the way he thinks the way the world should be.

Our society’s current ideology, according to Weaver, makes us fragmented and subject to manipulation. Weaver despised propaganda and advertisement, claiming that we have no more honor or chivalry, and that we have become so wedded to scientific and technological advancements that we have become too individualistic.

'''Further Biographic Information'''

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_M._Weaver Richard Weaver Biography]

== Article Summaries ==

[[Weaver, Richard "The Cultural Role of Rhetoric]]

Weaver is arguing against dialectic use in our society, calling for a revival of rhetoric. He claims that human culture (the values and beliefs of a people who are bound together by tradition, lived experience, and a shared history) will experience a state of social paralysis if dialectic is allowed to dominate rhetoric.

== Additional Works/Publications ==

==== Books ====

Books in bold are still in print.

*1948. '''Ideas Have Consequences.''' Univ. of Chicago Press.
*1985 (1953). '''The Ethics of Rhetoric.''' Davis CA: Hermagoras Press.
*1967 (1957). '''Rhetoric and Composition, 2nd ed. of Composition: A Course in Reading and Writing'''. Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
*1995 (1964). '''Visions of Order The Cultural Crisis of Our Time.''' Bryn Mawr PA: ISI Press.
*1965. Life without Prejudice and Other Essays. Chicago: Henry Regnery.
*1989 (1968). '''The Southern Tradition at Bay.''' Core, George, and Bradford, M.E., eds. Washington DC: Regnery Gateway.
*1970. Language is Sermonic: R. M. Weaver on the Nature of Rhetoric, Johannesen, R., Strickland, R., and Eubanks, R.T., eds. Louisiana State Univ. Press.
*1987. '''The Southern Essays of Richard M. Weaver.''' Curtis, G. M. III, and Thompson, James J. Jr., eds. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund.

==== Articles/Essays ====
*Weaver, Richard M., "Address to Family Meeting," August 10, 1950, in Pearl M. Weaver,The Tribe of Jacob: The Descendants of the Reverend Jacob Weaver of Reems Creek, North Carolina, 1786-1868 and Elizabeth Siler Weaver. 114.
*------, 2001, "Language is Sermonic" from The Rhetorical Tradition, 2nd ed. Bizzell, P. & B. Herzber, eds. Bedford Books: 1351-1360.
*In addition to his books, Weaver published 61 book reviews, 3 pamphlets with the ISI Press, and 35 articles, including 4 in the Georgia Review, 4 in Modern Age, 6 in National Review, and 4 in the Sewanee Review:

1963, "Two Types of American Individualism," Modern Age: 119-35. [[File:weaver.pdf]]

== Further Readings ==
*Bliese, John. "Richard M. Weaver And The Rhetorical Of A Lost Cause." ''RSQ: Rhetoric Society Quarterly'' 19.4 (1989): 313-325. Communication & Mass Media Complete. Web. 21 Mar. 2012.
*Jacobi, Martin J., and Bernard K. Duffy. "A Comprehensive Bibliography Of Works By And About Richard M. Weaver."'' RSQ: Rhetoric Society Quarterly'' 25.(1995): 258-273. Communication & Mass Media Complete. Web. 21 Mar. 2012.
*Johannesen, Richard L. "A Reconsideration Of Richard M. Weaver's Platonic Idealism." ''RSQ: Rhetoric Society Quarterly'' 21.2 (1991): 1-10. Communication & Mass Media Complete. Web. 21 Mar. 2012.
*Payne, Melinda A., Suzanne M. Ratchford, and Lillian N. Wooley. "Richard M. Weaver: A Bibliographic Essay." ''RSQ: Rhetoric Society Quarterly'' 19.4 (1989): 327-332. Communication & Mass Media Complete. Web. 21 Mar. 2012.

== Other Scholarly Views ==

==== Opposition ====

Those authors that disagree with Weaver.

* Crowley, Sharon. "When Ideology Motivates Theory: The Case of the Man from Weaverville." ''Rhetoric Review''. 20.1/2 (2001):66-93.
<blockquote>This is a must-read for anyone reading or working with Weaver. </blockquote>

== References ==

== External Links ==
* [http://www.phillwebb.net/topics/communication/Weaver/Weaver.htm Weaver related Bibliography]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_M._Weaver Richard M. Weaver Wikipedia]
* [http://www.phc.edu/rr_weavertreasury.php A Rhetorician's Treasury of Richard M. Weaver]

Richard Weaver

2012-04-16T23:39:28Z

Susieb: /* External Links */

== Biography ==

'''Background'''

Archconservative from the south, in the eponymously named Weaverville, his family was part of high society. Sharron Crowley’s book (see "Opposition" section below) evaluates Weaver’s ideology as it affects his theory of rhetoric. Crowley claims that Weaver thought the civil upheaval and development (social equality) was a threat to the old structure of society.

Weaver’s ideology, according to Crowley, assumed a hierarchy of culture. He was an apologist for the old South; things were better when social mobility was stagnant. He is sometimes called a “Paleo-conservative” and a reactionary, or someone who reacts against other people upsetting the way he thinks the way the world should be.

Our society’s current ideology, according to Weaver, makes us fragmented and subject to manipulation. Weaver despised propaganda and advertisement, claiming that we have no more honor or chivalry, and that we have become so wedded to scientific and technological advancements that we have become too individualistic.

'''Further Biographic Information'''

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_M._Weaver Richard Weaver Biography]

== Article Summaries ==

[[Weaver, Richard "The Cultural Role of Rhetoric]]

Weaver is arguing against dialectic use in our society, calling for a revival of rhetoric. He claims that human culture (the values and beliefs of a people who are bound together by tradition, lived experience, and a shared history) will experience a state of social paralysis if dialectic is allowed to dominate rhetoric.

== Additional Works/Publications ==

==== Books ====

Books in bold are still in print.

*1948. '''Ideas Have Consequences.''' Univ. of Chicago Press.
*1985 (1953). '''The Ethics of Rhetoric.''' Davis CA: Hermagoras Press.
*1967 (1957). '''Rhetoric and Composition, 2nd ed. of Composition: A Course in Reading and Writing'''. Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
*1995 (1964). '''Visions of Order The Cultural Crisis of Our Time.''' Bryn Mawr PA: ISI Press.
*1965. Life without Prejudice and Other Essays. Chicago: Henry Regnery.
*1989 (1968). '''The Southern Tradition at Bay.''' Core, George, and Bradford, M.E., eds. Washington DC: Regnery Gateway.
*1970. Language is Sermonic: R. M. Weaver on the Nature of Rhetoric, Johannesen, R., Strickland, R., and Eubanks, R.T., eds. Louisiana State Univ. Press.
*1987. '''The Southern Essays of Richard M. Weaver.''' Curtis, G. M. III, and Thompson, James J. Jr., eds. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund.

==== Articles/Essays ====
*Weaver, Richard M., "Address to Family Meeting," August 10, 1950, in Pearl M. Weaver,The Tribe of Jacob: The Descendants of the Reverend Jacob Weaver of Reems Creek, North Carolina, 1786-1868 and Elizabeth Siler Weaver. 114.
*------, 2001, "Language is Sermonic" from The Rhetorical Tradition, 2nd ed. Bizzell, P. & B. Herzber, eds. Bedford Books: 1351-1360.
*In addition to his books, Weaver published 61 book reviews, 3 pamphlets with the ISI Press, and 35 articles, including 4 in the Georgia Review, 4 in Modern Age, 6 in National Review, and 4 in the Sewanee Review:

1963, "Two Types of American Individualism," Modern Age: 119-35. [[File:weaver.pdf]]

== Further Readings ==
*Bliese, John. "Richard M. Weaver And The Rhetorical Of A Lost Cause." ''RSQ: Rhetoric Society Quarterly'' 19.4 (1989): 313-325. Communication & Mass Media Complete. Web. 21 Mar. 2012.
*Jacobi, Martin J., and Bernard K. Duffy. "A Comprehensive Bibliography Of Works By And About Richard M. Weaver."'' RSQ: Rhetoric Society Quarterly'' 25.(1995): 258-273. Communication & Mass Media Complete. Web. 21 Mar. 2012.
*Johannesen, Richard L. "A Reconsideration Of Richard M. Weaver's Platonic Idealism." ''RSQ: Rhetoric Society Quarterly'' 21.2 (1991): 1-10. Communication & Mass Media Complete. Web. 21 Mar. 2012.
*Payne, Melinda A., Suzanne M. Ratchford, and Lillian N. Wooley. "Richard M. Weaver: A Bibliographic Essay." ''RSQ: Rhetoric Society Quarterly'' 19.4 (1989): 327-332. Communication & Mass Media Complete. Web. 21 Mar. 2012.

== Other Scholarly Views ==

==== Agreement ====

Those authors that agree with Weaver.

==== Opposition ====

Those authors that disagree with Weaver.

* Crowley, Sharon. "When Ideology Motivates Theory: The Case of the Man from Weaverville." ''Rhetoric Review''. 20.1/2 (2001):66-93.
<blockquote>This is a must-read for anyone reading or working with Weaver. </blockquote>

== References ==

== External Links ==
* [http://www.phillwebb.net/topics/communication/Weaver/Weaver.htm Weaver related Bibliography]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_M._Weaver Richard M. Weaver Wikipedia]
* [http://www.phc.edu/rr_weavertreasury.php A Rhetorician's Treasury of Richard M. Weaver]

Weaver, Richard "The Cultural Role of Rhetoric

2012-04-16T23:38:36Z

Susieb: /* See Also */

“The Cultural Role of Rhetoric” by [[Richard Weaver]] argues his point that a combination of rhetoric and dialectic are needed to form the most persuasive speech. However, at the time the article was written, Weaver claimed that the “discourse that is favored today is without feeling and resonance." In other words, people were incorrectly relying on dialectic without rhetoric. Rhetoric relies on a shared history between people that brings them together. Weaver states that his thesis “is that a too exclusive reliance upon dialectic is a mistake of the most serious consequence because dialectic alone in the social realm is subversive." He believes that the danger of dialectic comes from its denial of historicity.

Rhetoric is the combination of passion and logic with a emphasis on human history. To emphasize this point he references a great historical event: the example of the trial of Socrates. He uses the trial to show that using just a dialectic approach will not connect with the people a person is appealing to in their speech. Socrates may have been the “greatest dialectician of his time”, but the way in which he spoke lacked feeling and brought “to minds of the audience the side of Socrates which had aroused enmity." His way of speaking did not connect with the audience and therefore they felt no sympathy or connection with him. People need to be “approached through certain ‘places’ or common perceptions of reality." Those who only use dialectic actually withdraw themselves from society. However, there are people now who believe that “it is improper for any person to try to persuade another person” and that the only speech stated should be pure facts. It is impossible to simply use the denotation and not the connotation of a word, though, and “what a word means is going to be determined by the whole context of the vocabulary." According to Weaver, rhetoric and not dialectic is what helped Christianity to thrive over Hellenic ideals because it provided talk of feelings and a historical moment as well. Weaver concludes by saying that “in the restored man dialectic and rhetoric will go along hand in hand as the regime of the human faculties intended that they should do" (89).

== See Also ==
[[Richard Weaver]]

[http://rhetorclick.com/wiki/Theories_and_Movements#Conservatism Conservatism]

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_M._Weaver Richard M. Weaver Wikipedia]

Weaver, Richard "The Cultural Role of Rhetoric

2012-04-16T23:36:37Z

Susieb:

Richard Weaver

2012-04-16T23:33:13Z

Susieb: /* Articles/Essays */

== Biography ==

'''Background'''

Archconservative from the south, in the eponymously named Weaverville, his family was part of high society. Sharron Crowley’s book (see "Opposition" section below) evaluates Weaver’s ideology as it affects his theory of rhetoric. Crowley claims that Weaver thought the civil upheaval and development (social equality) was a threat to the old structure of society.

Weaver’s ideology, according to Crowley, assumed a hierarchy of culture. He was an apologist for the old South; things were better when social mobility was stagnant. He is sometimes called a “Paleo-conservative” and a reactionary, or someone who reacts against other people upsetting the way he thinks the way the world should be.

Our society’s current ideology, according to Weaver, makes us fragmented and subject to manipulation. Weaver despised propaganda and advertisement, claiming that we have no more honor or chivalry, and that we have become so wedded to scientific and technological advancements that we have become too individualistic.

'''Further Biographic Information'''

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_M._Weaver Richard Weaver Biography]

== Article Summaries ==

[[Weaver, Richard "The Cultural Role of Rhetoric]]

Weaver is arguing against dialectic use in our society, calling for a revival of rhetoric. He claims that human culture (the values and beliefs of a people who are bound together by tradition, lived experience, and a shared history) will experience a state of social paralysis if dialectic is allowed to dominate rhetoric.

== Additional Works/Publications ==

==== Books ====

Books in bold are still in print.

*1948. '''Ideas Have Consequences.''' Univ. of Chicago Press.
*1985 (1953). '''The Ethics of Rhetoric.''' Davis CA: Hermagoras Press.
*1967 (1957). '''Rhetoric and Composition, 2nd ed. of Composition: A Course in Reading and Writing'''. Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
*1995 (1964). '''Visions of Order The Cultural Crisis of Our Time.''' Bryn Mawr PA: ISI Press.
*1965. Life without Prejudice and Other Essays. Chicago: Henry Regnery.
*1989 (1968). '''The Southern Tradition at Bay.''' Core, George, and Bradford, M.E., eds. Washington DC: Regnery Gateway.
*1970. Language is Sermonic: R. M. Weaver on the Nature of Rhetoric, Johannesen, R., Strickland, R., and Eubanks, R.T., eds. Louisiana State Univ. Press.
*1987. '''The Southern Essays of Richard M. Weaver.''' Curtis, G. M. III, and Thompson, James J. Jr., eds. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund.

==== Articles/Essays ====
*Weaver, Richard M., "Address to Family Meeting," August 10, 1950, in Pearl M. Weaver,The Tribe of Jacob: The Descendants of the Reverend Jacob Weaver of Reems Creek, North Carolina, 1786-1868 and Elizabeth Siler Weaver. 114.
*------, 2001, "Language is Sermonic" from The Rhetorical Tradition, 2nd ed. Bizzell, P. & B. Herzber, eds. Bedford Books: 1351-1360.
*In addition to his books, Weaver published 61 book reviews, 3 pamphlets with the ISI Press, and 35 articles, including 4 in the Georgia Review, 4 in Modern Age, 6 in National Review, and 4 in the Sewanee Review:

1963, "Two Types of American Individualism," Modern Age: 119-35. [[File:weaver.pdf]]

== Further Readings ==
*Bliese, John. "Richard M. Weaver And The Rhetorical Of A Lost Cause." ''RSQ: Rhetoric Society Quarterly'' 19.4 (1989): 313-325. Communication & Mass Media Complete. Web. 21 Mar. 2012.
*Jacobi, Martin J., and Bernard K. Duffy. "A Comprehensive Bibliography Of Works By And About Richard M. Weaver."'' RSQ: Rhetoric Society Quarterly'' 25.(1995): 258-273. Communication & Mass Media Complete. Web. 21 Mar. 2012.
*Johannesen, Richard L. "A Reconsideration Of Richard M. Weaver's Platonic Idealism." ''RSQ: Rhetoric Society Quarterly'' 21.2 (1991): 1-10. Communication & Mass Media Complete. Web. 21 Mar. 2012.
*Payne, Melinda A., Suzanne M. Ratchford, and Lillian N. Wooley. "Richard M. Weaver: A Bibliographic Essay." ''RSQ: Rhetoric Society Quarterly'' 19.4 (1989): 327-332. Communication & Mass Media Complete. Web. 21 Mar. 2012.

== Other Scholarly Views ==

==== Agreement ====

Those authors that agree with Weaver.

==== Opposition ====

Those authors that disagree with Weaver.

* Crowley, Sharon. "When Ideology Motivates Theory: The Case of the Man from Weaverville." ''Rhetoric Review''. 20.1/2 (2001):66-93.
<blockquote>This is a must-read for anyone reading or working with Weaver. </blockquote>

== References ==

== External Links ==
* [http://www.phillwebb.net/topics/communication/Weaver/Weaver.htm Weaver related Bibliography]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_M._Weaver Richard M. Weaver Wikipedia]

Richard Weaver

2012-04-16T23:32:05Z

Susieb: /* Articles/Essays */

== Biography ==

'''Background'''

Archconservative from the south, in the eponymously named Weaverville, his family was part of high society. Sharron Crowley’s book (see "Opposition" section below) evaluates Weaver’s ideology as it affects his theory of rhetoric. Crowley claims that Weaver thought the civil upheaval and development (social equality) was a threat to the old structure of society.

Weaver’s ideology, according to Crowley, assumed a hierarchy of culture. He was an apologist for the old South; things were better when social mobility was stagnant. He is sometimes called a “Paleo-conservative” and a reactionary, or someone who reacts against other people upsetting the way he thinks the way the world should be.

Our society’s current ideology, according to Weaver, makes us fragmented and subject to manipulation. Weaver despised propaganda and advertisement, claiming that we have no more honor or chivalry, and that we have become so wedded to scientific and technological advancements that we have become too individualistic.

'''Further Biographic Information'''

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_M._Weaver Richard Weaver Biography]

== Article Summaries ==

[[Weaver, Richard "The Cultural Role of Rhetoric]]

Weaver is arguing against dialectic use in our society, calling for a revival of rhetoric. He claims that human culture (the values and beliefs of a people who are bound together by tradition, lived experience, and a shared history) will experience a state of social paralysis if dialectic is allowed to dominate rhetoric.

== Additional Works/Publications ==

==== Books ====

Books in bold are still in print.

*1948. '''Ideas Have Consequences.''' Univ. of Chicago Press.
*1985 (1953). '''The Ethics of Rhetoric.''' Davis CA: Hermagoras Press.
*1967 (1957). '''Rhetoric and Composition, 2nd ed. of Composition: A Course in Reading and Writing'''. Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
*1995 (1964). '''Visions of Order The Cultural Crisis of Our Time.''' Bryn Mawr PA: ISI Press.
*1965. Life without Prejudice and Other Essays. Chicago: Henry Regnery.
*1989 (1968). '''The Southern Tradition at Bay.''' Core, George, and Bradford, M.E., eds. Washington DC: Regnery Gateway.
*1970. Language is Sermonic: R. M. Weaver on the Nature of Rhetoric, Johannesen, R., Strickland, R., and Eubanks, R.T., eds. Louisiana State Univ. Press.
*1987. '''The Southern Essays of Richard M. Weaver.''' Curtis, G. M. III, and Thompson, James J. Jr., eds. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund.

==== Articles/Essays ====
*Weaver, Richard M., "Address to Family Meeting," August 10, 1950, in Pearl M. Weaver,The Tribe of Jacob: The Descendants of the Reverend Jacob Weaver of Reems Creek, North Carolina, 1786-1868 and Elizabeth Siler Weaver. 114.
*------, 2001, "Language is Sermonic" from The Rhetorical Tradition, 2nd ed. Bizzell, P. & B. Herzber, eds. Bedford Books: 1351-1360.
*In addition to his books, Weaver published 61 book reviews, 3 pamphlets with the ISI Press, and 35 articles, including 4 in the Georgia Review, 4 in Modern Age, 6 in National Review, and 4 in the Sewanee Review:

1963, "Two Types of American Individualism [[File:weaver.pdf "Two Types of American Individualism"]]," Modern Age: 119-35.

== Further Readings ==
*Bliese, John. "Richard M. Weaver And The Rhetorical Of A Lost Cause." ''RSQ: Rhetoric Society Quarterly'' 19.4 (1989): 313-325. Communication & Mass Media Complete. Web. 21 Mar. 2012.
*Jacobi, Martin J., and Bernard K. Duffy. "A Comprehensive Bibliography Of Works By And About Richard M. Weaver."'' RSQ: Rhetoric Society Quarterly'' 25.(1995): 258-273. Communication & Mass Media Complete. Web. 21 Mar. 2012.
*Johannesen, Richard L. "A Reconsideration Of Richard M. Weaver's Platonic Idealism." ''RSQ: Rhetoric Society Quarterly'' 21.2 (1991): 1-10. Communication & Mass Media Complete. Web. 21 Mar. 2012.
*Payne, Melinda A., Suzanne M. Ratchford, and Lillian N. Wooley. "Richard M. Weaver: A Bibliographic Essay." ''RSQ: Rhetoric Society Quarterly'' 19.4 (1989): 327-332. Communication & Mass Media Complete. Web. 21 Mar. 2012.

== Other Scholarly Views ==

==== Agreement ====

Those authors that agree with Weaver.

==== Opposition ====

Those authors that disagree with Weaver.

* Crowley, Sharon. "When Ideology Motivates Theory: The Case of the Man from Weaverville." ''Rhetoric Review''. 20.1/2 (2001):66-93.
<blockquote>This is a must-read for anyone reading or working with Weaver. </blockquote>

== References ==

== External Links ==
* [http://www.phillwebb.net/topics/communication/Weaver/Weaver.htm Weaver related Bibliography]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_M._Weaver Richard M. Weaver Wikipedia]

Richard Weaver

2012-04-16T23:31:28Z

Susieb: /* Articles/Essays */

== Biography ==

'''Background'''

Archconservative from the south, in the eponymously named Weaverville, his family was part of high society. Sharron Crowley’s book (see "Opposition" section below) evaluates Weaver’s ideology as it affects his theory of rhetoric. Crowley claims that Weaver thought the civil upheaval and development (social equality) was a threat to the old structure of society.

Weaver’s ideology, according to Crowley, assumed a hierarchy of culture. He was an apologist for the old South; things were better when social mobility was stagnant. He is sometimes called a “Paleo-conservative” and a reactionary, or someone who reacts against other people upsetting the way he thinks the way the world should be.

Our society’s current ideology, according to Weaver, makes us fragmented and subject to manipulation. Weaver despised propaganda and advertisement, claiming that we have no more honor or chivalry, and that we have become so wedded to scientific and technological advancements that we have become too individualistic.

'''Further Biographic Information'''

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_M._Weaver Richard Weaver Biography]

== Article Summaries ==

[[Weaver, Richard "The Cultural Role of Rhetoric]]

Weaver is arguing against dialectic use in our society, calling for a revival of rhetoric. He claims that human culture (the values and beliefs of a people who are bound together by tradition, lived experience, and a shared history) will experience a state of social paralysis if dialectic is allowed to dominate rhetoric.

== Additional Works/Publications ==

==== Books ====

Books in bold are still in print.

*1948. '''Ideas Have Consequences.''' Univ. of Chicago Press.
*1985 (1953). '''The Ethics of Rhetoric.''' Davis CA: Hermagoras Press.
*1967 (1957). '''Rhetoric and Composition, 2nd ed. of Composition: A Course in Reading and Writing'''. Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
*1995 (1964). '''Visions of Order The Cultural Crisis of Our Time.''' Bryn Mawr PA: ISI Press.
*1965. Life without Prejudice and Other Essays. Chicago: Henry Regnery.
*1989 (1968). '''The Southern Tradition at Bay.''' Core, George, and Bradford, M.E., eds. Washington DC: Regnery Gateway.
*1970. Language is Sermonic: R. M. Weaver on the Nature of Rhetoric, Johannesen, R., Strickland, R., and Eubanks, R.T., eds. Louisiana State Univ. Press.
*1987. '''The Southern Essays of Richard M. Weaver.''' Curtis, G. M. III, and Thompson, James J. Jr., eds. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund.

==== Articles/Essays ====
*Weaver, Richard M., "Address to Family Meeting," August 10, 1950, in Pearl M. Weaver,The Tribe of Jacob: The Descendants of the Reverend Jacob Weaver of Reems Creek, North Carolina, 1786-1868 and Elizabeth Siler Weaver. 114.
*------, 2001, "Language is Sermonic" from The Rhetorical Tradition, 2nd ed. Bizzell, P. & B. Herzber, eds. Bedford Books: 1351-1360.
*In addition to his books, Weaver published 61 book reviews, 3 pamphlets with the ISI Press, and 35 articles, including 4 in the Georgia Review, 4 in Modern Age, 6 in National Review, and 4 in the Sewanee Review:

1963, "Two Types of American Individualism [[File:weaver.pdf]]," Modern Age: 119-35.

== Further Readings ==
*Bliese, John. "Richard M. Weaver And The Rhetorical Of A Lost Cause." ''RSQ: Rhetoric Society Quarterly'' 19.4 (1989): 313-325. Communication & Mass Media Complete. Web. 21 Mar. 2012.
*Jacobi, Martin J., and Bernard K. Duffy. "A Comprehensive Bibliography Of Works By And About Richard M. Weaver."'' RSQ: Rhetoric Society Quarterly'' 25.(1995): 258-273. Communication & Mass Media Complete. Web. 21 Mar. 2012.
*Johannesen, Richard L. "A Reconsideration Of Richard M. Weaver's Platonic Idealism." ''RSQ: Rhetoric Society Quarterly'' 21.2 (1991): 1-10. Communication & Mass Media Complete. Web. 21 Mar. 2012.
*Payne, Melinda A., Suzanne M. Ratchford, and Lillian N. Wooley. "Richard M. Weaver: A Bibliographic Essay." ''RSQ: Rhetoric Society Quarterly'' 19.4 (1989): 327-332. Communication & Mass Media Complete. Web. 21 Mar. 2012.

== Other Scholarly Views ==

==== Agreement ====

Those authors that agree with Weaver.

==== Opposition ====

Those authors that disagree with Weaver.

* Crowley, Sharon. "When Ideology Motivates Theory: The Case of the Man from Weaverville." ''Rhetoric Review''. 20.1/2 (2001):66-93.
<blockquote>This is a must-read for anyone reading or working with Weaver. </blockquote>

== References ==

== External Links ==
* [http://www.phillwebb.net/topics/communication/Weaver/Weaver.htm Weaver related Bibliography]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_M._Weaver Richard M. Weaver Wikipedia]

File:Weaver.pdf

2012-04-16T23:29:33Z

Susieb:

Richard Weaver

2012-04-16T23:27:52Z

Susieb: /* Articles/Essays */

== Biography ==

'''Background'''

Archconservative from the south, in the eponymously named Weaverville, his family was part of high society. Sharron Crowley’s book (see "Opposition" section below) evaluates Weaver’s ideology as it affects his theory of rhetoric. Crowley claims that Weaver thought the civil upheaval and development (social equality) was a threat to the old structure of society.

Weaver’s ideology, according to Crowley, assumed a hierarchy of culture. He was an apologist for the old South; things were better when social mobility was stagnant. He is sometimes called a “Paleo-conservative” and a reactionary, or someone who reacts against other people upsetting the way he thinks the way the world should be.

Our society’s current ideology, according to Weaver, makes us fragmented and subject to manipulation. Weaver despised propaganda and advertisement, claiming that we have no more honor or chivalry, and that we have become so wedded to scientific and technological advancements that we have become too individualistic.

'''Further Biographic Information'''

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_M._Weaver Richard Weaver Biography]

== Article Summaries ==

[[Weaver, Richard "The Cultural Role of Rhetoric]]

Weaver is arguing against dialectic use in our society, calling for a revival of rhetoric. He claims that human culture (the values and beliefs of a people who are bound together by tradition, lived experience, and a shared history) will experience a state of social paralysis if dialectic is allowed to dominate rhetoric.

== Additional Works/Publications ==

==== Books ====

Books in bold are still in print.

*1948. '''Ideas Have Consequences.''' Univ. of Chicago Press.
*1985 (1953). '''The Ethics of Rhetoric.''' Davis CA: Hermagoras Press.
*1967 (1957). '''Rhetoric and Composition, 2nd ed. of Composition: A Course in Reading and Writing'''. Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
*1995 (1964). '''Visions of Order The Cultural Crisis of Our Time.''' Bryn Mawr PA: ISI Press.
*1965. Life without Prejudice and Other Essays. Chicago: Henry Regnery.
*1989 (1968). '''The Southern Tradition at Bay.''' Core, George, and Bradford, M.E., eds. Washington DC: Regnery Gateway.
*1970. Language is Sermonic: R. M. Weaver on the Nature of Rhetoric, Johannesen, R., Strickland, R., and Eubanks, R.T., eds. Louisiana State Univ. Press.
*1987. '''The Southern Essays of Richard M. Weaver.''' Curtis, G. M. III, and Thompson, James J. Jr., eds. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund.

==== Articles/Essays ====
*Weaver, Richard M., "Address to Family Meeting," August 10, 1950, in Pearl M. Weaver,The Tribe of Jacob: The Descendants of the Reverend Jacob Weaver of Reems Creek, North Carolina, 1786-1868 and Elizabeth Siler Weaver. 114.
*------, 2001, "Language is Sermonic" from The Rhetorical Tradition, 2nd ed. Bizzell, P. & B. Herzber, eds. Bedford Books: 1351-1360.
*In addition to his books, Weaver published 61 book reviews, 3 pamphlets with the ISI Press, and 35 articles, including 4 in the Georgia Review, 4 in Modern Age, 6 in National Review, and 4 in the Sewanee Review:

1963, "Two Types of American Individualism," Modern Age: 119-35.
[[File:weaver.pdf]]

== Further Readings ==
*Bliese, John. "Richard M. Weaver And The Rhetorical Of A Lost Cause." ''RSQ: Rhetoric Society Quarterly'' 19.4 (1989): 313-325. Communication & Mass Media Complete. Web. 21 Mar. 2012.
*Jacobi, Martin J., and Bernard K. Duffy. "A Comprehensive Bibliography Of Works By And About Richard M. Weaver."'' RSQ: Rhetoric Society Quarterly'' 25.(1995): 258-273. Communication & Mass Media Complete. Web. 21 Mar. 2012.
*Johannesen, Richard L. "A Reconsideration Of Richard M. Weaver's Platonic Idealism." ''RSQ: Rhetoric Society Quarterly'' 21.2 (1991): 1-10. Communication & Mass Media Complete. Web. 21 Mar. 2012.
*Payne, Melinda A., Suzanne M. Ratchford, and Lillian N. Wooley. "Richard M. Weaver: A Bibliographic Essay." ''RSQ: Rhetoric Society Quarterly'' 19.4 (1989): 327-332. Communication & Mass Media Complete. Web. 21 Mar. 2012.

== Other Scholarly Views ==

==== Agreement ====

Those authors that agree with Weaver.

==== Opposition ====

Those authors that disagree with Weaver.

* Crowley, Sharon. "When Ideology Motivates Theory: The Case of the Man from Weaverville." ''Rhetoric Review''. 20.1/2 (2001):66-93.
<blockquote>This is a must-read for anyone reading or working with Weaver. </blockquote>

== References ==

== External Links ==
* [http://www.phillwebb.net/topics/communication/Weaver/Weaver.htm Weaver related Bibliography]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_M._Weaver Richard M. Weaver Wikipedia]

Richard Weaver

2012-04-16T23:25:56Z

Susieb: /* Articles/Essays */

== Biography ==

'''Background'''

Archconservative from the south, in the eponymously named Weaverville, his family was part of high society. Sharron Crowley’s book (see "Opposition" section below) evaluates Weaver’s ideology as it affects his theory of rhetoric. Crowley claims that Weaver thought the civil upheaval and development (social equality) was a threat to the old structure of society.

Weaver’s ideology, according to Crowley, assumed a hierarchy of culture. He was an apologist for the old South; things were better when social mobility was stagnant. He is sometimes called a “Paleo-conservative” and a reactionary, or someone who reacts against other people upsetting the way he thinks the way the world should be.

Our society’s current ideology, according to Weaver, makes us fragmented and subject to manipulation. Weaver despised propaganda and advertisement, claiming that we have no more honor or chivalry, and that we have become so wedded to scientific and technological advancements that we have become too individualistic.

'''Further Biographic Information'''

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_M._Weaver Richard Weaver Biography]

== Article Summaries ==

[[Weaver, Richard "The Cultural Role of Rhetoric]]

Weaver is arguing against dialectic use in our society, calling for a revival of rhetoric. He claims that human culture (the values and beliefs of a people who are bound together by tradition, lived experience, and a shared history) will experience a state of social paralysis if dialectic is allowed to dominate rhetoric.

== Additional Works/Publications ==

==== Books ====

Books in bold are still in print.

*1948. '''Ideas Have Consequences.''' Univ. of Chicago Press.
*1985 (1953). '''The Ethics of Rhetoric.''' Davis CA: Hermagoras Press.
*1967 (1957). '''Rhetoric and Composition, 2nd ed. of Composition: A Course in Reading and Writing'''. Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
*1995 (1964). '''Visions of Order The Cultural Crisis of Our Time.''' Bryn Mawr PA: ISI Press.
*1965. Life without Prejudice and Other Essays. Chicago: Henry Regnery.
*1989 (1968). '''The Southern Tradition at Bay.''' Core, George, and Bradford, M.E., eds. Washington DC: Regnery Gateway.
*1970. Language is Sermonic: R. M. Weaver on the Nature of Rhetoric, Johannesen, R., Strickland, R., and Eubanks, R.T., eds. Louisiana State Univ. Press.
*1987. '''The Southern Essays of Richard M. Weaver.''' Curtis, G. M. III, and Thompson, James J. Jr., eds. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund.

==== Articles/Essays ====
*Weaver, Richard M., "Address to Family Meeting," August 10, 1950, in Pearl M. Weaver,The Tribe of Jacob: The Descendants of the Reverend Jacob Weaver of Reems Creek, North Carolina, 1786-1868 and Elizabeth Siler Weaver. 114.
*------, 2001, "Language is Sermonic" from The Rhetorical Tradition, 2nd ed. Bizzell, P. & B. Herzber, eds. Bedford Books: 1351-1360.
*In addition to his books, Weaver published 61 book reviews, 3 pamphlets with the ISI Press, and 35 articles, including 4 in the Georgia Review, 4 in Modern Age, 6 in National Review, and 4 in the Sewanee Review:

1963, "Two Types of American Individualism," Modern Age: 119-35.

== Further Readings ==
*Bliese, John. "Richard M. Weaver And The Rhetorical Of A Lost Cause." ''RSQ: Rhetoric Society Quarterly'' 19.4 (1989): 313-325. Communication & Mass Media Complete. Web. 21 Mar. 2012.
*Jacobi, Martin J., and Bernard K. Duffy. "A Comprehensive Bibliography Of Works By And About Richard M. Weaver."'' RSQ: Rhetoric Society Quarterly'' 25.(1995): 258-273. Communication & Mass Media Complete. Web. 21 Mar. 2012.
*Johannesen, Richard L. "A Reconsideration Of Richard M. Weaver's Platonic Idealism." ''RSQ: Rhetoric Society Quarterly'' 21.2 (1991): 1-10. Communication & Mass Media Complete. Web. 21 Mar. 2012.
*Payne, Melinda A., Suzanne M. Ratchford, and Lillian N. Wooley. "Richard M. Weaver: A Bibliographic Essay." ''RSQ: Rhetoric Society Quarterly'' 19.4 (1989): 327-332. Communication & Mass Media Complete. Web. 21 Mar. 2012.

== Other Scholarly Views ==

==== Agreement ====

Those authors that agree with Weaver.

==== Opposition ====

Those authors that disagree with Weaver.

* Crowley, Sharon. "When Ideology Motivates Theory: The Case of the Man from Weaverville." ''Rhetoric Review''. 20.1/2 (2001):66-93.
<blockquote>This is a must-read for anyone reading or working with Weaver. </blockquote>

== References ==

== External Links ==
* [http://www.phillwebb.net/topics/communication/Weaver/Weaver.htm Weaver related Bibliography]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_M._Weaver Richard M. Weaver Wikipedia]

Richard Weaver

2012-04-16T23:23:58Z

Susieb: /* Books */

== Biography ==

'''Background'''

Archconservative from the south, in the eponymously named Weaverville, his family was part of high society. Sharron Crowley’s book (see "Opposition" section below) evaluates Weaver’s ideology as it affects his theory of rhetoric. Crowley claims that Weaver thought the civil upheaval and development (social equality) was a threat to the old structure of society.

Weaver’s ideology, according to Crowley, assumed a hierarchy of culture. He was an apologist for the old South; things were better when social mobility was stagnant. He is sometimes called a “Paleo-conservative” and a reactionary, or someone who reacts against other people upsetting the way he thinks the way the world should be.

Our society’s current ideology, according to Weaver, makes us fragmented and subject to manipulation. Weaver despised propaganda and advertisement, claiming that we have no more honor or chivalry, and that we have become so wedded to scientific and technological advancements that we have become too individualistic.

'''Further Biographic Information'''

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_M._Weaver Richard Weaver Biography]

== Article Summaries ==

[[Weaver, Richard "The Cultural Role of Rhetoric]]

Weaver is arguing against dialectic use in our society, calling for a revival of rhetoric. He claims that human culture (the values and beliefs of a people who are bound together by tradition, lived experience, and a shared history) will experience a state of social paralysis if dialectic is allowed to dominate rhetoric.

== Additional Works/Publications ==

==== Books ====

Books in bold are still in print.

*1948. '''Ideas Have Consequences.''' Univ. of Chicago Press.
*1985 (1953). '''The Ethics of Rhetoric.''' Davis CA: Hermagoras Press.
*1967 (1957). '''Rhetoric and Composition, 2nd ed. of Composition: A Course in Reading and Writing'''. Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
*1995 (1964). '''Visions of Order The Cultural Crisis of Our Time.''' Bryn Mawr PA: ISI Press.
*1965. Life without Prejudice and Other Essays. Chicago: Henry Regnery.
*1989 (1968). '''The Southern Tradition at Bay.''' Core, George, and Bradford, M.E., eds. Washington DC: Regnery Gateway.
*1970. Language is Sermonic: R. M. Weaver on the Nature of Rhetoric, Johannesen, R., Strickland, R., and Eubanks, R.T., eds. Louisiana State Univ. Press.
*1987. '''The Southern Essays of Richard M. Weaver.''' Curtis, G. M. III, and Thompson, James J. Jr., eds. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund.

==== Articles/Essays ====

== Further Readings ==
*Bliese, John. "Richard M. Weaver And The Rhetorical Of A Lost Cause." ''RSQ: Rhetoric Society Quarterly'' 19.4 (1989): 313-325. Communication & Mass Media Complete. Web. 21 Mar. 2012.
*Jacobi, Martin J., and Bernard K. Duffy. "A Comprehensive Bibliography Of Works By And About Richard M. Weaver."'' RSQ: Rhetoric Society Quarterly'' 25.(1995): 258-273. Communication & Mass Media Complete. Web. 21 Mar. 2012.
*Johannesen, Richard L. "A Reconsideration Of Richard M. Weaver's Platonic Idealism." ''RSQ: Rhetoric Society Quarterly'' 21.2 (1991): 1-10. Communication & Mass Media Complete. Web. 21 Mar. 2012.
*Payne, Melinda A., Suzanne M. Ratchford, and Lillian N. Wooley. "Richard M. Weaver: A Bibliographic Essay." ''RSQ: Rhetoric Society Quarterly'' 19.4 (1989): 327-332. Communication & Mass Media Complete. Web. 21 Mar. 2012.

== Other Scholarly Views ==

==== Agreement ====

Those authors that agree with Weaver.

==== Opposition ====

Those authors that disagree with Weaver.

* Crowley, Sharon. "When Ideology Motivates Theory: The Case of the Man from Weaverville." ''Rhetoric Review''. 20.1/2 (2001):66-93.
<blockquote>This is a must-read for anyone reading or working with Weaver. </blockquote>

== References ==

== External Links ==
* [http://www.phillwebb.net/topics/communication/Weaver/Weaver.htm Weaver related Bibliography]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_M._Weaver Richard M. Weaver Wikipedia]

Richard Weaver

2012-04-16T23:22:10Z

Susieb: /* Books */

== Biography ==

'''Background'''

Archconservative from the south, in the eponymously named Weaverville, his family was part of high society. Sharron Crowley’s book (see "Opposition" section below) evaluates Weaver’s ideology as it affects his theory of rhetoric. Crowley claims that Weaver thought the civil upheaval and development (social equality) was a threat to the old structure of society.

Weaver’s ideology, according to Crowley, assumed a hierarchy of culture. He was an apologist for the old South; things were better when social mobility was stagnant. He is sometimes called a “Paleo-conservative” and a reactionary, or someone who reacts against other people upsetting the way he thinks the way the world should be.

Our society’s current ideology, according to Weaver, makes us fragmented and subject to manipulation. Weaver despised propaganda and advertisement, claiming that we have no more honor or chivalry, and that we have become so wedded to scientific and technological advancements that we have become too individualistic.

'''Further Biographic Information'''

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_M._Weaver Richard Weaver Biography]

== Article Summaries ==

[[Weaver, Richard "The Cultural Role of Rhetoric]]

Weaver is arguing against dialectic use in our society, calling for a revival of rhetoric. He claims that human culture (the values and beliefs of a people who are bound together by tradition, lived experience, and a shared history) will experience a state of social paralysis if dialectic is allowed to dominate rhetoric.

== Additional Works/Publications ==

==== Books ====

Books in bold are still in print.

*1948. Ideas Have Consequences. Univ. of Chicago Press.
*1985 (1953). The Ethics of Rhetoric. Davis CA: Hermagoras Press.
*1967 (1957). Rhetoric and Composition, 2nd ed. of Composition: A Course in Reading and Writing. Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
*1995 (1964). Visions of Order The Cultural Crisis of Our Time. Bryn Mawr PA: ISI Press.
*1965. Life without Prejudice and Other Essays. Chicago: Henry Regnery.
*1989 (1968). The Southern Tradition at Bay, Core, George, and Bradford, M.E., eds. Washington DC: Regnery Gateway.
*1970. Language is Sermonic: R. M. Weaver on the Nature of Rhetoric, Johannesen, R., Strickland, R., and Eubanks, R.T., eds. Louisiana State Univ. Press.
*1987. The Southern Essays of Richard M. Weaver, Curtis, G. M. III, and Thompson, James J. Jr., eds. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund.

==== Articles/Essays ====

== Further Readings ==
*Bliese, John. "Richard M. Weaver And The Rhetorical Of A Lost Cause." ''RSQ: Rhetoric Society Quarterly'' 19.4 (1989): 313-325. Communication & Mass Media Complete. Web. 21 Mar. 2012.
*Jacobi, Martin J., and Bernard K. Duffy. "A Comprehensive Bibliography Of Works By And About Richard M. Weaver."'' RSQ: Rhetoric Society Quarterly'' 25.(1995): 258-273. Communication & Mass Media Complete. Web. 21 Mar. 2012.
*Johannesen, Richard L. "A Reconsideration Of Richard M. Weaver's Platonic Idealism." ''RSQ: Rhetoric Society Quarterly'' 21.2 (1991): 1-10. Communication & Mass Media Complete. Web. 21 Mar. 2012.
*Payne, Melinda A., Suzanne M. Ratchford, and Lillian N. Wooley. "Richard M. Weaver: A Bibliographic Essay." ''RSQ: Rhetoric Society Quarterly'' 19.4 (1989): 327-332. Communication & Mass Media Complete. Web. 21 Mar. 2012.

== Other Scholarly Views ==

==== Agreement ====

Those authors that agree with Weaver.

==== Opposition ====

Those authors that disagree with Weaver.

* Crowley, Sharon. "When Ideology Motivates Theory: The Case of the Man from Weaverville." ''Rhetoric Review''. 20.1/2 (2001):66-93.
<blockquote>This is a must-read for anyone reading or working with Weaver. </blockquote>

== References ==

== External Links ==
* [http://www.phillwebb.net/topics/communication/Weaver/Weaver.htm Weaver related Bibliography]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_M._Weaver Richard M. Weaver Wikipedia]

Richard Weaver

2012-04-16T23:20:27Z

Susieb: /* External Links */

Scott, Robert L. "On Viewing Rhetoric as Epistemic"

2012-04-16T23:17:54Z

Susieb: /* See Also */

[[Robert L. Scott]] published “On Viewing Rhetoric as Epistemic” in 1967. He begins by explaining how in classical rhetoric (such as Plato’s portrayal in the Socratic dialogues) there is an absolute "Truth." Scott argues against this notion of an absolute or definitive Truth. Drawing on the work of [[Stephen Toulmin]], Scott first explains how through the “analytic argument” (i.e., the kind of argument used in the traditional syllogism (see: [[Glossary]]), one cannot actually gain any empirical knowledge about the world. This is because by nature, the facts of the world are contingent and dependent on time, whereas analytic arguments are meant to be immutable and time-independent. Scott then discusses [[Douglas Ehninger]] and Wayne Brockriede’s views on debate, saying that the “cooperative critical inquiry” used in debate is a more accurate means for finding—or creating—truth. Scott then explains how understanding the nature of truth has important ramifications in ethics. One must attempt to make the proper moral choices even though no objective standard of truth for ethics actually exists.

Scott argues that "truth" is contingent, and rather rhetoric creates truth (see [[Richard Vatz]]). Truth comes from learning through experience--not before the experience. Scott believes that individuals acting upon a preconceived and definite idea of truth are not acting responsibly in regard to ethics. Thus, the actors are merely acting as instruments of an outside truth, and removing responsibility based on the situation. Ultimately to act without certainity or a notion of absolute truth, especially in ethical matters, is actually the most responsible approach. Truth is dual, based on precepts and circumstances. By claiming the rhetoric is epistemic, Scott is saying that rhetoric is what creates truth, it is how we come to know what we know.

== See Also ==

[[James Berlin]]

[[Richard Vatz]]

== Further Reading ==

[[Robert L. Scott]], "On Viewing Rhetoric as Epistemic: Ten Years Later" (1976)

[[James Berlin]], "Rhetoric and Ideology in the Writing Class" (1988)

Scott, Robert L. "On Viewing Rhetoric as Epistemic"

2012-04-16T23:15:02Z

Susieb: /* See Also */

[[Robert L. Scott]] published “On Viewing Rhetoric as Epistemic” in 1967. He begins by explaining how in classical rhetoric (such as Plato’s portrayal in the Socratic dialogues) there is an absolute "Truth." Scott argues against this notion of an absolute or definitive Truth. Drawing on the work of [[Stephen Toulmin]], Scott first explains how through the “analytic argument” (i.e., the kind of argument used in the traditional syllogism (see: [[Glossary]]), one cannot actually gain any empirical knowledge about the world. This is because by nature, the facts of the world are contingent and dependent on time, whereas analytic arguments are meant to be immutable and time-independent. Scott then discusses [[Douglas Ehninger]] and Wayne Brockriede’s views on debate, saying that the “cooperative critical inquiry” used in debate is a more accurate means for finding—or creating—truth. Scott then explains how understanding the nature of truth has important ramifications in ethics. One must attempt to make the proper moral choices even though no objective standard of truth for ethics actually exists.

Scott argues that "truth" is contingent, and rather rhetoric creates truth (see [[Richard Vatz]]). Truth comes from learning through experience--not before the experience. Scott believes that individuals acting upon a preconceived and definite idea of truth are not acting responsibly in regard to ethics. Thus, the actors are merely acting as instruments of an outside truth, and removing responsibility based on the situation. Ultimately to act without certainity or a notion of absolute truth, especially in ethical matters, is actually the most responsible approach. Truth is dual, based on precepts and circumstances. By claiming the rhetoric is epistemic, Scott is saying that rhetoric is what creates truth, it is how we come to know what we know.

== See Also ==
'''Related Authors'''

[[James Berlin]]

[[Richard Vatz]]

Scott, Robert L. "On Viewing Rhetoric as Epistemic"

2012-04-16T23:14:13Z

Susieb:

[[Robert L. Scott]] published “On Viewing Rhetoric as Epistemic” in 1967. He begins by explaining how in classical rhetoric (such as Plato’s portrayal in the Socratic dialogues) there is an absolute "Truth." Scott argues against this notion of an absolute or definitive Truth. Drawing on the work of [[Stephen Toulmin]], Scott first explains how through the “analytic argument” (i.e., the kind of argument used in the traditional syllogism (see: [[Glossary]]), one cannot actually gain any empirical knowledge about the world. This is because by nature, the facts of the world are contingent and dependent on time, whereas analytic arguments are meant to be immutable and time-independent. Scott then discusses [[Douglas Ehninger]] and Wayne Brockriede’s views on debate, saying that the “cooperative critical inquiry” used in debate is a more accurate means for finding—or creating—truth. Scott then explains how understanding the nature of truth has important ramifications in ethics. One must attempt to make the proper moral choices even though no objective standard of truth for ethics actually exists.

Scott argues that "truth" is contingent, and rather rhetoric creates truth (see [[Richard Vatz]]). Truth comes from learning through experience--not before the experience. Scott believes that individuals acting upon a preconceived and definite idea of truth are not acting responsibly in regard to ethics. Thus, the actors are merely acting as instruments of an outside truth, and removing responsibility based on the situation. Ultimately to act without certainity or a notion of absolute truth, especially in ethical matters, is actually the most responsible approach. Truth is dual, based on precepts and circumstances. By claiming the rhetoric is epistemic, Scott is saying that rhetoric is what creates truth, it is how we come to know what we know.

== See Also ==
'''Authors'''

[[James Berlin]]
[[Richard Vatz]]