Glossary

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This page is dedicated to key terms from the readings.

Lunsford and Ede

Aleatoric: according to chance
Animism: all objects have souls (Aristotle)
Antistrophos: counterpart, companion
Dialectic: two-sided dialogue, formal argumentation system, conversation
Doxa: social knowledge
Episteme: core, truths of the earth knowledge
Emthymeme: uses audience's assumptions, only use 1 premise
Syllogism: logical/deductive, conclusion resting on 2 premises (major, minor, conclusion)
Krisis: point of judgment, moment of decision
Paradeigma: use of example or evidence to prove a point
Pisteis: proofs, persuasive appeals (logos, ethos, pathos); artistic (logical, logos, nonlogical, ethos and pathos) and inartistic (tangible evidence) proofs
Techne: art, craft
Poeis: fine arts

Persuasive Appeals

Logos: the appeal to reason. Logical appeals attempt to persuade the audience using intellect. Most academic arguments rely mainly on logos.
Pathos: the appeal to emotion. When people accept a claim based on how it makes them feels=, they are acting on pathos. A majority of advertisements and arguments in the popular press rely heavily on pathetic appeals. Although the pathetic appeal can be manipulative, it is the cornerstone of moving people to action.
Ethos: The persuasive appeal of one's character, especially how this character is established by means of speech or discourse. Ethotic appeals rely on the trustworthiness of the speaker or writer. Ethos is an effective appeal because when the audience believes that the speaker does not intend to do them harm, they are more likely to trust what is being said.

Representamen: what something represents to you personally (creates in the mind of that person an equivalent sign, or perhaps a more developed sign)
Interpretant: how you perceive the representamen
Object: the action you take