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		<updated>2026-04-05T22:47:16Z</updated>
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	<entry>
		<id>https://rhetorclick.com/wiki/User:Trevor_Smith</id>
		<title>User:Trevor Smith</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://rhetorclick.com/wiki/User:Trevor_Smith"/>
				<updated>2012-04-16T21:32:29Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Trevor Smith: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Senior at St. Edwards University. Special interests include creative rhetoric, and the influence of new media.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I have made a page for [[Expressivism]], [[James Berlin]], and [[The Language of New Media]].&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Trevor Smith</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://rhetorclick.com/wiki/User:Trevor_Smith</id>
		<title>User:Trevor Smith</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://rhetorclick.com/wiki/User:Trevor_Smith"/>
				<updated>2012-04-16T21:31:48Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Trevor Smith: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Senior at St. Edwards University. Special interests include creative rhetoric, and the influence of new media.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I have made a page for [[Expressivism]], [[James Berlin]], and [[The Language of New Media.]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Trevor Smith</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://rhetorclick.com/wiki/The_Language_of_New_Media</id>
		<title>The Language of New Media</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://rhetorclick.com/wiki/The_Language_of_New_Media"/>
				<updated>2012-04-16T21:29:34Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Trevor Smith: Created page with &amp;quot;'''The Language of New Media''' by Lev Manovich, published in 2001 by MIT press, &amp;quot;offers the first systematic and rigorous theory of new media.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://books.google.com/b...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''The Language of New Media''' by [[Lev Manovich]], published in 2001 by MIT press, &amp;quot;offers the first systematic and rigorous theory of new media.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://books.google.com/books/about/The_Language_of_New_Media.html?id=7m1GhPKuN3cC&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; It seeks to explore that which defines &amp;quot;new media&amp;quot;, analyzing its histories, conventions, and the qualities that define it as such. It has since been translated into multiple languages and has seen wide publication. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==The General Principles of New Media==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Part of the book is dedicated to defining the 'general principles' that make up and define new media.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
They are:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''1) Numerical Representation''': The principle that states that because new media is made up of digital coding, rather than physical material, the primary difference between it and old media is that it is programmable - able to be broken down by the the number and formulas that give it form.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''2)Modularity''': The principle that states that new media is modular, composed of multiple different pieces that interact to form the new media object as a whole, but can be modified independently and reused outside of the work’s context. Examples given are the ways that images, text, coding, and sound make up a website.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''3)Automation''': The principles that states that new media often includes some manner of automation in its production. Allowing, quote, “human intentionality … (to) be removed from the creative process, at least in part.” Examples given are automated filters and effects in photoshop, movie-making programs, etc.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''4)Variability''': The principle that new media is not fixed, but rather “something that can exist in different, potentially infinite versions.” New media is not intrinsically linked to its structure.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''5)Transcoding''': The principle that new media represents a reshaping of culture by way of technology. It refers to the idea that media and culture are being shaped by the structure, limitations, and language of the computer. It also refers to the translation a new media object from one format to another. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Trevor Smith</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://rhetorclick.com/wiki/James_Berlin</id>
		<title>James Berlin</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://rhetorclick.com/wiki/James_Berlin"/>
				<updated>2012-04-16T21:17:46Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Trevor Smith: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''James Berlin'''(1942 – 1994) was a scholar of composition studies whose work was often concerned with rhetorical topics. He worked as a professor of English at Wichita State University, as well as at Purdue University. In his article &amp;quot;[[John Dewey and Peter Elbow: A Pragmatist Revision of Social Theory and Practice]],&amp;quot; [[Donald Jones]] credits him as one of the founders for [[Expressivism]] as a respected composition theory. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://wikicomp.wetpaint.com/page/Expressivism&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Books==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Rhetorics, Poetics, and Cultures: Refiguring College English Studies''. Urbana, Illinois: NCTE, 1996.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Rhetoric and Reality: Writing Instruction in American Colleges''. 1900-1985. Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP, 1987.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Writing Instruction in Nineteenth-Century American Colleges''. Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP, 1984.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Major Articles and Chapters==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Cultural Studies.&amp;quot; ''Encyclopedia of Rhetoric and Composition''. Ed. Theresa Enos. NY: Garland, 1996. 154-56.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Poststructuralism, Cultural Studies, and the Composition Classroom.&amp;quot; ''Rhetoric Review'' 11 (Fall 1992): 16-33. Rpt. ''Professing the New Rhetoric''. Ed. Theresa Enos and Stuart C. Brown. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1994. 461-480.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Revisionary Histories of Rhetoric: Politics, Power, and Plurality.&amp;quot; ''Writing Histories of Rhetoric'', ed. Victor J. Vitanza. Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP, 1994. 112-127.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Composition Studies and Cultural Studies: Collapsing Boundaries.&amp;quot; ''Into the Field: Sites of Composition Studies''. Ed. Anne Ruggles Gere. NY: MLA,1993. 99-116.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Composition and Cultural Studies.&amp;quot; ''Composition and Resistance''. Eds. Hurlbert, C. Mark and Michael Blitz. Portsmouth, NH: Boynton/Cook, 1991.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Postmodernism, Politics, and Histories of Rhetorics.&amp;quot; ''PRE/TEXT'' 11.3-4 (1990): 169-187.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Rhetoric and Ideology in the Writing Class.&amp;quot; ''College English'' 50 (1988): 477-494.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Berlin, James A., et al. Octalog. &amp;quot;The Politics of Historiography.&amp;quot; ''Rhetoric Review'' 7 (1988): 5-49.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Revisionary History: The Dialectical Method.&amp;quot; ''PRE/TEXT'' 8.1-2 (1987): 47-61.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Rhetoric and Poetics in the English Department: Our Nineteenth-Century Inheritance.&amp;quot; ''College English'' 47 (1985): 531-533.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Contemporary Composition: The Major Pedagogical Theories.&amp;quot; ''College English'' 44 (1982): 765-777.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Berlin, James A., and Robert P. Inkster. &amp;quot;Current-Traditional Rhetoric: Paradigm and Practice.&amp;quot; ''Freshman English News'' 8. 3 (Winter 1980): 1-4, 13-14.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Richard Whately and Current-Traditional Rhetoric.&amp;quot; ''College English'' 42 (September 1980): 10-17. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_A._Berlin&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Trevor Smith</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://rhetorclick.com/wiki/Expressivism</id>
		<title>Expressivism</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://rhetorclick.com/wiki/Expressivism"/>
				<updated>2012-04-16T21:16:31Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Trevor Smith: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;The '''Expressivist''' theory of rhetoric and composition is that theory which, much as the name would suggest, emphasizes rhetoric and language as a tool for individual or personal messages rather than social ones. It argues that the process of rhetoric is one of discovery and experimentation, lacking in concrete structures or processes that can be quantified. It is more traditionally focused on the ''experience'' of writing, as opposed to the final product. Expressivism is often criticized for its failure to incorporate setting and context into the analysis of rhetorical works, though it can be argued that this is simply outside of Expressivism's goals. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://wikicomp.wetpaint.com/page/Expressivism&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Expressivists of Note==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[[James Berlin]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Peter Elbow]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[James Britton]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[William Coles]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Lou Kelly]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Ken Macrorie]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Donald Murray]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Donald Stewart]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Trevor Smith</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://rhetorclick.com/wiki/Expressivism</id>
		<title>Expressivism</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://rhetorclick.com/wiki/Expressivism"/>
				<updated>2012-04-16T21:14:41Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Trevor Smith: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;The '''Expressivist''' theory of rhetoric and composition is that theory which, much as the name would suggest, emphasizes rhetoric and language as a tool for individual or personal messages rather than social ones. It argues that the process of rhetoric is one of discovery and experimentation, lacking in concrete structures or processes that can be quantified. It is more traditionally focused on the ''experience'' of writing, as opposed to the final product. Expressivism is often criticized for its failure to incorporate setting and context into the analysis of rhetorical works, though it can be argued that this is simply outside of Expressivism's goals. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://wikicomp.wetpaint.com/page/Expressivism&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Expressivists of Note==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Donald Jones]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[James Berlin]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Peter Elbow]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[James Britton]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[William Coles]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Lou Kelly]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Ken Macrorie]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Donald Murray]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Donald Stewart]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Trevor Smith</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://rhetorclick.com/wiki/Expressivism</id>
		<title>Expressivism</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://rhetorclick.com/wiki/Expressivism"/>
				<updated>2012-04-16T21:14:27Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Trevor Smith: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;The '''Expressivist''' theory of rhetoric and composition is that theory which, much as the name would suggest, emphasizes rhetoric and language as a tool for individual or personal messages rather than social ones. It argues that the process of rhetoric is one of discovery and experimentation, lacking in concrete structures or processes that can be quantified. It is more traditionally focused on the ''experience'' of writing, as opposed to the final product. Expressivism is often criticized for its failure to incorporate setting and context into the analysis of rhetorical works, though it can be argued that this is simply outside of Expressivism's goals. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_A._Berlin&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Expressivists of Note==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Donald Jones]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[James Berlin]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Peter Elbow]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[James Britton]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[William Coles]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Lou Kelly]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Ken Macrorie]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Donald Murray]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Donald Stewart]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Trevor Smith</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://rhetorclick.com/wiki/James_Berlin</id>
		<title>James Berlin</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://rhetorclick.com/wiki/James_Berlin"/>
				<updated>2012-04-16T21:13:26Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Trevor Smith: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''James Berlin'''(1942 – 1994) was a scholar of composition studies whose work was often concerned with rhetorical topics. He worked as a professor of English at Wichita State University, as well as at Purdue University. He is credited by [[Donald Jones]] as one of the founders for [[expressivism]] as a respected composition theory. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://wikicomp.wetpaint.com/page/Expressivism&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Books==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Rhetorics, Poetics, and Cultures: Refiguring College English Studies''. Urbana, Illinois: NCTE, 1996.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Rhetoric and Reality: Writing Instruction in American Colleges''. 1900-1985. Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP, 1987.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Writing Instruction in Nineteenth-Century American Colleges''. Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP, 1984.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Major Articles and Chapters==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Cultural Studies.&amp;quot; ''Encyclopedia of Rhetoric and Composition''. Ed. Theresa Enos. NY: Garland, 1996. 154-56.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Poststructuralism, Cultural Studies, and the Composition Classroom.&amp;quot; ''Rhetoric Review'' 11 (Fall 1992): 16-33. Rpt. ''Professing the New Rhetoric''. Ed. Theresa Enos and Stuart C. Brown. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1994. 461-480.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Revisionary Histories of Rhetoric: Politics, Power, and Plurality.&amp;quot; ''Writing Histories of Rhetoric'', ed. Victor J. Vitanza. Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP, 1994. 112-127.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Composition Studies and Cultural Studies: Collapsing Boundaries.&amp;quot; ''Into the Field: Sites of Composition Studies''. Ed. Anne Ruggles Gere. NY: MLA,1993. 99-116.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Composition and Cultural Studies.&amp;quot; ''Composition and Resistance''. Eds. Hurlbert, C. Mark and Michael Blitz. Portsmouth, NH: Boynton/Cook, 1991.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Postmodernism, Politics, and Histories of Rhetorics.&amp;quot; ''PRE/TEXT'' 11.3-4 (1990): 169-187.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Rhetoric and Ideology in the Writing Class.&amp;quot; ''College English'' 50 (1988): 477-494.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Berlin, James A., et al. Octalog. &amp;quot;The Politics of Historiography.&amp;quot; ''Rhetoric Review'' 7 (1988): 5-49.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Revisionary History: The Dialectical Method.&amp;quot; ''PRE/TEXT'' 8.1-2 (1987): 47-61.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Rhetoric and Poetics in the English Department: Our Nineteenth-Century Inheritance.&amp;quot; ''College English'' 47 (1985): 531-533.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Contemporary Composition: The Major Pedagogical Theories.&amp;quot; ''College English'' 44 (1982): 765-777.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Berlin, James A., and Robert P. Inkster. &amp;quot;Current-Traditional Rhetoric: Paradigm and Practice.&amp;quot; ''Freshman English News'' 8. 3 (Winter 1980): 1-4, 13-14.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Richard Whately and Current-Traditional Rhetoric.&amp;quot; ''College English'' 42 (September 1980): 10-17. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_A._Berlin&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Trevor Smith</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://rhetorclick.com/wiki/James_Berlin</id>
		<title>James Berlin</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://rhetorclick.com/wiki/James_Berlin"/>
				<updated>2012-04-16T21:13:05Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Trevor Smith: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''James Berlin'''(1942 – 1994) was a scholar of composition studies whose work was often concerned with rhetorical topics. He worked as a professor of English at Wichita State University, as well as at Purdue University. He is credited by [[Donald Jones]] as one of the founders for expressivism as a respected composition theory. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://wikicomp.wetpaint.com/page/Expressivism&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Books==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Rhetorics, Poetics, and Cultures: Refiguring College English Studies''. Urbana, Illinois: NCTE, 1996.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Rhetoric and Reality: Writing Instruction in American Colleges''. 1900-1985. Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP, 1987.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Writing Instruction in Nineteenth-Century American Colleges''. Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP, 1984.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Major Articles and Chapters==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Cultural Studies.&amp;quot; ''Encyclopedia of Rhetoric and Composition''. Ed. Theresa Enos. NY: Garland, 1996. 154-56.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Poststructuralism, Cultural Studies, and the Composition Classroom.&amp;quot; ''Rhetoric Review'' 11 (Fall 1992): 16-33. Rpt. ''Professing the New Rhetoric''. Ed. Theresa Enos and Stuart C. Brown. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1994. 461-480.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Revisionary Histories of Rhetoric: Politics, Power, and Plurality.&amp;quot; ''Writing Histories of Rhetoric'', ed. Victor J. Vitanza. Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP, 1994. 112-127.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Composition Studies and Cultural Studies: Collapsing Boundaries.&amp;quot; ''Into the Field: Sites of Composition Studies''. Ed. Anne Ruggles Gere. NY: MLA,1993. 99-116.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Composition and Cultural Studies.&amp;quot; ''Composition and Resistance''. Eds. Hurlbert, C. Mark and Michael Blitz. Portsmouth, NH: Boynton/Cook, 1991.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Postmodernism, Politics, and Histories of Rhetorics.&amp;quot; ''PRE/TEXT'' 11.3-4 (1990): 169-187.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Rhetoric and Ideology in the Writing Class.&amp;quot; ''College English'' 50 (1988): 477-494.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Berlin, James A., et al. Octalog. &amp;quot;The Politics of Historiography.&amp;quot; ''Rhetoric Review'' 7 (1988): 5-49.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Revisionary History: The Dialectical Method.&amp;quot; ''PRE/TEXT'' 8.1-2 (1987): 47-61.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Rhetoric and Poetics in the English Department: Our Nineteenth-Century Inheritance.&amp;quot; ''College English'' 47 (1985): 531-533.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Contemporary Composition: The Major Pedagogical Theories.&amp;quot; ''College English'' 44 (1982): 765-777.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Berlin, James A., and Robert P. Inkster. &amp;quot;Current-Traditional Rhetoric: Paradigm and Practice.&amp;quot; ''Freshman English News'' 8. 3 (Winter 1980): 1-4, 13-14.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Richard Whately and Current-Traditional Rhetoric.&amp;quot; ''College English'' 42 (September 1980): 10-17. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_A._Berlin&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Trevor Smith</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://rhetorclick.com/wiki/James_Berlin</id>
		<title>James Berlin</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://rhetorclick.com/wiki/James_Berlin"/>
				<updated>2012-04-16T21:12:47Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Trevor Smith: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''James Berlin'''(1942 – 1994) was a scholar of composition studies whose work was often concerned with rhetorical topics. He worked as a professor of English at Wichita State University, as well as at Purdue University. He is credited by [[Donald Jones]] as one of the founders for expressivism as a respected composition theory. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://wikicomp.wetpaint.com/page/Expressivism&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Books==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Rhetorics, Poetics, and Cultures: Refiguring College English Studies''. Urbana, Illinois: NCTE, 1996.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Rhetoric and Reality: Writing Instruction in American Colleges''. 1900-1985. Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP, 1987.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Writing Instruction in Nineteenth-Century American Colleges''. Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP, 1984.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Major Articles and Chapters==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Cultural Studies.&amp;quot; ''Encyclopedia of Rhetoric and Composition''. Ed. Theresa Enos. NY: Garland, 1996. 154-56.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Poststructuralism, Cultural Studies, and the Composition Classroom.&amp;quot; ''Rhetoric Review'' 11 (Fall 1992): 16-33. Rpt. ''Professing the New Rhetoric''. Ed. Theresa Enos and Stuart C. Brown. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1994. 461-480.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Revisionary Histories of Rhetoric: Politics, Power, and Plurality.&amp;quot; ''Writing Histories of Rhetoric'', ed. Victor J. Vitanza. Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP, 1994. 112-127.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Composition Studies and Cultural Studies: Collapsing Boundaries.&amp;quot; ''Into the Field: Sites of Composition Studies''. Ed. Anne Ruggles Gere. NY: MLA,1993. 99-116.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Composition and Cultural Studies.&amp;quot; ''Composition and Resistance''. Eds. Hurlbert, C. Mark and Michael Blitz. Portsmouth, NH: Boynton/Cook, 1991.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Postmodernism, Politics, and Histories of Rhetorics.&amp;quot; ''PRE/TEXT'' 11.3-4 (1990): 169-187.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Rhetoric and Ideology in the Writing Class.&amp;quot; ''College English'' 50 (1988): 477-494.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Berlin, James A., et al. Octalog. &amp;quot;The Politics of Historiography.&amp;quot; ''Rhetoric Review'' 7 (1988): 5-49.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Revisionary History: The Dialectical Method.&amp;quot; ''PRE/TEXT'' 8.1-2 (1987): 47-61.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Rhetoric and Poetics in the English Department: Our Nineteenth-Century Inheritance.&amp;quot; ''College English'' 47 (1985): 531-533.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Contemporary Composition: The Major Pedagogical Theories.&amp;quot; ''College English'' 44 (1982): 765-777.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Berlin, James A., and Robert P. Inkster. &amp;quot;Current-Traditional Rhetoric: Paradigm and Practice.&amp;quot; ''Freshman English News'' 8. 3 (Winter 1980): 1-4, 13-14.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Richard Whately and Current-Traditional Rhetoric.&amp;quot; ''College English'' 42 (September 1980): 10-17. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_A._Berlin&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Trevor Smith</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://rhetorclick.com/wiki/James_Berlin</id>
		<title>James Berlin</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://rhetorclick.com/wiki/James_Berlin"/>
				<updated>2012-04-16T21:11:30Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Trevor Smith: Created page with &amp;quot;'''James Berlin'''(1942 – 1994) was a scholar of composition studies whose work was often concerned with rhetorical topics. He worked as a professor of English at Wichita State...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''James Berlin'''(1942 – 1994) was a scholar of composition studies whose work was often concerned with rhetorical topics. He worked as a professor of English at Wichita State University, as well as at Purdue University. He is credited by [[Donald Jones]] as one of the founders for expressivism as a respected composition theory. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://wikicomp.wetpaint.com/page/Expressivism&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Books==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Rhetorics, Poetics, and Cultures: Refiguring College English Studies''. Urbana, Illinois: NCTE, 1996.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Rhetoric and Reality: Writing Instruction in American Colleges''. 1900-1985. Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP, 1987.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Writing Instruction in Nineteenth-Century American Colleges''. Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP, 1984.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Major Articles and Chapters==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Cultural Studies.&amp;quot; ''Encyclopedia of Rhetoric and Composition''. Ed. Theresa Enos. NY: Garland, 1996. 154-56.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Poststructuralism, Cultural Studies, and the Composition Classroom.&amp;quot; ''Rhetoric Review'' 11 (Fall 1992): 16-33. Rpt. ''Professing the New Rhetoric''. Ed. Theresa Enos and Stuart C. Brown. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1994. 461-480.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Revisionary Histories of Rhetoric: Politics, Power, and Plurality.&amp;quot; ''Writing Histories of Rhetoric'', ed. Victor J. Vitanza. Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP, 1994. 112-127.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Composition Studies and Cultural Studies: Collapsing Boundaries.&amp;quot; ''Into the Field: Sites of Composition Studies''. Ed. Anne Ruggles Gere. NY: MLA,1993. 99-116.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Composition and Cultural Studies.&amp;quot; ''Composition and Resistance''. Eds. Hurlbert, C. Mark and Michael Blitz. Portsmouth, NH: Boynton/Cook, 1991.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Postmodernism, Politics, and Histories of Rhetorics.&amp;quot; ''PRE/TEXT'' 11.3-4 (1990): 169-187.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Rhetoric and Ideology in the Writing Class.&amp;quot; ''College English'' 50 (1988): 477-494.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Berlin, James A., et al. Octalog. &amp;quot;The Politics of Historiography.&amp;quot; ''Rhetoric Review'' 7 (1988): 5-49.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Revisionary History: The Dialectical Method.&amp;quot; ''PRE/TEXT'' 8.1-2 (1987): 47-61.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Rhetoric and Poetics in the English Department: Our Nineteenth-Century Inheritance.&amp;quot; ''College English'' 47 (1985): 531-533.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Contemporary Composition: The Major Pedagogical Theories.&amp;quot; ''College English'' 44 (1982): 765-777.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Berlin, James A., and Robert P. Inkster. &amp;quot;Current-Traditional Rhetoric: Paradigm and Practice.&amp;quot; ''Freshman English News'' 8. 3 (Winter 1980): 1-4, 13-14.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Richard Whately and Current-Traditional Rhetoric.&amp;quot; ''College English'' 42 (September 1980): 10-17. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_A._Berlin&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Trevor Smith</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://rhetorclick.com/wiki/Expressivism</id>
		<title>Expressivism</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://rhetorclick.com/wiki/Expressivism"/>
				<updated>2012-04-16T21:01:59Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Trevor Smith: Created page with &amp;quot;The '''Expressivist''' theory of rhetoric and composition is that theory which, much as the name would suggest, emphasizes rhetoric and language as a tool for individual or perso...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;The '''Expressivist''' theory of rhetoric and composition is that theory which, much as the name would suggest, emphasizes rhetoric and language as a tool for individual or personal messages rather than social ones. It argues that the process of rhetoric is one of discovery and experimentation, lacking in concrete structures or processes that can be quantified. It is more traditionally focused on the ''experience'' of writing, as opposed to the final product. Expressivism is often criticized for its failure to incorporate setting and context into the analysis of rhetorical works, though it can be argued that this is simply outside of expressivism's goals &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Expressivists of Note==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[[James Berlin]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Peter Elbow]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[James Britton]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[William Coles]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Lou Kelly]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Ken Macrorie]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Donald Murray]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Donald Stewart]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Trevor Smith</name></author>	</entry>

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